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Apocynaceae (dogbane)

Angiospermae - Gentianales - Apocynaceae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1789Apocynaceae de Jussieu
1919Apocynaceae Knowlton
1919Asclepiadaceae Knowlton
1941Apocynaceae MacGinitie
1941Asclepiadaceae MacGinitie
1961Apocynaceae Chandler p. 82
1962Apocynaceae Chandler p. 138
1964Apocynaceae Chandler p. 100
1970Apocynaceoxylon Chitaley et al.
2000Apocynaceae Mabberley
2000Asclepiadaceae Mabberley
2016Apocynaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 19

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
—EudicotsDoyle and Hotton 1991
—CoreeudicotsThe Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009
—Superasterids
RankNameAuthor
—Asterids
—Euasterids
—Lamiids
orderGentianales
familyApocynaceaede Jussieu 1789
familyApocynaceaede Jussieu 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Apocynaceae de Jussieu 1789 [dogbane]
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G. Alstonia Brown 1810
+
†Alstonia mioscholaris Antal and Awasthi 1993
†Alstonia nepalensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
G. †Alyxia Banks and Brown 1810
+
†Alyxia koilabasensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
G. †Apocynocarpum Ettingshausen 1886
+
†Apocynocarpum sulcatum Ettingshausen 1886
G. †Apocynophyllum Unger 1850
+
†Apocynophyllum lesquereuxii Ettingshausen 1883
†Apocynophyllum linifolium Knowlton 1917
†Apocynophyllum pealii Ettingshausen 1883
†Apocynophyllum scudderi Lesquereux 1883
†Apocynophyllum sordidum Lesquereux 1891
†Apocynophyllum tabellarum Lesquereux 1869
G. †Apocynospermum Reid and Chandler 1926
+
†Apocynospermum acutiforme Chandler 1962
†Apocynospermum lakense Chandler 1961
†Apocynospermum striatum Reid and Chandler 1926
G. †Aspidospermoxylon Kruse 1954
+
G. Carissa Linnaeus 1767
+
†Carissa koilabasensis Prasad 1994
G. Chonemorpha Don 1837
+
†Chonemorpha miocenica Prasad and Awasthi 1996
G. †Cricotriporites Leidelmeyer 1966
+
†Cricotriporites camerounensis Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Cricotriporites elongatoporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Cricotriporites fragilis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Cricotriporites guianensis Leidelmeyer 1966
†Cricotriporites macroporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Cricotriporites minutiporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
+
Invalid names: Triorites minutipori Müller 1968 [synonym]
†Cricotriporites operculatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
G. †Cypselites Heer 1859
+
†Cypselites neagelii Heer 1859
G. †Echitonium Unger 1839
+
†Echitonium lanceolatum Ettingshausen 1883
†Echitonium sophiae Weber 1852
†Echitonium superstes Unger 1839
G. †Fezzania Boureau 1956
+
†Fezzania calanchoensis Boureau 1956
G. Hemidesmus Brown 1810
G. Kibatalia Don 1837
G. Landolphia de Beauvois
G. †Leakeyia Chesters 1957
+
†Leakeyia vesiculosa Chesters 1957
G. †Lyonsiaephyllum Deane 1907
+
†Lyonsiaephyllum duni Deane 1907
G. †Neritinium Unger 1850
+
†Neritinium dubium Unger 1850
G. Nerium Linnaeus 1753 [oleander]
+
Nerium divaricatum Linnaeus 1753
†Nerium hinoidea MacGinitie 1941
Nerium oleander Linnaeus 1753
G. †Ochrosella Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Ochrosella ovalis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. †Ochrosoidea Reid and Chandler 1933
+
†Ochrosoidea sheppeyensis Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Pseudolithos Bally 1965
G. Rauvolfia Linnaeus 1753
+
Rauvolfia tetraphylla Linnaeus 1753
G. Stapelianthus Choux 1933
G. Tabernaemontana Linnaeus 1753 [milkwood]
+
G. †Tabernaemontanophyllum Geyler 1887
G. Thevetia Linnaeus 1758
G. Topea Keller 2017
G. Wrightia Brown 1810
+
†Wrightia palaeotinctoria Prasad and Awasthi 1996
†Wrightia siwalica Prasad 1994
Invalid names: Apocynaceoxylon Chitaley et al. 1970 [nomen nudum], Asclepiadaceae Borkhausen [synonym], Plumieroideae Schumann [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (145 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Paleocene100.5 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Cricotriporites minutiporus (195707)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Cricotriporites minutiporus (31653 199410)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Cricotriporites minutiporus (239892) Cricotriporites sp. (151453 151455 151456 151458 151460 151463)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Colorado) Apocynophyllum lesquereuxi (43415 52823 52932)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Pakistan (Sindh) Cricotriporites sp. A (237092 237094 237097 237110 237111 237112 237119 237129 237161 237163 237164 237165 237166 237168 237169 237170 237171 237172 237173 237178 237182 237183 237184 237185 237186 237187 237188 237189 237190 237191 237192 237193 237195 237196 237197 237198 237199 237200 237201)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04India (Madhya Pradesh) Apocynaceoxylon mohgaoense (224606)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.66 - 56.0Colombia Apocynaceae CJ13 (134513 134748 134750)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0United Kingdom (England) Apocynospermum lakense (23327)
Lostcabinian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Apocynaceae sp. 1 (11484 11498) Apocynaceae sp.1 (11354)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Apocynaceae RR17 (28135 28708 28718 28721 28731 28733 28734 28737 28738 28911)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07USA (Wyoming ) Apocynaceae RR17 (129152)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07USA (Texas) Apocynophyllum wilcoxense (98211)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Colombia Cricotriporites guianensis (28771 28772 29142) Cricotriporites guianensis, Cricotriporites macroporus (29080) Cricotriporites macroporus (28773)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Apocynophyllum sheppyense (22811) Apocynospermum lakense, Apocynospermum acutiforme (23398)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07France (Oise) Apocynaceae indet. (68174)
Early/Lower Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene56.0 - 33.9Venezuela (Zulia) Apocynophyllum texensis (31274)
Early/Lower Eocene - Late/Upper Miocene56.0 - 5.333Argentina Polioexolobus prenuntius, Landolphia paraparaensis (32201)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03France Echitonium michelotii (184468)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71USA (California) Asclepiadites laterita (23995) Nerium hinoidea, Tabernaemontana chrysophylloides (23996)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Colombia Cricotriporites elongatoporus, Cricotriporites macroporus (29074 29078) Cricotriporites guianensis (29157) Cricotriporites macroporus (29076) Cricotriporites minutiporus (28865)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Myanmar (Sagaing) Apocynaceae indet. (227630)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9China (Sichuan) Alstonia sp. (223914)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Myanmar (Sagaing) Apocynaceae indet. (227664 227674 227710 227720) Apocynaceae indet., Cricotriporites sp. (227698) Cricotriporites sp. (227632 227633 227648 227671 227696 227699 227787)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9China (Shaanxi) Apocynaceae indet. (223930)
Priabonian - Rupelian37.71 - 27.3Peru (Loreto) Cricotriporites macroporus (144474)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Czechia Apocynospermum striatum (31643)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04India Alstonia sp. (212868)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.04Germany (Saxony) Apocynophyllum helveticum (24922 24925 24978 25003 25574 25581 25583)
Early/Lower Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene33.9 - 15.98Australia (Victoria) Alyxia sp. (169006)
Early/Lower Oligocene - Late/Upper Miocene33.9 - 5.333Argentina (Santa Cruz) Apocynophyllum chalianum (31544)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63Venezuela (Falcon) Apocynophyllum salvadorensis (31279)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.04 - 5.333Venezuela (Zulia) Apocynophyllum salvadorensis (31273)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.04 - 5.333Venezuela (Trujillo) Apocynophyllum salvadorensis (31281)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.04 - 5.333Venezuela Apocynophyllum salvadorensis (32006)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Nepal Tabernaemontana precoronaria, Carissa koilabasensis, Alyxia koilabasensis, Alstonia nepalensis (222898)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Mexico (Vera Cruz) Apocynophyllum mexicanum (32066)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58India (Uttarakhand) Chonemorpha miocenica (222808)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58South Africa Rauvolfia sp. (22226)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Nepal Chonemorpha miocenica, Wrightia palaeotinctoria (222975)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58India (West Bengal) Alstonia mioscholaris (223486)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Germany (Brandenburg) Apocynophyllum neriifolium (27520)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63India (Uttarakhand) Wrightia siwalica (222797)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Kenya Apocynaceae indet. (22311) Landolphia sp., Rauvolfia sp. (22266)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Argentina (Catamarca) Cricotriporites guianensis (137142)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Bolivia (Potosi) Cypselites potosianus, Apocynophyllum potosianum (32127)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774Tanzania Carissa sp. (22335)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.774India (Arunachal Pradesh) Chonemorpha miocenica (224427)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Kenya Tabernaemontana sp. (21401 21461 21478)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (West Bengal) Hemidesmus sp. (228795 228821)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Rajasthan) Wrightia sp. (228789 228811 228812)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Uttarakhand) Apocynaceae indet. (228809)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Rajasthan) Wrightia sp. (228790)