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Solnhofia
Taxonomy
Solnhofia was named by Gaffney (1975).
It was assigned to Chelonia by Carroll (1988); to Plesiochelyidae by De Broin (1994); to Pancryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Angolachelonia by Mateus et al. (2009); to Testudines by Anquetin et al. (2009); to Thalassemydidae by Karl et al. (2012); to Testudines by Pérez-García and Murelaga (2013) and Perea et al. (2014); to Eucryptodira by Gaffney (1975), Joyce (2007), Pérez-García et al. (2008), Pérez-García and Ortega (2011), Pérez-García (2012) and Puntener et al. (2014); to Eurysternidae by Lapparent de Broin et al. (1996), Joyce (2000) and Anquetin et al. (2017); and to Thalassochelydia by Anquetin and Püntener (2020).
It was assigned to Chelonia by Carroll (1988); to Plesiochelyidae by De Broin (1994); to Pancryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Angolachelonia by Mateus et al. (2009); to Testudines by Anquetin et al. (2009); to Thalassemydidae by Karl et al. (2012); to Testudines by Pérez-García and Murelaga (2013) and Perea et al. (2014); to Eucryptodira by Gaffney (1975), Joyce (2007), Pérez-García et al. (2008), Pérez-García and Ortega (2011), Pérez-García (2012) and Puntener et al. (2014); to Eurysternidae by Lapparent de Broin et al. (1996), Joyce (2000) and Anquetin et al. (2017); and to Thalassochelydia by Anquetin and Püntener (2020).
Species
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1975 | Solnhofia Gaffney p. 2 figs. 1-21 |
| 1988 | Solnhofia Carroll |
| 1994 | Solnhofia De Broin pp. 168, 170 figs. plate 1, fig. 2-6 |
| 1996 | Solnhofia Lapparent de Broin et al. pp. 554-555 |
| 2000 | Solnhofia Joyce p. 686 figs. 2-9 |
| 2007 | Solnhofia Joyce |
| 2008 | Solnhofia Danilov and Parham |
| 2008 | Solnhofia Pérez-García et al. |
| 2009 | Solnhofia Anquetin et al. |
| 2009 | Solnhofia Mateus et al. |
| 2011 | Solnhofia Pérez-García and Ortega |
| 2012 | Solnhofia Karl et al. |
| 2012 | Solnhofia Pérez-García |
| 2013 | Solnhofia Pérez-García and Murelaga |
| 2014 | Solnhofia Perea et al. |
| 2014 | Solnhofia Puntener et al. |
| 2017 | Solnhofia Anquetin et al. |
| 2020 | Solnhofia Anquetin and Püntener |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Solnhofia Gaffney 1975
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†Solnhofia brachyrhyncha Anquetin and Püntener 2020
†Solnhofia parsonsi Gaffney 1975
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. S. Gaffney 1975 | Cryptodire with complete secondary palate, elongate snout, and limited temporal emargination; nasals, prefrontals, frontals, and parietals meet in midline of skull roof; secondary palate comparable in extent with living cheloniids but not so extensive as in osteopygine toxochelyids; palate composed primarily of maxilla, vomer nearly hidden, palatines reduced compared with cheloniids; processus pterygoideus externus reduced as in living cheloniids, pterygoid lacking "waist," foramen palatinum posterius reduced to one or two small foramina; triturating surfaces smooth, broadly concave ventrally, lingual ridge absent; premaxillae extend anteriorly beyond edge of apertura narium externa; jugal widely exposed in orbital floor; foramen supramaxillare in jugal-palatine suture; processus trochlearis oticum more extensive than in most cryptodires, obscures foramen nervi trigemini in lateral view; basioccipital enters foramen magnum; exoccipital does not contact pterygoid; tuberculum basioccipitale better developed than in Chelydra, but not so extensive as in living cheloniids; foramen stapedio-temporale about twice the diameter of foramen posterior canalis carotici interni, agreeing with testudinoids but differing from trionychoids; foramen anterior canalis carotici interni joined into common opening before entering cavum cranii in posterior part of sella turcica; canalis caroticus lateralis with posterior opening on ventral surface of the skull not found in other turtles; rostrum basisphenoidale short compared with Chelydra and cheloniids but similar to trionychoids; symphysis of lower jaw about one-half length of lower jaw; elongate median trough on dorsal surface of lower jaw symphysis; lower jaw labial ridge sharp but low, lingual ridge absent; sulcus cartilaginis meckelii relatively short compared with Chelydra, splenial well developed. | |
| W. G. Joyce 2000 | Skull 40 percent of carapace length; carapace pentagonal; wide nuchal notch; cervical scute as wide as nuchal posteriorly, but narrower anteriorly; pygal well developed, rectangular, and with waist; plastron with central fontanelle and semilunate lateral fontanelles; carapace with small lateral fontanelles and relatively large pygal fontanelles; mesoplastra absent. A detailed diagnosis of the skull was given by Gaffney (1975b). | |
| J. Anquetin et al. 2017 | Solnhofia parsonsi can be diagnosed as a “eurysternid” by the full list of characters provided for this taxon above: thin-shelled and small to moderately sized (carapace length 200 to 400 mm), by the presence of a ligamentous bridge and lateral plastral fontanelles, and a tendency toward the reduction of sutural contacts between the hyoplastra and the anterior plastral elements. | |
| J. Anquetin and C. Püntener 2020 | Solnhofia differs from all other “eurysternids” sensu Anquetin, Püntener & Joyce (2017) by having an enlarged skull (40% of carapace length in So. parsonsi, at least more than 25% in So. brachyrhyncha), a complete secondary palate formed primarily by the maxilla, limited temporal emargination, a smooth upper triturating surface without lingual ridge, a reduced foramen palatinum posterius, a massive processus trochlearis oticum that obscures the foramen nervi trigemini in lateral view, a low to non-existent labial ridge on the mandible, reduced costo-peripheral fontanelles, wide vertebral scutes, hyoplastra about as wide as long, lateral plastral fontanelles, and a central plastral fontanelle. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Early/Lower Tithonian or 155.70000 to 145.00000 Ma
Collections (11 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kimmeridgian | Switzerland (Jura) | S. brachyrhyncha (154717) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Bayern) | S. parsonsi (59175) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Switzerland (Solothurn) | S. parsonsi (137749) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | France (Lot) | S. parsonsi (138017) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | S. sp. (35262) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bavaria) | S. parsonsi (58604 212955) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bayern) | S. parsonsi (53036 144679 212952) Testudinata new species? (123906) |