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Chirostenotes pergracilis

Reptilia - Caenagnathidae

Taxonomy
Chirostenotes pergracilis was named by Gilmore (1924). Its type specimen is CMN 2367, a set of limb elements (nearly complete articulated L and R manus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is 2 miles northeast of mouth, Little Sandhill Creek, which is in a Campanian terrestrial horizon in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Canada.

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1924Chirostenotes pergracilis Gilmore p. 3
1930Chirostenotes pergracilis Hay p. 186
1930Chirostenotes pergracilis Russell p. 148
1932Macrophalangia canadensis Sternberg pp. 100-101 figs. 1-2
1939Macrophalangia canadensis Kuhn p. 50
1939Chirostenotes pergracilis Kuhn p. 54
1964Chirostenotes pergracilis Russell p. 12
1964Macrophalangia canadensis Russell p. 12
1966Macrophalangia canadensis Russell p. 25
1969Chirostenotes pergracilis Ostrom p. 148
1970Chirostenotes pergracilis Steel p. 13
1970Macrophalangia canadensis Steel p. 19
1970Macrophalangia canadensis Swinton p. 133
1971Caenagnathus sternbergi Cracraft p. 806 fig. 2
1972Chirostenotes pergracilis Russell p. 376
1972Macrophalangia canadensis Russell p. 376
1978Caenagnathus sternbergi Brodkorb p. 224
1978Chirostenotes pergracilis Sues pp. 395-396
1981Caenagnathus sternbergi Barsbold
1981Macrophalangia canadensis Osmolska p. 88
1981Chirostenotes pergracilis Osmolska p. 89
1982Caenagnathus sternbergi Morris p. 488
1983Caenagnathus sternbergi Barsbold p. 95
1984Chirostenotes pergracilis Welles p. 158
1986Caenagnathus sternbergi Gauthier p. 9
1986Chirostenotes pergracilis Gauthier p. 9
1986Macrophalangia canadensis Gauthier p. 9
1987Caenagnathus sternbergi Currie p. 52
1987Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 52
1988Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie and Russell
1988Caenagnathus sternbergi Currie and Russell p. 984
1988Chirostenotes pergracilis Paul p. 373
1989Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 1323
1992Caenagnathus sternbergi Currie p. 246
1992Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 246
1992Chirostenotes pergracilis Le Loeuff et al. p. 338
1994Caenagnathus sternbergi Currie et al.
1997Chirostenotes pergracilis Eberth p. 201
1997Chirostenotes pergracilis Norell and Makovicky p. 20
1997Chirostenotes pergracilis Sues p. 699
1998Chirostenotes pergracilis Makovicky and Norell p. 13
2000Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 276
2001Chirostenotes pergracilis Eberth et al. p. 58
2001Chirostenotes sternbergi Eberth et al. p. 58
2001Caenagnathus sternbergi Varricchio p. 46
2002Chirostenotes pergracilis Maryanska et al. p. 101 fig. 1
2003Chirostenotes pergracilis Rauhut p. 40
2003Chirostenotes pergracilis Zanno and Sampson p. 113A
2004Chirostenotes pergracilis Lü et al. p. 109 fig. 8
2004Chirostenotes pergracilis Osmólska et al. p. 166
2005Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie p. 4
2005Chirostenotes pergracilis Lü and Zhang p. 417
2008Chirostenotes pergracilis Longrich p. 994
2009Chirostenotes pergracilis Balanoff et al. p. 21
2009Caenagnathus sternbergi Zanno et al. p. S15
2011Chirostenotes pergracilis Sullivan et al. p. 428
2011Chirostenotes pergracilis Turner et al. p. 59
2012Chirostenotes pergracilis Gao et al. p. 8
2013Chirostenotes pergracilis Longrich et al. p. 29
2014Caenagnathus sternbergi Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2014Chirostenotes pergracilis Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2014Macrophalangia canadensis Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2015Chirostenotes pergracilis Currie and Koppelhus p. 626
2015Chirostenotes pergracilis Funston et al. p. 180
2015Chirostenotes pergracilis Sues and Averianov p. 58
2015Caenagnathus sternbergi Tsuihiji et al. p. 61
2015Chirostenotes pergracilis White et al. p. 11
2016Chirostenotes pergracilis Funston and Currie p. 1
2016Chirostenotes pergracilis Wang et al. p. 12
2017Caenagnathus sternbergi Tsuihiji et al. p. 10
2018Chirostenotes pergracilis Norell et al. p. 17
2019Chirostenotes pergracilis Lee et al. p. 2
2019Chirostenotes pergracilis Senter and Sullivan p. 2
2020Chirostenotes pergracilis Funston p. 117–188
2020Chirostenotes pergracilis Rhodes et al. p. 1
2021Chirostenotes pergracilis Funston et al. p. 6

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
infraorderOviraptorosauria
familyCaenagnathidae
genusChirostenotes
speciespergracilis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Chirostenotes pergracilis Gilmore 1924
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Invalid names: Caenagnathus sternbergi Cracraft 1971 [synonym], Macrophalangia canadensis Sternberg 1932 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. Cracraft 1971 (Caenagnathus sternbergi)Differs from Caenagnathus collinsi in being smaller (Table 1); with anteroposterior ridge of articular surface being higher; internal process not as elongated anteroposteriorly but instead projects relatively more internally; and portion of ramus immediately anterior to articular region much less robust and apparently relatively thinner dorsoventrally.
H.-D. Sues 1997Aside from its larger size, the mandible of Chirostenotes pergracilis is distinguished from the material here referred to C. elegans by the possession of a more elongate and shallower dentary, a proportionately longer mandibular symphysis, and the presence of a median ridge on the dorsal (lingual) aspect of the mandibular symphysis.
N. R. Longrich et al. 2013Medium-sized caenagnathid (symphyseal length approximately 45 mm, dentary length approximately 120 mm, metatarsus length approximately 210 mm). Beak with tip elon- gate and anteriorly projecting (Figure 4B), but not to the extreme seen in Caenagnathus collinsi. Symphysis extended caudally between lingual shelves but again, not to the degree seen in Caenag- nathus. Posterior rami of dentaries moderately divergent, forming an angle of approximately 30° in dorsal view. Tip of beak with four lingual ridges. Dentary excluded from dorsal margin of external mandibular fenestra by surangular. Ventral flange of surangular prominent and everted laterally. Quadrate articulation strongly convex in lateral view, with medially expanded, tongue-like medial cotyle. Manual phalanges extremely long and slender; manual unguals slender and weakly arched, flexor tubercles distally positioned.
G. F. Funston 2020(from Funston and Currie 2020): Medium-sized (~65 kg) caenagnathid oviraptorosaur diagnosed by the following autapomorphies (*) and combination of characters: occlusal tip of dentary upturned at approximately 45°*; dentaries fused with well-developed symphyseal shelf; deep mandibular fossa; dentary excluded from dorsal margin of external mandibular fenestra by surangular; articular ridge of mandible distinctly offset from dorsal margin of surangular; cervical vertebrae with low neural spines and small epipophyses; six sacral vertebrae with pleurocoels; distal caudal vertebrae with anteriorly directed transverse processes; posterior chevrons anteroposteriorly elongate at proximal end, as long or longer anteroposteriorly than corresponding caudal vertebrae*; digit III of manus longer than digit I, but with slender phalanges; tall, dolichoiliac ilium with reduced postacetabular blade*; distal tarsals and proximal metatarsals not coossified at maturity; metatarsal III proximally pinched between metatarsals II and IV, but only the proximal tip is excluded from the anterior surface of the metatarsus; metatarsal V strongly procurving and not fused to distal tarsal IV*.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteinfrao
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 1.0 to < 10infrao
Adult width: 0.1 to < 1.0infrao
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10infrao
Thickness: intermediateinfrao
Architecture: compact or denseinfrao
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partsinfrao
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialinfrao
Locomotion: actively mobileinfrao
Life habit: ground dwellinginfrao
Depth habitat: surfaceinfrao
Diet: omnivoreinfrao
Reproduction: oviparousinfrao
Dispersal: direct/internalinfrao
Dispersal 2: mobileinfrao
Created: 2005-08-24 13:18:33
Modified: 2005-08-24 15:18:33
Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder, o = order
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875, Averianov and Yarkov 2004

Age range: Late/Upper Campanian or 83.50000 to 70.60000 Ma

Collections (8 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Caenagnathus sternbergi (46953 232141) Chirostenotes pergracilis (22656 type locality: 45683 64319) Dromaeosaurus sp. (59116) Leptorhynchos elegans (232140) Macrophalangia canadensis (45755)