Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Holonema

Placodermi - Arthrodira - Holonematidae

Taxonomy
Holonema was named by Newberry (1890) [Sepkoski's age data: D Eife D Fras-m Sepkoski's reference number: 521]. It is not extant. Its type is Holonema rugosum.

It was assigned to Phyllolepidae by Woodward (1891), Hay (1902) and Jordan (1963); to Holonematidae by Denison (1978); and to Arthrodira by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1890Holonema Newberry
1891Holonema Woodward p. 314
1902Holonema Hay p. 350
1963Holonema Jordan p. 589
1978Holonema Denison
2002Holonema Sepkoski

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
RankNameAuthor
—Placodermiomorphi
classPlacodermiM'Coy 1848
orderArthrodiraWoodward 1891
suborderPhlyctaeninaMiles 1973
familyHolonematidaeObruchev 1932
genusHolonemaNewberry 1890

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Holonema Newberry 1890
show all | hide all
†Holonema arcticum Mark-Kurik 1975
†Holonema farrowi Stevens 1964
†Holonema haiti Denison 1968
†Holonema harmae Mark 1953
†Holonema horrida Cope 1892
†Holonema obrutshevi Mark 1953
†Holonema ornatum Traquair 1908
†Holonema radiatum Obruchev 1932
†Holonema rugosa Claypole 1883
†Holonema westolli Miles 1971
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2004-08-17 14:23:32
Modified: 2004-08-17 16:33:26
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Givetian to the top of the Famennian or 388.10000 to 358.90000 Ma

Collections (11 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Estonia H. sp. A Mark-Kurik (225794) H. sp. B Mark-Kurik (225793)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Estonia H. harmae (225851) H. obrutshevi (225804)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Latvia H. obrutshevi (225802 225850)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Iran H. sp. (226048)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (Pennsylvania) H. horrida, H. rugosa (164509)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (New South Wales) H. westolli (232510)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) H. sp., H. radiatum (226394)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9USA (Pennsylvania) H. rugosa (164511)