PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Psilopterus lemoinei

Reptilia - Theropoda - Phorusrhacidae

Taxonomy

Patagornis lemoinei was named by Moreno and Mercerat (1891). Its type specimen is Museo de La Plata, a limb element, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Monte Leon Fm - Monte Leon, which is in a Miocene marine siliciclastic in the Monte Leon Formation of Argentina.

It was recombined as Psilopterus lemoinei by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003), Gould and Quitmyer (2005), Bertelli et al. (2007), Vizcaíno et al. (2022) and Tambussi et al. (2023).

Synonyms

Staphylornis gallardoi was named by Mercerat (1897).

It was synonymized subjectively with Psilopterus lemoinei by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003).
Staphylornis erythacus was named by Mercerat (1897).

It was synonymized subjectively with Psilopterus lemoinei by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003).
Psilopterus australis was named by Moreno and Mercerat (1891). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Santa Cruz Formation, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

It was recombined as Pelecyornis australis by Ameghino (1894) and Lambrecht (1933); it was synonymized subjectively with Psilopterus lemoinei by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003).
Phororhacos modicus was named by Ameghino (1894). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Psilopterus lemoinei by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003).
Pelecyornis tubulatus was named by Ameghino (1894). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Psilopterus lemoinei by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1891	Patagornis lemoinei Moreno and Mercerat p. 23 figs. Plate XV, Fig. 4-6
1891	Psilopterus australis Moreno and Mercerat p. 26 figs. Plate XVIII, Fig. 10; Plate XX, Fig. 5
1891	Patagornis lemoinei Moreno and Mercerat p. 58 figs. Plate XV, Fig. 4-6
1891	Psilopterus australis Moreno and Mercerat p. 68
1894	Pelecyornis australis Ameghino
1894	Pelecyornis tubulatus Ameghino
1894	Phororhacos modicus Ameghino
1894	Pelecyornis tubulatus Ameghino p. 560 fig. 22
1897	Staphylornis erythacus Mercerat
1897	Staphylornis gallardoi Mercerat p. 233
1897	Staphylornis erythacus Mercerat p. 235
1933	Phororhacos modicus Lambrecht p. 504
1933	Pelecyornis australis Lambrecht p. 505
1933	Pelecyornis tubulatus Lambrecht p. 506
1933	Staphylornis gallardoi Lambrecht p. 514
2003	Psilopterus lemoinei Alvarenga and Holfing p. 81
2005	Psilopterus lemoinei Gould and Quitmyer p. 205 figs. Table 2
2007	Psilopterus lemoinei Bertelli et al. p. 415 figs. Table 2
2022	Psilopterus lemoinei Vizcaíno et al.
2023	Psilopterus lemoinei Tambussi et al. p. 276

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
order	Theropoda
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Neognathae	(Pycraft 1900)
—	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
—	Terrestrornithes
—	Telmatorae
superorder	Charadriimorphae	Huxley 1867
order	Gruiformes	Bonaparte 1854
suborder	Cariamae	Fürbringer 1888
family	Phorusrhacidae	()
subfamily	Psilopterinae	(Dolgopol de Saez 1927)
genus	Psilopterus
species	lemoinei	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Psilopterus lemoinei Moreno and Mercerat 1891

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Invalid names: Pelecyornis tubulatus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Phororhacos modicus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Psilopterus australis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Staphylornis erythacus Mercerat 1897 [synonym], Staphylornis gallardoi Mercerat 1897 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialf

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 19:06:43

Modified:

2009-01-03 21:06:43

Source: f = family, o = order

References: Witmer and Rose 1991, Marsh 1875

Age range: Santacrucian or 17.50000 to 16.30000 Ma

Collections (13 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Argentina	Patagornis lemoinei (type locality: 66154)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Psilopterus lemoinei (197691)
Santacrucian	17.5 - 16.3	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Psilopterus australis (176603) Psilopterus australis, Psilopterus lemoinei (27313) Psilopterus lemoinei (87314 142533 176564 176565 176566 176567 176578 176589 210787)