Full reference: D. B. Blake. 2018. Toward a History of the Paleozoic Asteroidea (Echinodermata). Bulletins of American Paleontology (394)1-96
Parent taxon: Asteroidea according to D. B. Blake 2018
Sister taxa: Ambuloasteroidea, Arthrasteridae, Cryptozonia, Euasteroidea, Hadrosida, Hemizonida, Hunsrueckaster, Kermasida, Lepidasterella, Neopalaeasteridae, Petrasteridae, Phanerozoma, Phanerozonida, Platyasterida, Pleuraster, Proactis, Protarthraster, Pustulosida, Schuchertiidae, Silicaster, Spinulosacea, Trichotaster, Yarravaster
Subtaxa: Cnemidactinidae Devonistella Eoactis Helianthasteridae Lacertasteridae Lepidasteridae Lepidasterina Lepyriactis Mesopalaeasteridae Omanasteridae Palasterinidae Platanasteridae Schondorfia Taeniactis
Ecology: slow-moving low-level epifaunal carnivore
Distribution:
• Permian of Oman (1 collection)
• Carboniferous of United States (2: Illinois, Iowa)
• Devonian of Canada (1: Ontario), the Czech Republic (1), Germany (1), United States (1: New York)
• Silurian of Australia (1), Canada (1: Ontario), the United Kingdom (7)
• Volkhov of the Russian Federation (1)
• Ordovician of Canada (2: Ontario, Quebec), Estonia (1), France (2), Norway (1), the United Kingdom (4), United States (33: Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Utah)
Total: 60 collections including 89 occurrences