Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Carinacea

Echinoidea

Taxonomy
Carinacea was named by Kroh and Smith (2010). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Kroh and Smith (2010).

It was assigned to Acroechinoidea by Kroh and Smith (2010).

Subtaxa
Calycina, Hemicidaridae, Irregularia, Orthopsidae, Pseudodiadematidae
Sister taxa
Calycina, Irregularia

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2010Carinacea Kroh and Smith p. 170

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
RankNameAuthor
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Carinacea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Carinacea Kroh and Smith 2010
show all | hide all
Unr. Calycina Gregory 1900
+
Subor. †Phymosomatoida Mortensen 1904
+
G. †Cottaldia Desor 1856
+
†Cottaldia benettiae Koenig 1825
+
Invalid names: Cottaldia rotula Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cotteaudia [nomen vanum]
Fm. †Diplopodiidae Gregory 1900
+
+
Subg. †Diplopodia (Pseudodiadema) Desor 1858
†Diplopodia streeruvitzi Cragin 1893
†Diplopodia taffi Gragin 1893
Fm. †Emiratiidae Ali 1990
+
G. †Emiratia Ali 1990
+
Fm. †Heterodiadematidae Smith and Wright 1993
+
G. †Loriolidiadema Abdelhamid et al. 2016
+
†Loriolidiadema libanoticum de Loriol 1887
Fm. †Phymosomatidae Pomel 1883
+
+
†Actinophyma spectabile Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
+
Invalid names: Cyphosoma persicum Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym]
G. †Cosmocyphus Pomel 1883
+
†Cosmocyphus krimicus Weber 1934
+
Invalid names: Rachiosoma gigasei Geys 1983 [synonym]
†Cosmocyphus saemanni Coquand 1860
G. †Dixieus
G. †Gauthieria Lambert 1891
+
†Gauthieria menuthiae Lambert and Thiery 1911
†Gauthieria mosae Geys 1980
†Gauthieria pseudoradiata Schluter 1883
†Gauthieria radiata Sorignet 1850
†Gauthieria sanchezi Lambert 1921
†Gauthieria spatulifera Forbes 1850
†Gauthieria speciosa Clark 1801
G. Glyptocidaris Agassiz 1853
+
Subg. †Glyptocidaris (Eoglyptocidaris) Nisiyama 1966
G. †Glyptocyphus Pomel 1883
G. †Micropsis
+
†Micropsis desori Leymerie and Cotteau 1856
†Micropsis lineatus Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Phymosoma Haime 1853
+
†Phymosoma baylei Cotteay 1864
†Phymosoma binexilis White 1887
†Phymosoma corneti Cotteau 1874
†Phymosoma dixie Cooke 1941
†Phymosoma gehrdenense Schluter 1881
†Phymosoma gigantea Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Phymosoma hexoaporum Lambert 1927
+
Invalid names: Phymosoma paronai Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym]
†Phymosoma hilli Clark 1891
†Phymosoma peloria Arnold and Clark 1927
†Phymosoma princeps von Hagenow 1840
Invalid names: Cyphosoma Agassiz 1838 [replaced]
G. †Plistophyma Peron and Gauthier 1881
+
†Plistophyma asiaticum Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
†Plistophyma cubense Egozcue 1897
G. †Polyplacidia Poretskaya 1968
G. †Porosoma Cotteau 1856
+
†Porosoma cribrum Agassiz 1840
†Porosoma fifei Wagner 1972
†Porosoma lamberti Checchia-Rispoli 1950
†Porosoma maeandrinum Schluter 1881
†Porosoma reesidei Cooke 1953
Invalid names: Coptosoma Desor 1855 [replaced], Microsoma Cotteau 1886 [synonym]
G. †Rachiosoma Pomel 1883
+
†Rachiosoma corollare Leske 1778
+
Invalid names: Cidarites granulosum Goldfuss 1826 [synonym], Echinites saxatilis Parkinson 1811 [synonym]
†Rachiosoma hondoensis Cooke 1953
†Rachiosoma mortoni de Loriol 1887
Invalid names: Pomelechinus Checchia-Rispoli 1946 [objective synonym]
G. †Thylechinus Pomel 1883
G. †Winkleria
+
Invalid names: Phymosomatinae Pomel 1883 [empty]
+
†Trochotiara kongieli Radwanska 1999
†Trochotiara pucaensis Fritzsche 1924
†Trochotiara suleiovense Radwanska 1999
†Trochotiara superbum Agassiz 1840
Invalid names: Polydiadematidae Hess 1972 [empty]
Or. Salenioida Delage and Hérouard 1903
+
Fm. †Acrosaleniidae Gregory 1900
+
G. †Acrosalenia Agassiz 1840
+
†Acrosalenia lycetti Wright 1851
†Acrosalenia spinosa Agassiz 1847
G. †Heterosalenia Cotteau
Tr. †Holosaleniini Smith and Wright 1990
+
G. †Holosalenia Smith and Wright 1990
G. †Milnia Haime 1849
+
†Pseudosalenia malogostiana Radwanska 1999
+
†Recrosalenia somaliensis Currie 1935
Fm. †Hyposaleniidae Mortensen 1934
+
G. †Goniophorus Agassiz 1838
G. †Hyposalenia Desor 1858
+
†Hyposalenia heliophora Agassiz and Desor 1846
+
Invalid names: Peltastes heliophorus Desor 1864 [synonym], Peltastes ultimus Ravn 1928 [synonym]
G. †Peltastes Agassiz 1838
Fm. Saleniidae Agassiz 1838
+
G. Salenia Gray 1835
+
Subg. †Salenia (Pleurosalenia) De Loriol 1902
†Salenia ameri Lambert 1925
†Salenia anthophora Muller 1847
†Salenia belgica Lambert 1887
+
Invalid names: Salenia desori Lambert 1911 [synonym]
†Salenia buddyi Osborn et al. 2016
†Salenia cascadensis Linder et al. 1988
†Salenia cherei Geys 1982
†Salenia heberti Cotteau 1861
†Salenia hondoensis Cooke 1953
†Salenia mexicana Schulter 1910
†Salenia microprocta Smith 1995
†Salenia minima Desor 1846
†Salenia novemprovincialis Nisiyama 1966
†Salenia nutrix Peron and Gauthier 1881
+
Invalid names: Salenia cossiaea Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Salenia lamberti Checchia-Rispoli 1932 [synonym]
†Salenia obnupta Schluter 1892
†Salenia schencki Zullo et al. 1964
Salenia scrippsae Zullo et al. 1964
†Salenia scutigera Munster 1826
†Salenia sigillata Schluter 1892
+
Invalid names: Salenia rutoti Lambert 1911 [synonym]
†Salenia texana Credner 1891
†Salenia tumidula Clark 1801
+
Invalid names: Salenia bellula Clark 1801 [synonym]
G. †Salenidia Pomel 1883
+
†Salenidia bonissenti Cotteau 1866
†Salenidia maestrichtensis Schluter 1892
†Salenidia sanctipetri Geys 1979
†Salenidia schlueteri Lambert 1911
Subfm. Saleniinae Agassiz 1838
+
Tr. Saleniini Agassiz 1838
Invalid names: Saleninae Agassiz [empty]
Invalid names: Goniophoridae Smith and Wright 1990 [empty], Pseudosaleniidae Vadet 1999 [empty]
G. †Salenocidaris Agassiz 1869
+
†Salenocidaris hakkaidoensis De Loriol 1902
†Salenocidaris obnupta Schlüter 1892
Fm. †Hemicidaridae Wright 1857
+
G. †Gymnocidaris Agassiz 1838
+
†Gymnocidaris cossmanni Lambert 1900
†Gymnocidaris pustulosa Agassiz 1846
G. †Hemicidaris Agassiz 1838
+
†Hemicidaris abyssinica Blanford 1870
†Hemicidaris alpina Agassiz 1840
†Hemicidaris confluens M'Coy 1848
†Hemicidaris granulosa Wright 1851
†Hemicidaris icaunensis Cotteau 1849
†Hemicidaris intermedia Fleming 1828
†Hemicidaris koechlini Cotteau 1862
G. †Hemitiaris Pomel 1883
G. †Hessotiara Pomel 1883
G. †Leptarbacia Clark and Twitchell 1915
+
†Leptarbacia argutus Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Plesiocidaris Pomel 1883
+
†Pseudocidaris ellenbecki Dacque 1905
†Pseudocidaris simulans Nisiyama 1950
†Pseudocidaris thurmanni Agassiz 1840
+
Invalid names: Hemicidaris mammosa Agassiz 1840 [synonym]
G. †Sphaerotiaris Lambert and Thiéry 1914
+
†Sphaerotiaris quenstedti Merian 1856
+
Invalid names: Pseudocidaris subcrenularis Gauthier 1873 [synonym]
Unr. Irregularia Latreille 1825
+
Unr. Atelostomata von Zittel 1879
+
G. †Aulacopygus Pomel 1883
+
†Aulacopygus caudatus Wright 1852
Fm. †Collyritidae d'Orbigny 1853
+
G. †Grasia
G. †Pygomalus
+
†Pygomalus analis Agassiz 1835
+
Invalid names: Collyrites faba Desor 1858 [synonym]
†Pygomalus ovalis Leske 1778
+
Invalid names: Dysaster robinaldinus Cotteau 1851 [synonym]
Fm. †Disasteridae Gras 1848
+
G. †Acrolusia
G. †Corthya
G. †Disaster
+
†Disaster granulosus Goldfuss 1827
†Disaster moeschi Desor 1858
†Disaster subelongatus d'Orbigny 1853
Invalid names: Dysaster Agassiz 1839 [nomen vanum]
Subfm. †Disasterinae Gras 1848
+
G. †Oustechinus Lambert 1931
Subfm. †Pygorhytinae Lambert 1909
+
Or. Holasteroida Durham and Melville 1957
+
Fm. Calymnidae Mortensen 1907
+
G. Calymne Thomson 1877
G. †Coraster
+
†Coraster vilanovae Cotteau 1886
+
Invalid names: Coraster frechi Boehm 1927 [synonym], Coraster marsooi Seunes 1888 [synonym], Coraster munieri Seunes 1888 [synonym], Coraster sphaericus Seunes 1888 [synonym], Coraster urmaensis Moskvin 1982 [synonym]
G. †Coryslus
G. †Eoholaster Solovjev 1989
+
†Eoholaster laffittei Devries 1960
†Eoholaster poslavskae Solovjev 1989
Subor. †Meridosternata Lovèn 1883
+
Infraor. †Cardiasterina Pomel 1883
Fm. †Holasteridae Pictet 1857
Infraor. Urechinina Clark 1946
Invalid names: Echinocorythidae Wright 1857 [empty]
G. †Physaster Pomel 1883
G. †Pomaster
G. †Pseudholaster Pomel 1883
+
†Pseudholaster barthouxi Fourtau 1921
†Pseudholaster bicarinatus Agassiz 1847
+
Invalid names: Holaster lerichei Dartevelle 1953 [synonym], Pseudholaster androaviensis Lambert 1933 [synonym]
G. †Smithiaster Barras 2007
+
†Smithiaster loryi Gras 1852
Fm. †Stenonasteridae Lambert 1922
+
G. †Stenonaster Lambert 1922
Invalid names: Hemipneustidae Lambert 1917 [empty], Pseudholasteridae Smith and Jeffery 2000 [empty]
G. †Notidisaster Smith and Crame 2012
+
†Notidisaster subitus Smith and Crame 2012
G. †Orbigniana Ebray 1860
+
†Orbignyana canaliculata Quenstedt 1852
†Orbignyana ebrayi Cotteau 1872
Or. Spatangoida Agassiz 1840 [heart urchin]
+
G. †Amoraster
G. Archaeopneustes Gregory 1892
G. †Barnumia Cooke 1953
+
†Barnumia browni Cooke 1953
Subor. Brissidina Stockley et al. 2005
+
Fm. Asterostomatidae Pictet 1857 [heart urchin]
Fm. Brissidae Gray 1855
Fm. Palaeotropidae Lambert 1896
Superfm. Spatangidea Fischer 1966
Invalid names: Antillasteridae Lambert and Thiéry 1924 [empty]
G. †Brissoides Klein 1778
+
†Brissoides brevipetalum Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides cubensis Cotteau 1875
†Brissoides depressus Dubois 1843
†Brissoides elongatum Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides formosus de Lortiol 1881
†Brissoides herrerae Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides mayor Lambert 1922
†Brissoides munozi Lambert 1924
G. †Cagaster
Fm. †Echinocoridae Lambert 1917
+
Invalid names: Echinocorinae Lambert 1917 [empty]
Fm. Hemiasteridae Clark 1917
+
G. †Cheopsia
G. †Eoagassizia Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. Hemiaster Agassiz and Desor 1847 [heart urchin]
G. †Hypsopatagus Pomel 1869
G. †Mecaster Pomel 1883
G. †Periaster
G. †Psephoaster McNamara 1987
G. †Tripylaster Mortensen 1917
Subor. Hemiasterina Fischer 1966
+
Fm. Palaeostomatidae Lovèn 1868
G. Hypselaster Clark 1917
G. †Kertaster
G. †Leymeriaster Lambert and Thiéry 1924
+
†Leymeriaster eluvialis van der Ham 1995
Subor. Micrasterina Fischer 1966
+
Fm. Aeropsidae Lambert 1896
Fm. †Micrasteridae Lambert 1920
Invalid names: Ovulasteridae Lambert 1896 [empty], Plesiasteridae Lambert 1920 [empty]
G. †Mundaster
G. †Murraypneustes Holmes et al. 2005
+
†Murraypneustes biannulatus Holmes et al. 2005
G. †Niponaster Lambert 1920
G. †Orthaster
+
†Orthaster dagestanensis Moskvin 1982
+
Invalid names: Orthaster okhliensis Moskvin 1982 [synonym]
Subor. Paleopneustina Agassiz 1904
+
Superfm. Paleopneustidea Agassiz 1904
Fm. Prenasteridae Lambert 1905
Fm. Schizasteridae Lambert 1905
Invalid names: Periasteridae Lambert 1920 [empty]
G. †Peroniaster Gauthier 1887
+
†Peroniaster cotteaui Gauthier 1887
G. †Pliotoxaster Fourtau 1906
+
†Pliotoxaster collegnii Sismonda 1843
†Pliotoxaster dieneri de Loriol 1887
+
Invalid names: Pliotoxaster lyonsi Fourtau 1906 [synonym]
Fm. †Somaliasteridae Wagner and Durham 1966
+
G. Spatagobrissus Clark 1923
+
†Spatagobrissus dermodyorum Holmes et al. 2005
G. †Tessieria
Fm. †Toxasteridae Lambert 1920
+
G. †Adytaster
G. †Aphelaster Lambert 1920
G. †Enallaster d'Orbigny 1853
G. †Enallopneustes Pomel 1883
G. †Isaster
G. †Macraster Roemer 1888
G. †Polydesmaster Lambert 1920
G. †Toxaster Agassiz 1839
G. †Wuarnia
Invalid names: Asterostomatina Fischer 1966 [empty], Palaeostomidae Lovèn 1868 [empty], Toxasterina Fischer 1966 [empty]
Fm. †Tithoniidae Solovjev 1966
+
G. †Tetraromania Solovjev 1971
G. †Tithonia Pomel 1883
+
†Tithonia berriasensis de Loriol 1873
†Tithonia convexa Catullo 1827
†Tithonia exile Eichwald 1865
+
Invalid names: Tithonia heinzi Coquand 1880 [synonym]
†Tithonia munsteri Desor 1848
†Tithonia oxfordiana Gaillard et al. 2011
†Tithonia praeconvexa Jesionek-Szymanska 1963
†Tithonia transversa Cotteau 1867
Invalid names: Acrolusiidae Mintz 1968 [empty], Asternata [empty], Pycnasterides Pomel 1869 [empty], Sternata [empty]
Or. Echinoneoida Clark 1925
+
Superfm. †Conulidea Kroh and Smith 2010
+
Fm. †Conulidae Lambert 1911
+
G. †Conulus Leske 1778
G. †Globator Agassiz 1840
G. †Pygopyrina Pomel 1883
Invalid names: Galeritidae Gray 1825 [empty], Neoglobatoridae Endelman 1980 [empty]
Fm. Echinoneidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
+
G. †Amblypygus Agassiz 1840
+
Subg. †Amblypygus (Paramblypygus) Tessier and Roman 1973
†Amblypygus americanus Desor 1858
+
Invalid names: Amblypygus merrilli Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym]
†Amblypygus depressus Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Amblypygus subhemisphericus Israelsky 1923
G. Echinoneus Leske 1778
+
†Echinoneus burgeri Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Echinoneus orbicularis Desor 1846
†Echinoneus robustus Sanchez-Roig 1953
Invalid names: Koehleraster Lambert and Thiery 1921 [synonym]
G. †Paleoechinoneus Grant and Hertlein 1938
+
†Paleoechinoneus hannai Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. †Pygoyrina Pomel 1883
+
†Pygoyrina desmoulinsii Archiac 1847
G. †Pyrina Desmoulins
+
†Pyrina montainvillensis Sorignet 1850
†Pyrina parahybensis Maury 1930
†Pyrina parryi Hall 1857
G. †Rhopostoma Cooke 1959
Or. Holectypoida Duncan 1889
+
Fm. †Anorthopygidae Wagner and Durham 1966
+
+
†Anorthopygus orbicularis de Grateloup 1836
Fm. †Discoididae Lambert 1900
+
G. †Discoides Parkinson 1811
+
†Discoides decoratus Desor 1842
†Discoides infera Desor 1858
†Discoides minimus Agassiz 1840
†Discoides subuculus Leske 1778
Invalid names: Discoidea Agassiz 1835 [nomen vanum]
G. †Dixonia
G. †Lanieria Duncan 1889
+
†Lanieria lanieri Cotteau 1881
†Lanieria uvaldana Cooke 1953
+
†Echinogalerus bueltenensis Schluter 1902
†Echinogalerus gehrdensis Roemer 1841
†Echinogalerus goslariensis Schluter 1902
†Echinogalerus raingeardi Tessier and Roman 1973
Invalid names: Caratomus Desor 1842 [synonym]
G. †Galerites Lamarck 1801
+
†Galerites oregonensis Dana 1849
Invalid names: Adelopneustes Gauthier 1889 [synonym], Echinoconus d'Orbigny 1854 [synonym]
Fm. †Holectypidae Lambert 1900
+
G. †Coenholectypus Pomel 1883
+
†Coenholectypus excisus Desor 1847
†Coenholectypus inflatus Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
†Coenholectypus larteti Cotteau 1869
†Coenholectypus macropygus Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Holectypus adkinsi Smiser 1936 [synonym], Holectypus engerrandi Lambert 1927 [synonym], Holectypus pennanus White 1887 [synonym], Holectypus planatus Roemer 1852 [synonym]
+
†Coptodiscus noemiae Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
G. †Discholectypus Pomel 1883
+
†Holectypus cragini Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Holectypus montalvensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Holectypus pealei Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Holectypus sarthacensis Cotteau 1856
G. †Metholectypus Hawkins 1923
+
†Metholectypus trechmanni Hawkins 1923
Invalid names: Coenholectypidae Smith and Wright 1999 [empty], Conoclypina Haeckel 1896 [empty], Holectypina [empty]
Unr. Microstomata Smith 1984
+
Fm. †Desorellidae Lambert 1911
+
G. †Desorella Cotteau 1855
G. †Menopygus Pomel 1883
Fm. †Galeropygidae Lambert 1911
+
+
Invalid names: Ressopygus Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Hyboclypus Agassiz 1839
+
†Hyboclypus gibberulus Agassiz 1839
Unr. Neognathostomata Smith 1981
+
Fm. Apatopygidae Kier 1962
+
G. Apatopygus Hawkins 1920
Fm. †Archiaciidae Cotteau and Triger 1869
+
G. †Acriaster Smith 1991
G. †Archiacia Agassiz 1847
G. †Gentilia
+
Invalid names: Thomasaster Lambert 1920 [synonym]
G. †Bothryopneustes Fourtau 1924
+
†Bothryopneustes lamberti Forteau 1924
Invalid names: Clypeobrissus Currie 1925 [synonym]
Or. Cassiduloida Agassiz and Desor 1847
+
G. †Astropygaulus Checchia-Rispoli 1945
G. †Conoclypeus Davies
G. †Echinanthus Leske 1778
G. †Harduinia d'Archiac and Haime 1853
+
Invalid names: Clarkiella Lambert 1916 [synonym], Gonioclypeus Emmons 1858 [synonym]
Subor. Neolampadina Philip 1963
G. †Platypygus de Loriol 1902
G. †Procassidulus Lambert 1918
G. †Pygurostoma Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
Or. Clypeasteroida Agassiz 1836 [sand dollar]
+
Subor. Clypeasterina Agassiz 1872
Fm. †Conoclypeidae von Zittel 1879
Fm. †Faujasiidae Lambert 1905
Subor. Laganina Mortensen 1948
Fm. †Oligopygidae Duncan 1889
G. †Runa
Subor. Scutellina Haeckel 1896
G. †Tournoueraster Lambert 1914
Invalid names: Plesiolampadidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Rotulina Durham 1955 [empty]
Fm. †Clypeidae Lambert 1898
+
G. †Astrolampas Pomel 1883
G. †Clypeus Leske 1778
+
Invalid names: Auloclypeus Pomel 1883 [synonym], Dactyloclypeus Maccagno 1947 [synonym], Echinoclypeus De Blainville 1830 [synonym]
G. †Colliclypeus Smith 1991
G. †Pygurus Agassiz 1839
+
Invalid names: Echinopygus d'Orbigny 1856 [synonym]
Fm. †Clypeolampadidae Kier 1962
+
G. †Hungaresia Szorenyi 1955
G. †Vologesia
Or. Echinolampadoida Kroh and Smith 2010
+
Fm. Echinolampadidae Gray 1851
Fm. †Nucleolitidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
+
G. †Hemicara
G. †Heteronucleus Lambert 1911
G. †Nucleolites Lamarck 1801
+
Invalid names: Echinobrissus Gray 1825 [objective synonym]
G. †Oolopygus
G. †Phyllobrissus Cotteau 1859
+
Invalid names: Anthobrissus Pomel 1883 [synonym], Asterobrissus de Loriol 1888 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Dochmostoma Duncan 1891 [synonym], Trematopygus d'Orbigny 1857 [objective synonym]
G. †Pseudonucleus Lambert 1920
+
Invalid names: Neoclypeus de Loriol [synonym]
G. †Pygaulus
G. †Pygopistes Pomel
+
Invalid names: Botriopygus d'Orbigny 1855 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Pygaulidae Lambert 1905 [empty]
G. †Pygorhytis Pomel 1883
+
†Pygorhytis ringens Agassiz 1835
†Pygorhytis ringens wiekensis Jesionek-Szymanska 1963
Fm. †Pygasteridae Lambert 1900
+
G. †Pileus
G. †Plesiechinus Pomel 1883
+
†Plesiechinus hawkinsi Jesionek-Szymanska 1970
G. †Pygaster
+
†Pygaster umbrella Lamarck 1816
+
Invalid names: Pygaster welschi Gauthier 1889 [synonym]
Fm. †Orthopsidae Duncan 1889
+
G. †Echinopsis Agassiz 1840
+
†Echinopsis diatreta Morton 1833
G. †Orthopsis Cotteau 1864
+
†Orthopsis miliaris d'Archiac 1835
+
Invalid names: Cottaldia australis White 1887 [synonym], Diadema granulare Agassiz 1846 [synonym], Diadema kleinii Desmoulins 1837 [synonym], Diadema polystigma Agassiz 1840 [synonym], Hemipedina charltoni Cragin 1894 [synonym], Orthopsis morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Orthopsis planulata Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Orthopsis sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym], Pseudodiadema grangeri Maury 1936 [synonym]
†Orthopsis occidentalis Cragin 1893
Fm. †Pseudodiadematidae Pomel 1883
+
G. †Heterodiadema Cotteau 1864
+
†Heterodiadema libycum Agassiz and Desor 1846
†Heterodiadema ornatum Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Hypodiadema Desor 1858
+
†Hypodiadema balsami Stoppani 1865
†Hypodiadema elegans Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Loriolia
+
†Polydiadema joaquinensis Grant and Hertlein 1938
Invalid names: Girardema Vadet 1993 [synonym]
G. †Tetragramma Agassiz 1840
+
†Tetragramma deshayesi Cotteau 1864
+
Invalid names: Phymosoma braziliensis White 1887 [synonym]
†Tetragramma variolare Brongniart 1822
G. †Tiaromma
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: epifaunalc
Diet: grazerc
Diet 2: deposit feederc
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-28 12:05:24
Modified: 2010-02-12 04:00:29
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Jurassic to the top of the Holocene or 201.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.3 Ma

Collections (3421 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy Hypodiadema balsami (204938)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7United Arab Emirates Scaptodiadema matheyi (101400)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7Italy (Trento) Hypodiadema sp. (232110)
Jurassic201.4 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Holectypus pealei (203316)
Jurassic - Late/Upper Jurassic201.4 - 145.0Tunisia Monodiadema cotteaui (13862)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (England) Pseudodiadema sp. (140334)
Oxynotum196.5 - 189.6USA (Nevada) Plesiechinus hawkinsi (158314)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian189.6 - 183.0Italy (Varese) Hemicidaridae indet. (37504)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0Somalia Hypodiadema sp. (179136)
Toarcian182.7 - 174.1Saudi Arabia Acrosalenia sp. (48715)
Middle Jurassic174.7 - 161.5United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) Acrosalenia sp. (204056 204105) Nucleolites clunicularis, Clypeus sinuatus (204099)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4Luxembourg Trochotiara depressa, Menopygus nodoti, Aulacopygus caudatus (38549)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4France Hemicidaris sp., Pseudocidaris sp., Pseudodiadema sp. (21269)
Garantiana171.6 - 167.7Poland Orbignyana canaliculata (196448)
Late/Upper Bajocian171.6 - 167.7Switzerland Hessotiara koechlini, Asterocidaris granulosa, Acrosalenia bradfordensis, Polydiadema ambiguum, Nucleolites renggeri (32036)
Late/Upper Bajocian171.6 - 167.7Poland (Carpathians) Pygorhytis ringens (233504)
Parkinsoni171.6 - 167.7United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) Clypeus sinuatus, Discoidea depressa (196369)
Late/Upper Bajocian - Bathonian171.6 - 166.1Morocco Gymnocidaris pustulosa (68166)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Morocco Hemicidaris koechlini, Gymnocidaris pustulosa, Diplopodia morieii (68165)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3USA (California) Hemicidaris intumescens, Pseudodiadema emersoni (156330)