PBDB Taxon

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Tetrapoda (tetrapod)

Taxonomy

Tetrapoda was named by Jaekel (1911). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Laurin et al. (2000).

It was reranked as the infraclass Tetrapoda by Nelson et al. (2016).

It was assigned to Vertebrata by Jaekel (1911); to Choanata by Gardiner (1982); to Stegocephali by Laurin et al. (2000); to Dipnotetrapodomorpha by Long (2011); to Tetrapodomorpha by Ahlberg (1991) and Clack et al. (2012); and to Sarcopterygii by Nelson et al. (2016).

Subtaxa

Acanthostegidae, Aistopoda, Amphibia, Antlerpeton, Austrobrachyops, Austrobrachyops jenseni, Aytonerpeton, Baphetoidea, Brittagnathus, Caerorhachidae, Casineria, Characichnos, Chroniosuchia, Collettosaurus (syn. Notamphibia), Colosteidae (syn. Pholidogasteridae), Crassigyrinidae, Crucipes, Diploradus, Dipodiscus, Doragnathus, Eldeceeon, Embolomeri, Erpetopus, Gaiasia, Hemispondyla, Janusichnus, Janusichnus bifrons, Kirktonecta, Koilops, Laoporus (syn. Palaeopus, Agostopus, Barypodus), Limnosceloides, Limnosceloides brachycoles, Limnosceloides dunkardensis, Lunaepes, Merifontichnus, Mesanerpeton, Microsauropus, Miosauria, Namuncurania malarguense, Nasopus grimmi, Nothosaurops occiduus, Ossirarus, Paleosauropus, Parmastega, Perittodus, Plesiosaurus vaccinsulensis, Polyptychodon mackesoni, Reniformichnus, Reptiliomorpha, Romeriscus, Romeriscus periallus, Saurichnium parallelum, Sigournea, Silvanerpeton, Solenodonsaurus, Solidopus, Solidopus perissodactylus, Tambachichnium, Tantallognathus, Tetrapodium, Thecodontichnus, Theriodesmus, Typopus, Wangwusaurus, Wangwusaurus tayuensis, Westlothiana, Whatcheeriidae

Sister taxa

Reptiliomorpha

Synonyms

Saurichnium parallelum was named by Gürich (1926). It is considered to be a form taxon. It is a trace fossil. Its type locality is Otjihaene-Maparero 92 Farm tracksite (ONP I), which is in a Jurassic eolian sandstone in the Etjo Formation of Namibia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Wagensommer et al. (2016).
Limnosceloides dunkardensis was named by Romer (1952). Its type specimen is USNM 12166, a partial skeleton (vertebrae, pelvis and limb elements), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is SW Cottageville, which is in an Asselian/Sakmarian terrestrial sandstone in West Virginia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Wideman et al. (2005).
Limnosceloides brachycoles was named by Langston (1966). Its type specimen is UCMP 35767, a limb element (right femur), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is UCMP V-2814, which is in a Virgilian/Wolfcampian terrestrial siltstone in the Abo/Cutler Formation of New Mexico.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Wideman et al. (2005).
Romeriscus periallus was named by Baird and Carroll (1967). Its type specimen is YPM PU 16982, a partial skeleton (skull roof and anterior postcranial skeleton), and it is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Cape Linzee, which is in a Westphalian A wet floodplain sandstone/coal in the Port Hood Formation of Canada.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Laurin and Reisz (1992).
Namuncurania malarguense was named by Rusconi (1943). Its type specimen is MHN-PV 123, a set of postcrania (parts of a vertebra and four ribs), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is La Valenciana mine, which is in a Tithonian marine marl/coal in Argentina. It is the type species of Namuncurania.

It was considered a nomen vanum by Welles (1962).
Polyptychodon mackesoni was named by Owen (1884).

It was considered a nomen vanum by Welles (1962).
Nothosaurops occiduus was named by Leidy (1870). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Nothosaurus occiduus by Leidy (1873); it was recombined as Champsosaurus occiduus by Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen vanum by Welles (1962) and Erickson (1972).
Austrobrachyops jenseni was named by Colbert and Cosgriff (1974). Its type specimen is AMNH 9346, a partial skull (Left pterygoid bone), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Coalsack Bluff, Transantarctic Mountains, which is in a Triassic channel siliciclastic in the Fremouw Formation of Antarctica.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Warren and Marsicano (2000).
Wangwusaurus was named by Young (1979).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Liu et al. (2014).

It was assigned to Gorgonopsia by Young (1979).
Wangwusaurus tayuensis was named by Young (1979). Its type specimen is IVPP V 4018 (Teeth and bones) and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Huakedaliang, Dayu township, Jiyuan City, which is in a Wuchiapingian terrestrial sandstone/mudstone in the Shangshihezi Formation of China.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Liu et al. (2014).
Nasopus grimmi was named by Leonardi (1951). It is considered to be a form taxon. It is a trace fossil. Its type locality is Butterloch-Bletterbach tracksite, which is in a Lopingian terrestrial sandstone in the Arenarie de Val Gardena Formation of Italy.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Marchetti et al. (2019).
Austrobrachyops was named by Colbert and Cosgriff (1974).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Warren and Marsicano (2000) and Schoch and Milner (2014).

It was assigned to Brachyopidae by Colbert and Cosgriff (1974) and Carroll (1988).
Limnosceloides was named by Romer (1952). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Wideman et al. (2005).

It was assigned to Limnoscelidae by Romer (1952), Langston (1966) and Carroll (1988).
Romeriscus was named by Baird and Carroll (1967). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Laurin and Reisz (1992).

It was assigned to Limnoscelidae by Baird and Carroll (1967) and Carroll (1988).
Janusichnus was named by Ceoloni et al. (1988). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Marchetti et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Tetrapoda by Valentini et al. (2007).
Janusichnus bifrons was named by Ceoloni et al. (1988). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Marchetti et al. (2019).
Solidopus was named by Moodie (1930). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Haubold and Lucas (2003).
Solidopus perissodactylus was named by Moodie (1930). It is considered to be a form taxon. It is a trace fossil. Its type locality is Castle Peak tracksite, which is in a Kungurian marginal marine siltstone in the Choza Formation of Texas.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Haubold and Lucas (2003).
Tetrapodium was named by Gürich (1926). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type is Tetrapodium elmenhorsti.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Wagensommer et al. (2016).

It was assigned to Saurischia by Kuhn (1963); and to Tetrapoda by Haubold (1971).
Tetrapodium elmenhorsti was named by Gürich (1926). It is considered to be a form taxon. It is a trace fossil. Its type locality is Otjihaene-Maparero 92 Farm tracksite (ONP I), which is in a Jurassic eolian sandstone in the Etjo Formation of Namibia. It is the type species of Tetrapodium.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Wagensommer et al. (2016).
Thecodontichnus was named by Huene (1941). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type is Ichnites verrucae.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Marchetti et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Prosauropoda by Kuhn (1958); to Saurischia by Kuhn (1963); to Parachirotheriidae by Haubold (1969), Haubold (1971), Demathieu and Haubold (1972) and Haubold (1974); and to Pseudosuchia by Leonardi (1951) and Tongiorgi (1980).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1870	Nothosaurops occiduus Leidy p. 74
1873	Nothosaurus occiduus Leidy p. 287
1884	Polyptychodon mackesoni Owen pp. I, vii figs. pls 27-28
1902	Nothosaurops occiduus Hay p. 457
1903	Nothosaurops occiduus Williston p. 10
1911	Tetrapoda Jaekel p. 15
1926	Saurichnium parallelum Gürich
1926	Tetrapodium Gürich p. 117
1926	Tetrapodium elmenhorsti Gürich p. 117
1930	Champsosaurus occiduus Hay p. 133
1930	Solidopus Moodie
1930	Solidopus perissodactylus Moodie
1941	Thecodontichnus Huene p. 5–6
1943	Namuncurania malarguense Rusconi p. 2 fig. 1
1951	Nasopus grimmi Leonardi p. 4 figs. Pl. II:8b, 9b
1951	Thecodontichnus Leonardi p. 19
1952	Limnosceloides Romer pp. 88-92 figs. 10-12
1952	Limnosceloides dunkardensis Romer pp. 88-92 figs. 10-12
1958	Thecodontichnus Kuhn p. 23
1963	Tetrapodium Kuhn p. 88
1963	Tetrapodium elmenhorsti Kuhn p. 88
1963	Thecodontichnus Kuhn p. 88
1966	Limnosceloides Langston p. 691
1966	Limnosceloides brachycoles Langston p. 691 figs. 1-3
1967	Romeriscus Baird and Carroll p. 57 figs. 1, 2B
1967	Romeriscus periallus Baird and Carroll p. 57 figs. 1, 2B
1969	Thecodontichnus Haubold p. 98
1971	Thecodontichnus Haubold p. 64
1971	Saurichnium parallelum Haubold p. 82
1971	Tetrapodium Haubold p. 99
1971	Tetrapodium elmenhorsti Haubold p. 99
1972	Thecodontichnus Demathieu and Haubold p. 806
1974	Austrobrachyops Colbert and Cosgriff
1974	Austrobrachyops jenseni Colbert and Cosgriff p. 5 figs. 1, 4, 5, 8, 12
1974	Thecodontichnus Haubold p. 40
1979	Wangwusaurus Young
1979	Wangwusaurus tayuensis Young
1980	Thecodontichnus Tongiorgi p. 81
1982	Tetrapoda Gardiner p. 228
1988	Austrobrachyops Carroll
1988	Limnosceloides Carroll
1988	Romeriscus Carroll
1988	Janusichnus Ceoloni et al.
1988	Janusichnus bifrons Ceoloni et al.
1991	Tetrapoda Ahlberg p. 280
2000	Tetrapoda Laurin et al. p. 119 fig. 2b
2007	Janusichnus Valentini et al.
2011	Tetrapoda Long p. 244
2012	Tetrapoda Clack et al. p. 74
2016	Tetrapoda Nelson et al. p. 111

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata

Rank	Name	Author
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Tetrapoda

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Tetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [tetrapod]

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Fm. †Acanthostegidae Jarvik 1952

G. †Acanthostega Jarvik 1952

†Acanthostega gunnari Jarvik 1952

Subor. †Aistopoda Miall 1875

Fm. †Lethiscidae Wellstead 1982

G. †Lethiscus Wellstead 1982

†Lethiscus stocki Wellstead 1982

Fm. †Oestocephalidae Anderson 2003

G. †Oestocephalus Cope 1868

†Oestocephalus amphiuminum Cope 1868

†Oestocephalus granulosum Fritsch 1880

†Oestocephalus nanum Hancock and Atthey 1868

†Oestocephalus pectinatus Cope 1868

†Oestocephalus rectidens Cope 1874

†Oestocephalus vicinum Fritsch 1880

Fm. †Ophiderpetontidae Schwarz 1908

G. †Coloraderpeton Vaughn 1969

†Coloraderpeton brilli Vaughn 1969

G. †Ophiderpeton Huxley 1866

†Ophiderpeton amphiuminum Cope 1868

Invalid names: Cercariomorphus parvisquamis Cope 1885 [synonym]

†Ophiderpeton brownriggi Wright and Huxley 1871

†Ophiderpeton kirktonense Milner 1994

†Ophiderpeton swisshelmense Thayer 1985

Invalid names: Cercariomorphus Cope 1885 [synonym]

Fm. †Phlegethontiidae Cope 1875

G. †Dolichosoma Huxley and Wright 1867

†Dolichosoma emersoni Huxley and Wright 1867

†Dolichosoma scutiferum Fritsch 1901

G. †Phlegethontia Cope 1871

†Phlegethontia linearis Cope 1871

†Phlegethontia longissima Fritsch 1875

Invalid names: Aornerpeton mazonensis Gregory 1948 [synonym], Phlegethontia serpens Cope 1871 [synonym]

Invalid names: Aornerpeton Lund 1978 [synonym], Phlegethontia phanerhapha Thayer 1985 [nomen dubium]

G. †Sillerpeton Lund 1978

†Sillerpeton permianum Lund 1978

Invalid names: Dolichosomatidae Lydekker 1889 [synonym]

Fm. †Pseudophlegethontiidae Anderson 2003

G. †Pseudophlegethontia Anderson 2003

†Pseudophlegethontia turnbullorum Anderson 2003

Cl. Amphibia Linnaeus 1758

G. †Amphibiopodiscus Ellenberger 1970

†Amphibiopodiscus saltator Ellenberger 1970

G. †Amphisauropus Haubold 1970

†Amphisauropus kablikae Geinitz and Deichmüller 1982

†Amphisauropus latus Haubold 1970

G. †Anthracopus Leidy 1879

†Anthracopus ellangowensis Leidy 1879

Or. †Anthracosauromorpha Ivakhnenko and Tverdokhlebova 1980

Fm. †Enosuchidae Konzhukova 1955

G. †Enosuchus Konzhukova 1955

†Enosuchus alveolatus Bulanov and Golubev 2019

†Enosuchus breviceps Konzhukova 1955

G. †Kitiakia Bulanov and Golubev 2019

†Kitiakia firma Bulanov and Golubev 2019

Subcl. †Apsidospondyli Romer 1947

Superor. †Labyrinthodontia Owen 1859

G. †Chalcosaurus Meyer 1866

†Chalcosaurus lukjanovae Ivakhnenko 1980

†Chalcosaurus rossicus Meyer 1866

G. †Corvipes Hitchcock 1858

G. †Eupleurodus Gürich 1884

†Eupleurodus sulcatus Gürich 1884

G. †Triaenopus Hitchcock 1845

†Triaenopus emmonsii Hitchcock 1841

Invalid names: Sauroidichnites baileyi Hitchcock 1841 [synonym]

†Triaenopus leptodactylus Hitchcock 1858

†Triaenopus lulli Thorpe 1929

G. †Batrachichnus Woodworth 1900

†Batrachichnus jacksonensis Butts 1891

†Batrachichnus obscurus Gilmore 1927

†Batrachichnus parvus Gilmore 1927

†Batrachichnus plainvillensis Woodworth 1900

†Batrachichnus salamandroides Geinitz 1861

Invalid names: Batrachichnus delicatulus Lull 1918 [synonym], Hyloidichnus arnhardti Haubold 1973 [synonym]

G. †Batrachopodiscus Ellenberger 1970

†Batrachopodiscus curvus Ellenberger 1970

†Batrachopodiscus likhoelensis Ellenberger 1970

†Batrachopodiscus quthingensis Ellenberger 1970

†Batrachopodiscus tsanatalani Ellenberger 1970

Unr. Campsichrotes Ritgen 1828

Unr. Molgaei Ritgen 1828

Unr. Uromolgaei Ritgen 1828

Unr. Pneumaturomolgaei Ritgen 1828

Subcl. Euamphibia Kuhn 1946

Invalid names: Caecilia Duméril 1807 [empty]

G. †Lehahichnus Ellenberger 1970

†Lehahichnus coquinaris Ellenberger 1970

Unr. †Lepospondyli von Zittel 1887

Fm. †Acherontiscidae Carroll 1967

G. †Acherontiscus Carroll 1969

†Acherontiscus caledoniae Carroll 1969

Unr. †Microsauria Dawson 1863

G. †Altenglanerpeton Glienke 2012

†Altenglanerpeton schroederi Glienke 2012

G. †Amblyodon Dawson 1882

G. †Archerpeton Carroll 1964

Invalid names: Archerpeton anthracos Carroll 1964 [nomen dubium]

G. †Barillopus Matthew 1903

†Barillopus arctus Matthew 1904

†Barillopus confusus Matthew 1904

†Barillopus unguifer Matthew 1903

G. †Cymatorhiza Olson and Barghusen 1962

†Cymatorhiza kittsi Olson and Barghusen 1962

G. †Dromillopus Matthew 1904

†Dromillopus celer Matthew 1903

†Dromillopus obtusus Matthew 1904

†Dromillopus quadrifidus Matthew 1904

G. †Eurythorax Cope 1871

†Eurythorax sublaevis Cope 1871

Fm. †Hylonomidae Fritsch 1883

G. †Smilerpeton Dawson 1882

G. †Hyphasma Cope 1875

†Hyphasma laevis Cope 1875

Fm. †Microbrachidae Fritsch 1883

G. †Microbrachis Fric 1875

Subor. †Microbrachomorpha Carroll and Gaskill 1978

Fm. †Hyloplesiontidae Carroll and Gaskill 1978

Fm. †Odonterpetontidae Carroll and Gaskill 1978

G. †Novascoticus Carroll 1966

†Novascoticus multidens Dawson 1882

G. †Ornithoides Matthew 1903

†Ornithoides adamsi Matthew 1904

†Ornithoides trifidus Dawson 1895

G. †Paramicrobrachis Kuhn 1959

†Paramicrobrachis fritschi Kuhn 1959

G. †Pariostegus Cope 1868

†Pariostegus myops Cope 1868

Fm. †Ptyoniidae Cope 1875

G. †Lepterpeton Wright and Huxley 1866

G. †Puertollanopus Soler-Gijón and Moratalla 2001

†Puertollanopus omicrodactylus Soler-Gijón and Moratalla 2001

G. †Saxonerpeton Carroll and Gaskill 1978

†Saxonerpeton geinitzi Credner 1890

G. †Stenichnus Gilmore 1927

†Stenichnus yakiensis Gilmore 1927

G. †Thyrsidium Cope 1875

†Thyrsidium fasciculare Cope 1875

Subor. †Tuditanomorpha Carroll and Gaskill 1978

Fm. †Goniorhynchidae Carroll and Gaskill 1978

Fm. †Hapsidopareiidae Marjanović and Laurin 2019

Invalid names: Hapsidopareiontidae Daly 1973 [replaced]

Fm. †Trihecatontidae Vaughn 1972

Fm. †Tuditanidae Cope 1875

G. †Utaherpeton Carroll et al. 1991

†Utaherpeton franklini Carroll et al. 1991

Invalid names: Haplosauri Jaekel 1911 [empty], Protritonidae Nicholson and Lydekker 1889 [empty], Sauropleuridae Hay 1902 [empty], Urosauri Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Unr. †Nectridea Miall 1875

G. †Arizonerpeton Thayer 1985

†Arizonerpeton wellsi Thayer 1985

Fm. †Diplocaulidae Cope 1881

G. †Batrachiderpeton Hancock and Atthey 1871

G. †Diceratosaurus Jaekel 1903

G. †Diploceraspis

G. †Hermundurichnus Walter and Werneburg 1988

G. †Keraterpeton Wright and Huxley 1866

Invalid names: Keraterpetontidae Jaekel 1903 [synonym]

Fm. †Scincosauridae Jaeckel 1909

G. †Sauravus Thevenin 1906

G. †Scincosaurus Fric 1876

Fm. †Urocordylidae Lydekker 1889

G. †Ctenerpeton Cope 1897

Subfm. †Sauropleurinae Carroll et al. 1998

Subfm. †Urocordylinae Carroll et al. 1998

G. †Orthocosta Fritsch 1883

†Orthocosta microscopa Fritsch 1883

G. †Seelya Fritsch 1883

†Seelya pusilla Fritsch 1883

G. †Limnopus Marsh 1894

†Limnopus glenshawensis Raw 1919

†Limnopus heterodactylus King 1845

†Limnopus littoralis Marsh 1894

Invalid names: Baropus lentus Marsh 1894 [synonym]

†Limnopus mcnaughtoni Matthew 1903

†Limnopus vagus Marsh 1894

†Limnopus zeilleri Delage 1912

Invalid names: Baropus Marsh 1894 [synonym], Thenaropus King 1845 [synonym]

G. †Matthewichnus Haubold 1970

†Matthewichnus caudifer Kohl and Bryan 1994

G. †Palaeoherpeton Panchen 1970

†Palaeoherpeton decorum Watson 1926

Invalid names: Palaeogyrinus Watson 1926 [replaced]

G. †Quadropedia Aldrich and Jones 1930

†Quadropedia prima Aldrich and Jones 1930

G. †Ruecklinichnium Kuhn 1958

†Ruecklinichnium tridactylum Kuhn 1958

Or. †Temnospondyli von Zittel 1887

G. †Anthichnium Nopcsa 1923

†Anthichnium ichnops Nopcsa 1923

†Anthichnium obtusus Matthew 1904

†Anthichnium quadratum Matthew 1904

Unr. †Archegosauriformes Schoch and Milner 2000

Fm. †Actinodontidae Lydekker 1885

G. †Chelydosaurus Fritsch 1885

G. †Syndyodosuchus Konzhukova 1956

Fm. †Intasuchidae Konzhukova 1956

G. †Intasuchus Konzhukova 1956

Superfm. †Archegosauroidea von Meyer 1857

Fm. †Archegosauridae von Meyer 1857

G. †Bashkirosaurus Gubin 1981

G. †Collidosuchus Gubin 1986

G. †Kashmirosaurus Werneburg and Schneider 1996

Subfm. †Melosaurinae Fritsch

Subfm. †Platyoposaurinae Gubin 1991

G. †Platyoposaurus Lydekker 1889

G. †Platyops Twelvetrees 1880

Subfm. †Tryphosuchinae Golubev 1995

Invalid names: Archegosaurinae Lydekker 1885 [empty], Platyposaurinae Lydekker 1889 [empty]

Invalid names: Melosauridae Fritsch 1885 [empty]

G. †Baropezia Matthew 1903

†Baropezia eakini Gilmore 1926

†Baropezia sydnensis Dawson 1891

Invalid names: Baropezia abscissa Matthew 1904 [synonym]

G. †Capetus Steen 1938

†Capetus palustris Steen 1938

Superfm. †Edopoidea Romer 1945

Fm. †Cochleosauridae Broili 1923

G. †Adamanterpeton Milner and Sequeira 1998

G. †Chenoprosopus Mehl 1913

G. †Cochleosaurus Fritsch 1885

Invalid names: Gaudrya Fritsch 1885 [synonym], Nyrania Fritsch 1885 [synonym]

G. †Nigerpeton Sidor et al. 2005

G. †Procochleosaurus Sequeira 1996

Invalid names: Chenoprosopidae Langston 1953 [synonym], Cochleosaurinae Broili 1923 [empty], Nyraniidae Lydekker 1889 [synonym]

Fm. †Edopidae

G. †Edops Romer 1936

Superfm. †Edopsoidea Romer 1945

Invalid names: Batrachichnidae Haubold 1970 [empty]

G. †Episcopopus Ellenberger 1970

†Episcopopus ventrosus Ellenberger 1970

G. †Eurycervix Huene 1902

†Eurycervix posthumus Huene 1902

Unr. †Euskelia Yates and Warren 2000

Superfm. †Eryopoidea Säve-Söderbergh 1935

G. †Parabaropus Gilmore 1927

Invalid names: Parioxyidae Moustafa 1955 [empty]

Unr. †Eutemnospondyli Schoch 2013

G. †Balanerpeton Milner and Sequeira 1994

†Balanerpeton woodi Milner and Sequeira 1994

Fm. †Dendrerpetidae Fritsch 1885

G. †Dendrerpeton Owen 1853

Invalid names: Erpetocephalus Huxley 1867 [synonym]

G. †Dendrysekos Steen 1934

G. †Platystegos Dawson 1895

Unr. †Rhachitomi Cope 1882

Unr. †Dissorophoidea Bolt 1969

Unr. †Dvinosauria Warren 1998

Unr. †Eryopiformes Schoch 2013

G. †Macrerpeton Moodie 1909

G. †Macromerium Lydekker 1890

G. †Perryella Carlson 1987

G. †Potamochoston Steen 1938

G. †Sparagmites Fritsch 1885

Fm. †Zatracheidae Williston 1910

Invalid names: Acanthostomatidae Steen [synonym]

Invalid names: Micropholoidea Romer 1947 [empty]

G. †Hemiprichisaurus Kuhn 1939

†Hemiprichisaurus keuperinus Kuhn 1939

G. †Hylopus Dawson 1894

†Hylopus hardingi Dawson 1895

†Hylopus logani Dawson 1894

†Hylopus minor Dawson 1895

†Hylopus variabilis Matthew 1910

Unr. Lissamphibia Haeckel 1866

Fm. †Albanerpetontidae Fox and Naylor 1982

G. †Albanerpeton Estes and Hoffstetter 1976

G. †Anoualerpeton Gardner et al. 2003

G. †Celtedens McGowan and Evans 1995

G. †Nukusurus Nessov 1981

G. †Shirerpeton Matsumoto and Evans 2018

G. †Wesserpeton Sweetman and Gardner 2013

G. †Yaksha Daza et al. 2020

Unr. Batrachia Macartney 1802

Unr. Caudata Scopoli 1777 [salamander]

Or. Salientia Laurenti 1768 [frogs and relatives]

Invalid names: Gymnophidia Cope 1869 [empty], Trachystomata [empty]

Unr. Gymnophionomorpha Marjanović and Laurin 2008

G. †Eocaecilia Jenkins and Walsh 1993

G. †Funcusvermis Kligman et al. 2023

Or. Gymnophiona Rafinesque 1814 [caecilian]

G. †Rubricacaecilia Evans and Sigogneau-Russell 2001

Invalid names: Allocaudata Fox and Naylor 1982 [empty], Paratoidea Gardiner 1982 [empty]

Fm. †Lysipterygiidae Branson 1935

G. †Lysipterygium Branson 1935

†Lysipterygium risinense Wadia and Swinton 1928

Invalid names: Lysipterygium detarrai Branson 1935 [synonym]

G. †Megapezia Matthew 1903

†Megapezia pineoi Matthew 1903

G. †Miobatrachus Watson 1941

†Miobatrachus romeri Watson 1941

G. †Nanopus Marsh 1894

†Nanopus caudatus Marsh 1894

†Nanopus reidiae Haubold et al. 2005

†Nanopus vetustus Matthew 1910

Invalid names: Allopus Marsh 1894 [synonym]

G. †Orthosauriscus Kuhn 1933

G. †Palaeosauropus Hay 1902

†Palaeosauropus antiquior Dawson 1882

†Palaeosauropus primaevus Lea 1849

†Palaeosauropus triasicus Biron and Dutuit 1981

Invalid names: Sauropus Lea 1849 [replaced]

G. †Palatinerpeton Boy 1996

†Palatinerpeton kraetschmeri Boy 1996

G. †Pleuronoura Gaudry 1879

Invalid names: Pleuronoura pellati Schoch and Milner 2014 [nomen dubium]

G. †Porierpeton Fritsch 1885

Invalid names: Porierpeton nitens Fritsch 1885 [nomen dubium]

Superfm. †Rhinesuchoidea

Invalid names: Peltobatrachidae Kuhn 1960 [empty]

G. †Rileymillerus Bolt and Chatterjee 2000

†Rileymillerus cosgriffi Bolt and Chatterjee 2000

G. †Saharastega Sidor et al. 2005

†Saharastega moradiensis Sidor et al. 2005

G. †Temnocorpichnus Lucas et al. 2010

†Temnocorpichnus isaacleai Lucas et al. 2010

Invalid names: Almasauroidea [empty], Arkanserpeton Lane 1932 [nomen dubium], Arkanserpeton arcuatum Lane 1932 [nomen dubium], Colosteoidea [empty], Hesperoherpeton Peabody 1958 [nomen dubium], Ichthyostegalia Save-Soderbergh 1932 [empty], Labyrinthodon laniarius Owen 1842 [nomen vanum], Labyrinthodon pachygnathus Owen 1841 [nomen vanum], Labyrinthodon ventricosus Owen 1841 [nomen vanum], Limnarchia Yates and Warren 2000 [empty], Otuminisaurus Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Otuminisaurus limensis Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Petrophryne major Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Phrynosuchus Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Phrynosuchus whaitsi Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Ptychosphenodon Seeley 1907 [nomen dubium], Ptychosphenodon browni Seeley 1907 [nomen dubium], Saurischiocomes Kuhn 1939 [nomen dubium], Saurischiocomes keuperinus Kuhn 1939 [nomen dubium], Syphonodon Seeley 1908 [nomen dubium], Syphonodon thecomastodon Seeley 1908 [nomen dubium], Zatrachys conchigerus Cope 1896 [nomen dubium]

Subcl. Urodelomorpha Huene 1948

Invalid names: Pseudocentrophori Huene 1954 [empty]

Invalid names: Phractamphibia Haeckel 1866 [empty], Sterrichrotes Ritgen 1828 [empty], Strepsichrotes Ritgen 1828 [empty]

G. †Antlerpeton Thomson et al. 1998

†Antlerpeton clarkii Thomson et al. 1998

G. †Aytonerpeton Clack et al. 2016

†Aytonerpeton microps Clack et al. 2016

Superfm. †Baphetoidea Cope 1875

Fm. †Baphetidae Cope 1875

Subfm. †Baphetinae Cope 1875

G. †Baphetes Owen 1854

†Baphetes kirkbyi Watson 1929

Invalid names: Baphetes latirostris Watson 1929 [objective synonym]

†Baphetes orientalis Milner et al. 2009

†Baphetes planiceps Owen 1854

Invalid names: Baphetes minor Dawson 1870 [nomen dubium]

Invalid names: Loxommatidae Watson 1917 [objective synonym]

G. †Eucritta Clack 1998

†Eucritta melanolimnetes Clack 1998

Fm. †Spathicephalidae Beaumont 1977

G. †Spathicephalus Watson 1928

†Spathicephalus marsdeni Smithson et al. 2017

†Spathicephalus mirus Watson 1929

†Spathicephalus pereger Baird 1962

G. †Brittagnathus Ahlberg and Clack 2020

†Brittagnathus minutus Ahlberg and Clack 2020

Fm. †Caerorhachidae

G. †Caerorhachis Holmes and Carroll 1977

†Caerorhachis bairdi Holmes and Carroll 1977

G. †Casineria Paton et al. 1999

†Casineria kiddi Paton et al. 1999

G. †Characichnos Whyte and Romano 2001

†Characichnos tridactylus Whyte and Romano 2001

Subor. †Chroniosuchia Tatarinov 1972

Fm. †Bystrowianidae Vjushkov 1957

Subfm. †Axitectinae Shishkin et al. 2014

G. †Axitectum Shishkin and Novikov 1992

†Axitectum georgi Novikov and Shishkin 2000

†Axitectum vjushkovi Shishkin and Novikov 1992

Invalid names: Axitectum blomi Shishkin and Novikov 1992 [synonym], Axitectum blomi Shishkin and Novikov 1992 [synonym]

†Axitectum vjushkovi Shishkin and Novikov 1992

Invalid names: Axitectum blomi Shishkin and Novikov 1992 [synonym], Axitectum blomi Shishkin and Novikov 1992 [synonym]

Subfm. †Bystrowianinae Vjuschkov 1957

G. †Bystrowiana Vjuschkov 1957

†Bystrowiana permica Vjushkov 1957

†Bystrowiana sinica Young 1979

G. †Bystrowiella Witzmann et al. 2008

†Bystrowiella schumanni Witzmann et al. 2008

G. †Synesuchus Novikov and Shishkin 2000

†Synesuchus muravjevi Novikov and Shishkin 2000

G. †Vyushkoviana Shishkin et al. 2014

†Vyushkoviana operta Shishkin et al. 2014

G. †Yumenerpeton Jiang et al. 2017

†Yumenerpeton yangi Jiang et al. 2017

Subfm. †Dromotectinae Shishkin et al. 2014

G. †Dromotectum Novikov and Shishkin 2000

†Dromotectum abditum Shishkin et al. 2014

†Dromotectum largum Liu et al. 2014

†Dromotectum spinosum Novikov and Shishkin 2000

G. †Hassiacoscutum Witzmann et al. 2019

†Hassiacoscutum munki Witzmann et al. 2019

G. †Jiyuanitectum Liu et al. 2014

†Jiyuanitectum flatum Liu et al. 2014

Fm. †Chroniosuchidae Vjushkov 1957

G. †Chroniosaurus Tverdokhlebova 1972

†Chroniosaurus dongusensis Tverdochlebova 1972

Invalid names: Jugosuchus boreus Ivakhnenko 1980 [synonym], Jugosuchus hartmanni Ivakhnenko 1980 [synonym]

†Chroniosaurus levis Golubev 1998

G. †Chroniosuchus Vjuschkov 1957

†Chroniosuchus licharevi Riabinin 1962

†Chroniosuchus paradoxus Vjushkov 1957

†Chroniosuchus vjuschkovi Tverdochlebova 1967

Invalid names: Jugosuchus Riabinin 1962 [synonym]

G. †Ingentidens Li and Cheng 1999

Invalid names: Ingentidens corridoricus Li and Cheng 1999 [nomen dubium]

G. †Jarilinus Golubev 1998

†Jarilinus mirabilis Vjuschkov 1957

G. †Madygenerpeton Schoch et al. 2010

†Madygenerpeton pustulatus Schoch et al. 2010

G. †Phratochronis Li and Cheng 1999

Invalid names: Phratochronis qilianensis Li and Cheng 1999 [nomen dubium]

G. †Suchonica Golubev 1999

†Suchonica vladimiri Golubev 1999

G. †Uralerpeton Golubev 1998

†Uralerpeton tverdochlebovae Golubev 1998

G. †Laosuchus Arbez et al. 2019

†Laosuchus hun Liu and Chen 2021

†Laosuchus naga Arbez et al. 2019

G. †Collettosaurus Cox 1874

†Collettosaurus indianaensis Cox 1874

Invalid names: Notamphibia Butts 1891 [synonym]

Fm. †Colosteidae Cope 1875

G. †Colosteus Cope 1869

†Colosteus scutellatus Cope 1869

Invalid names: Colosteus crassiscutatus Cope 1869 [synonym]

G. †Deltaherpeton Bolt and Lombard 2010

†Deltaherpeton hiemstrae Bolt and Lombard 2010

G. †Greererpeton Romer 1969

†Greererpeton burkemorani Romer 1969

G. †Ichthyerpeton Huxley 1867

†Ichthyerpeton squamosum Moodie 1909

Invalid names: Ichthyerpeton bradleyae Huxley 1867 [nomen dubium]

G. †Pholidogaster Huxley 1862

†Pholidogaster pisciformis Huxley 1862

Invalid names: Otocratia modesta Watson 1929 [objective synonym]

Invalid names: Pholidogasteridae Watson 1917 [objective synonym]

Fm. †Crassigyrinidae Huene 1948

G. †Crassigyrinus Watson 1926

†Crassigyrinus scoticus Watson 1929

Invalid names: Macromerium scoticum Lydekker 1890 [objective synonym]

G. †Crucipes Butts 1891

†Crucipes parva Butts 1891

G. †Diploradus Clack et al. 2016

†Diploradus austiumensis Clack et al. 2016

G. †Dipodiscus Ellenberger 1970

†Dipodiscus dubius Ellenberger 1970

†Dipodiscus insecctivorus Ellenberger 1970

†Dipodiscus pokanensis Ellenberger 1970

†Dipodiscus priscus Ellenberger 1970

†Dipodiscus saltator Ellenberger 1970

G. †Doragnathus Smithson 1980

†Doragnathus woodi Smithson 1980

G. †Eldeceeon Smithson 1993

†Eldeceeon rolfei Smithson 1993

Subor. †Embolomeri

Fm. †Anthracosauridae Cope 1875

G. †Anthracosaurus Huxley 1863

†Anthracosaurus lancifer Newberry 1856

†Anthracosaurus russelli Huxley 1863

G. †Eobaphetes Moodie 1916

†Eobaphetes kansensis Moodie 1911

Superfm. †Anthracosauroidea Cope 1872

Fm. †Cricotidae Cope 1884

G. †Cricotillus Case 1902

†Cricotillus brachydens Case 1902

Fm. †Eogyrinidae Watson 1929

G. †Aversor Gubin 1985

†Aversor dmitrievi Gubin 1985

G. †Calligenethlon Steen 1934

†Calligenethlon watsoni Steen 1934

G. †Carbonoherpeton Klembara 1985

G. †Diplovertebron Fritsch 1879

†Diplovertebron punctatum Fritsch 1879

G. †Leptophractus Cope 1873

†Leptophractus obsoletus Cope 1873

G. †Neopteroplax Romer 1963

†Neopteroplax conemaughensis Romer 1963

†Neopteroplax relictus Romer 1963

G. †Nummulosaurus Fritsch 1901

†Nummulosaurus kolbii Fritsch 1900

G. †Pholiderpeton Huxley 1869

†Pholiderpeton attheyi Watson 1926

†Pholiderpeton bretonense Romer 1958

†Pholiderpeton scutigerum Huxley 1869

Invalid names: Eogyrinus Watson 1926 [synonym]

G. †Pteroplax Hancock and Atthey 1868

†Pteroplax cornutus Hancock and Atthey 1868

Invalid names: Otocratiidae Watson 1926 [empty], Palaeogyrinidae Watson 1926 [empty]

G. †Seroherpeton Chen and Liu 2020

†Seroherpeton yangquanensis Chen and Liu 2020

Invalid names: Loxommatoidea Watson 1926 [empty]

G. †Erpetopus Moodie 1929

†Erpetopus willistoni Moodie 1929

Invalid names: Microsauropus acutipes Moodie 1929 [synonym], Microsauropus clarki Moodie 1929 [synonym], Microsauropus orthodactylus Moodie 1930 [synonym], Microsauropus parvus Moodie 1930 [synonym]

G. †Gaiasia Marsicano et al. 2024

†Gaiasia jennyae Marsicano et al. 2024

Cl. †Hemispondyla Jaekel 1909

Invalid names: Acanthostomi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Plagiosterni Jaekel 1911 [empty], Sclerocephali Jaekel 1911 [empty], Trematocephali Jaekel 1911 [empty]

G. †Kirktonecta Clack 2011

†Kirktonecta milnerae Clack 2011

G. †Koilops Clack et al. 2016

†Koilops herma Clack et al. 2016

G. †Laoporus Lull 1918

†Barypodus gravis junior Schmidt 1959

†Laoporus ambiguus Jardine 1853

†Laoporus coloradensis Henderson 1924

†Laoporus gravis Schmidt 1959

†Barypodus gravis major Schmidt 1959

†Laoporus matheri Gilmore 1926

†Laoporus maximus Gilmore 1927

†Laoporus medius Gilmore 1927

†Laoporus merriami Gilmore 1926

†Laoporus metszeri Gilmore 1927

†Laoporus noblei Lull 1918

†Laoporus palmatus Gilmore 1926

†Laoporus schucherti Lull 1918

†Laoporus tridactylus Gilmore 1927

Invalid names: Agostopus Gilmore 1926 [synonym], Barypodus Gilmore 1926 [synonym], Palaeopus Gilmore 1926 [synonym]

G. †Lunaepes Demathieu and Gand 1995

†Lunaepes fragilis Demathieu and Gand 1995

†Lunaepes ollierorum Gand et al. 2000

G. †Merifontichnus Gand et al. 2000

†Merifontichnus thalerius Gand et al. 2000

G. †Mesanerpeton Smithson and Clack 2018

†Mesanerpeton woodi Smithson and Clack 2018

G. †Microsauropus Moodie 1929

G. †Ossirarus Clack et al. 2016

†Ossirarus kierani Clack et al. 2016

G. †Paleosauropus Lea 1849

G. †Parmastega Beznosov et al. 2019

†Parmastega aelidae Beznosov et al. 2019

G. †Perittodus Clack et al. 2016

†Perittodus apsconditus Clack et al. 2016

G. †Reniformichnus Krummeck and Bordy 2017

†Reniformichnus katikatii Krummeck and Bordy 2017

Unr. Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh 1934

Unr. Anthracosauria Säve-Söderbergh 1934

Subcl. †Amphibiosauria Kuhn 1967

Invalid names: Batrachosauria Efremov 1946 [replaced]

Subor. †Diplomeri Romer 1964

Invalid names: Diplovertebrontidae [empty]

Unr. †Embolomera Cope 1880

Fm. †Archeriidae Kuhn 1965

G. †Cricotus Cope 1875

G. †Spondylerpeton Moodie 1912

Fm. †Eoherpetontidae

G. †Eoherpeton Panchen 1975

†Eoherpeton watsoni Panchen 1975

Subor. †Gephyrostegida

Fm. †Gephyrostegidae Jaekel 1909

G. †Bruktererpeton Boy and Bandel 1973

G. †Eusauropleura Romer 1930

G. †Gephyrostegus Jaekel 1902

Fm. †Proterogyrinidae Romer 1970

G. †Papposaurus Watson 1914

†Papposaurus traquairi Watson 1914

G. †Proterogyrinus Romer 1970

†Proterogyrinus scheelei Romer 1970

Invalid names: Mauchchunkia bassa Hotton, III 1970 [synonym]

Invalid names: Mauchchunkia Hotton, III 1970 [synonym]

Invalid names: Anthracosaurida [synonym], Gephyrostegoidea [empty], Mauchchunkiidae Hotton, III 1970 [empty], Schizomeri Romer 1964 [empty], Seymouriamorphoidea [empty]

G. †Sigournea Bolt and Lombard 2006

†Sigournea multidentata Bolt and Lombard 2006

G. †Silvanerpeton Clack 1994

†Silvanerpeton miripedes Clack 1994

G. †Solenodonsaurus Broili 1924

†Solenodonsaurus janenschi Broili 1924

G. †Tambachichnium Müller 1954

†Tambachichnium schmidti Müller 1954

G. †Tantallognathus Chen et al. 2018

†Tantallognathus woodi Chen et al. 2018

G. †Theriodesmus Seeley 1888

†Theriodesmus phylarchus Seeley 1888

G. †Typopus Hitchcock 1845

†Typopus abnormis Hitchcock 1844

†Typopus gracilis Hitchcock 1858

G. †Westlothiana Smithson and Rolfe 1990

†Westlothiana lizziae Smithson and Rolfe 1990

Fm. †Whatcheeriidae Clack 2002

G. †Occidens Clack and Ahlberg 2004

†Occidens portlocki Clack and Ahlberg 2004

G. †Ossinodus Warren and Turner 2004

†Ossinodus pueri Warren and Turner 2004

G. †Pederpes Clack 2002

†Pederpes finneyae Clack 2002

G. †Whatcheeria Lombard and Bolt 1995

†Whatcheeria deltae Lombard and Bolt 1995

Invalid names: Austrobrachyops Colbert and Cosgriff 1974 [nomen dubium], Austrobrachyops jenseni Colbert and Cosgriff 1974 [nomen dubium], Janusichnus Ceoloni et al. 1988 [nomen dubium], Janusichnus bifrons Ceoloni et al. 1988 [nomen dubium], Limnosceloides Romer 1952 [nomen dubium], Limnosceloides brachycoles Langston 1966 [nomen dubium], Limnosceloides dunkardensis Romer 1952 [nomen dubium], Miosauria Jaekel 1911 [empty], Namuncurania malarguense Rusconi 1943 [nomen vanum], Nasopus grimmi Leonardi 1951 [nomen dubium], Nothosaurops occiduus Leidy 1870 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus vaccinsulensis Cope 1876 [nomen vanum], Polyptychodon mackesoni Owen 1884 [nomen vanum], Romeriscus Baird and Carroll 1967 [nomen dubium], Romeriscus periallus Baird and Carroll 1967 [nomen dubium], Saurichnium parallelum Gürich 1926 [nomen dubium], Solidopus Moodie 1930 [nomen dubium], Solidopus perissodactylus Moodie 1930 [nomen dubium], Tetrapodium Gürich 1926 [nomen dubium], Thecodontichnus Huene 1941 [nomen dubium], Wangwusaurus Young 1979 [nomen dubium], Wangwusaurus tayuensis Young 1979 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available