PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Pondaungia

Mammalia - Primates - Amphipithecidae

Taxonomy

Pondaungia was named by Pilgrim (1927).

It was assigned to Hominoidea by Simons (1965); to Anthropoidea by Maw et al. (1979); to Anthropoidea by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Gunnell and Miller (2001); to Amphipithecidae by Jaeger et al. (2004) and Marivaux et al. (2005); and to Amphipithecinae by Godinot (1998) and Beard et al. (2009).

Species

P. cotteri (syn. P. savagei, Amphipithecus mogaungensis), P. minuta

Synonyms

Amphipithecus was named by Colbert (1937). It is the type genus of Amphipithecidae.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pondaungia by Jaeger et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Catarrhini by Simons (1965); to Lemuroidea by Szalay (1970); to Anthropoidea by Maw et al. (1979); to Amphipithecinae by Godinot (1998); to Anthropoidea by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Gunnell and Miller (2001); to Pondaungini by Gunnell et al. (2002); and to Amphipithecidae by Tsubamoto et al. (2006).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1927	Pondaungia Pilgrim
1937	Amphipithecus Colbert
1965	Amphipithecus Simons p. 139
1965	Pondaungia Simons p. 139
1970	Amphipithecus Szalay p. 355
1979	Pondaungia Maw et al. p. 66
1979	Amphipithecus Maw et al. p. 67
1997	Amphipithecus McKenna and Bell
1997	Pondaungia McKenna and Bell
1998	Amphipithecus Godinot p. 242
1998	Pondaungia Godinot p. 242
2001	Amphipithecus Gunnell and Miller p. 189
2001	Pondaungia Gunnell and Miller p. 189
2002	Amphipithecus Gunnell et al.
2004	Pondaungia Jaeger et al.
2005	Pondaungia Marivaux et al. p. 8438
2006	Amphipithecus Tsubamoto et al.
2009	Pondaungia Beard et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
—	Euarchonta
order	Primates
infraorder	Haplorhini	(Pocock 1918)
—	Anthropoidea	(Mivart 1864)
family	Amphipithecidae	(Godinot 1994)
genus	Pondaungia	Pilgrim 1927

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Pondaungia Pilgrim 1927

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†Pondaungia cotteri Pilgrim 1927

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Invalid names: Amphipithecus mogaungensis Colbert 1937 [synonym], Pondaungia savagei Gunnell et al. 2002 [synonym]

†Pondaungia minuta Jaeger and Thein 1999

Invalid names: Amphipithecus Colbert 1937 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

arborealo

Diet:

omnivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 13:27:51

Modified:

2005-08-26 15:27:51

Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: Bartonian or 41.30000 to 38.00000 Ma

Collections (8 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Myanmar	Amphipithecus mogaungensis (41287 41333) Amphipithecus moggaungensis, P. cotteri (41456) Amphipithecus sp. (41331) P. sp. (41336 41393) P. sp., P. minuta (41283)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Myanmar (Magway Division)	P. cotteri (75077)