PBDB Taxon

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Tetraclaenodon puercensis

Mammalia - Phenacodontidae

Taxonomy

Phenacodus puercensis was named by Cope (1881).

It was recombined as Protogonia puercensis by Cope (1888); it was recombined as Euprotogonia puercensis by Osborn and Earle (1895) and Matthew (1897); it was recombined as Tetraclaenodon puercensis by Hay (1902), Matthew (1915), Matthew (1937), West (1970), West (1971), West (1976), Rigby (1980), Winterfeld (1982), McKenna et al. (1987), Thewissen (1990), Secord (1998) and Scott et al. (2013).

Synonyms

Euprotogonia minor was named by Matthew (1897).

It was recombined as Tetraclaenodon minor by Matthew (1897) and Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon pliciferus by Simpson (1937); it was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon puercensis by Rigby (1980).
Mioclaenus floverianus was named by Cope (1888) [also said to be 1890].

It was recombined as Tetraclaenodon floverianus by Scott (1892), Granger (1915) and Melville (1972); it was synonymized subjectively with Euprotogonia puercensis by Matthew (1897); it was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon puercensis by Hay (1902), Matthew (1937), West (1970), Rigby (1980) and Thewissen (1990).
Phenacodus calceolatus was named by Cope (1883) [challenged by Williamson & Lucas 1992a].

It was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon puercensis by Hay (1902), Matthew (1937), Rigby (1980) and Thewissen (1990).
Protogonia plicifera was named by Cope (1882).

It was recombined as Tetraclaenodon pliciferus by Matthew (1937) and West (1971); it was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon puercensis by Hay (1902), West (1976), Rigby (1980), Thewissen (1990), Williamson and Lucas (1993) and Williamson (1996).
Protogonia subquadrata was named by Cope (1881) [genotype].

It was synonymized subjectively with Protogonia puercensis by Cope (1888); it was recombined as Euprotogonia subquadrata by Cope (1893); it was recombined as Tetraclaenodon subquadratus by Hay (1902), Simpson (1937) and Matthew (1937); it was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon puercensis by Melville (1972), Rigby (1980) and Thewissen (1990).
Protogonia zuniensis was named by Cope (1888) [not the same as Phenacodus zuniensis].

It was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon minor by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon puercensis by Rigby (1980).
Tetraclaenodon symbolicus was named by Gidley (1935) [in Simpson].

It was synonymized subjectively with Tetraclaenodon puercensis by West (1976), Rigby (1980), Hartman (1986), McKenna et al. (1987) and Thewissen (1990).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1881	Phenacodus puercensis Cope p. 492
1881	Protogonia subquadrata Cope p. 492
1882	Protogonia plicifera Cope p. 833
1883	Phenacodus calceolatus Cope p. 561
1888	Protogonia puercensis Cope
1888	Protogonia zuniensis Cope
1888	Mioclaenus floverianus Cope p. 330
1892	Tetraclaenodon floverianus Scott p. 300
1893	Euprotogonia subquadrata Cope
1895	Euprotogonia puercensis Osborn and Earle
1897	Euprotogonia minor Matthew
1897	Tetraclaenodon minor Matthew
1897	Euprotogonia puercensis Matthew p. 303
1897	Euprotogonia minor Matthew p. 310 figs. Figure 13
1902	Tetraclaenodon minor Hay p. 603
1902	Tetraclaenodon puercensis Hay p. 603
1902	Tetraclaenodon subquadratus Hay p. 603
1915	Tetraclaenodon floverianus Granger
1915	Tetraclaenodon puercensis Matthew
1935	Tetraclaenodon symbolicus Gidley
1937	Tetraclaenodon pliciferus Matthew
1937	Tetraclaenodon puercensis Matthew
1937	Tetraclaenodon subquadratus Matthew
1937	Tetraclaenodon subquadratus Simpson
1970	Tetraclaenodon puercensis West p. 852
1971	Tetraclaenodon pliciferus West
1971	Tetraclaenodon puercensis West
1972	Tetraclaenodon floverianus Melville
1976	Tetraclaenodon puercensis West
1980	Tetraclaenodon puercensis Rigby, Jr.
1982	Tetraclaenodon puercensis Winterfeld
1987	Tetraclaenodon puercensis McKenna et al.
1990	Tetraclaenodon puercensis Thewissen
1998	Tetraclaenodon puercensis Secord
2013	Tetraclaenodon puercensis Scott et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
—	Phenacodonta
family	Phenacodontidae	Cope 1881
genus	Tetraclaenodon
species	puercensis	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Tetraclaenodon puercensis Cope 1881

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Invalid names: Mioclaenus floverianus Cope 1888 [synonym], Phenacodus calceolatus Cope 1883 [synonym], Protogonia plicifera Cope 1882 [synonym], Protogonia subquadrata Cope 1881 [synonym], Protogonia zuniensis Cope 1888 [synonym], Tetraclaenodon symbolicus Gidley 1935 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingg

Diet:

herbivoreg

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2011-04-25 09:25:24

Modified:

2011-04-24 18:25:24

Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Radinsky 1966, Archibald 1998, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Tiffanian to the top of the Torrejonian or 61.70000 to 60.90000 Ma

Collections (42 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	USA (Wyoming)	Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14879 14886 14897 14898 14912)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	USA (New Mexico)	Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14811 14812 14815 14816 14818 14824 14825 14826 14832 14833 14835 14862 14865 14867 14868 14869 14870 14873 14891 14892 14893)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	USA (Montana)	Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14874 14906 14915) Tetraclaenodon symbolicus (14907 14913 14914 14918 14920 14924)
Torrejonian	63.8 - 60.9	Canada (Alberta)	Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14822 143200)
Torrejonian - Tiffanian	63.8 - 56.8	USA (Wyoming)	Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14858)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (California)	Tetraclaenodon puercensis (14817)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Montana)	Tetraclaenodon pliciferus (14937) Tetraclaenodon puercensis (15044) Tetraclaenodon septentrionalis (15045)