Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Spatangidae
Full reference: J. E. Gray. 1825. An attempt to divide the Echinida, or Sea Eggs, into natural families. Annals of Philosophy, new series 10:423-431
Parent taxon: Spatangidea according to A. Kroh and A. B. Smith 2010
See also Clark 1904, Clark and Twitchell 1915, Djabarov 1964, Fischer 1966, Grant and Hertlein 1938, Kew 1920 and Turner 1938
Sister taxa: Eupatangidae, Eurypataginae, Loveniidae, Macropneustidae, Maretiidae, Megapneustidae
Subtaxa: Atelospatangus Epiaster Gonimaretia Isomicraster Laevipatagus Maretia Paramaretia Sarsella Semipetalion Spatangus
Ecology: slow-moving shallow infaunal deposit feeder-detritivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Eritrea (1 collection), Japan (2)
• Pliocene of Belgium (1), Holy See (Vatican City State) (1), United States (4: California, South Carolina, Virginia)
• Miocene of Belgium (1), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1), Egypt (1), Indonesia (1), Italy (11), New Zealand (1)
• Oligocene of Germany (1), United States (2: North Carolina)
• Eocene of the United Kingdom (3), United States (14: California, North Carolina, South Carolina)
• Cretaceous of Algeria (2), Angola (11), Austria (1), France (7), Gabon (1), Germany (3), Greenland (1), Madagascar (3), Mexico (1), Morocco (1), Portugal (1), Spain (6), Switzerland (3), Turkmenistan (3), the United Arab Emirates (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (4: Arkansas, Texas)
Total: 95 collections including 100 occurrences