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Lepisosteiformes (gar)
Taxonomy
Lepisosteiformes was named by Hay (1929). It is extant.
It was assigned to Actinopterygii by Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999); to Osteichthyes by Estes (1964), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001); to Neopterygii by Meyer and Zardoya (2003); to Holostei by Bryant (1989), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004); to Teleostei by Previtera and González Riga (2008); to Neopterygii by Long (2011); to Holostei by Nelson (2006), Betancur et al. (2013); to Ginglymodi by Grande (2010), López-Arbarello (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019); and to Actinopterygii by Agnolín et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Actinopterygii by Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999); to Osteichthyes by Estes (1964), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001); to Neopterygii by Meyer and Zardoya (2003); to Holostei by Bryant (1989), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004); to Teleostei by Previtera and González Riga (2008); to Neopterygii by Long (2011); to Holostei by Nelson (2006), Betancur et al. (2013); to Ginglymodi by Grande (2010), López-Arbarello (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019); and to Actinopterygii by Agnolín et al. (2023).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1929 | Lepisosteiformes Hay |
| 1964 | Lepisosteiformes Estes p. 43 |
| 1989 | Lepisosteiformes Bryant p. 22 |
| 1993 | Lepisosteiformes Cvancara and Hoganson p. 13 |
| 1999 | Lepisosteiformes Weems p. 54 |
| 2001 | Lepisosteiformes Peng et al. p. 14 |
| 2001 | Lepisosteiformes Purdy et al. p. 161 |
| 2003 | Lepisosteiformes Meyer and Zardoya |
| 2004 | Lepisosteiformes Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260 |
| 2006 | Lepisosteiformes Nelson |
| 2008 | Lepisosteiformes Previtera and González Riga |
| 2010 | Lepisosteiformes Grande |
| 2011 | Lepisosteiformes Long p. 242 |
| 2012 | Lepisosteiformes López-Arbarello |
| 2013 | Lepisosteiformes Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Lepisosteiformes Nelson et al. p. 122 |
| 2018 | Lepisosteiformes Carnevale and Godfrey p. 163 |
| 2019 | Lepisosteiformes Ebersole et al. p. 154 |
| 2023 | Lepisosteiformes Agnolín et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Lepisosteiformes Hay 1929 [gar]
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G. †Lepidotes Agassiz 1832
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†Lepidotes dashanpuensis Peng et al. 2005
†Lepidotes elvensis de Blainville 1818
†Lepidotes gigas Agassiz 1832
†Lepidotes gloriae Thies 1989
†Lepidotes lennieri Sauvage 1893
†Lepidotes macropterus Yabumoto 1994
†Lepidotes microrhis Wenz 2003
†Lepidotes pankowskii Forey et al. 2011
†Lepidotes semiserratus Agassiz 1836
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Invalid names: Lepidotus latissimus Agassiz 1833 [synonym], Lepidotus umbonatus Agassiz 1833 [synonym]
†Lepidotes tanyrhis Wenz 2003
†Lepidotes toombsi Jain and Robinson 1963
†Lepidotes walcotti Eastman 1917
†Lepidotes wenzae Brito and Gallo 2003
†Lepidotus affinis Fricke 1875
†Lepidotus fimbriatus Agassiz 1834
†Lepidotus fittoni Agassiz 1835
†Lepidotus frondosus Agassiz 1832
†Lepidotus gallineki Michael 1863
†Lepidotus latifrons Woodward 1893
†Lepidotus leedsi Woodward 1895
†Lepidotus lusitanicus Sauvage 1898
†Lepidotus macrocheirus Egerton 1845
†Lepidotus maximiliani Agassiz 1843
†Lepidotus minor Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus oblongus Agassiz 1834
†Lepidotus occidentalis Leidy 1856
†Lepidotus palliatus Agassiz 1837
†Lepidotus parvulus Agassiz 1843
†Lepidotus piauhyensis Roxo and Löfgren 1936
†Lepidotus pustulatus Woodward 1895
†Lepidotus radiatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus rugosus Agassiz 1837
†Lepidotus souzai Woodward 1908
†Lepidotus speciosus Agassiz 1843
†Lepidotus striatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus subdenticulatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus subovatus Münster 1842
†Lepidotus subundatus Münster 1846
†Lepidotus tuberculatus Agassiz 1837
†Lepidotus undatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus unguiculatus Agassiz 1833
†Lepidotus virleti Agassiz 1833
Invalid names: Plesiodus Wagner 1863 [synonym], Prolepidotus Michael 1893 [synonym], Scrobodus Munster [synonym]
Subor. Lepisosteioidei
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Superfm. Lepisosteoidea
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Fm. Lepisosteidae Cuvier 1825
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G. Atractosteus Rafinesque 1820
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†Atractosteus atrox Leidy 1873
†Atractosteus falipoui Cavin and Brito 2001
†Atractosteus messelensis Grande 2010
†Atractosteus simplex Leidy 1873
†Atractosteus spatula Lacepede 1803
G. Lepidosteus Agassiz 1843
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Lepidosteus bison DeKay 1842
†Lepidosteus glaber Marsh 1871
†Lepidosteus longus Lambe 1908
†Lepidosteus notabilis Leidy 1873
†Lepidosteus whitneyi Marsh 1871
G. Lepisosteus Agassiz 1843
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†Lepisosteus bemisi Grande 2010
†Lepisosteus glaber Marsh 1871
†Lepisosteus indicus Lydekker 1890
†Lepisosteus integer Cope 1877
†Lepisosteus knieskerni Fowler 1911
†Lepisosteus nahunticus Cope 1869
Lepisosteus osseus Linnaeus 1758
Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820
†Lepisosteus whitneyi Marsh 1871
Invalid names: Clastes Cope 1872 [synonym], Pneumatosteus Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Masillosteus Micklich and Klappert 2001
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†Masillosteus janeae Grande 2010
†Masillosteus kelleri Micklich and Klappert 2001
G. †Oniichthys Cavin and Brito 2001
Invalid names: Clastes aganus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Clastes cycliferus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Lepidosteus bohemicus Laube 1901 [nomen dubium], Lepisosteus cominatoi Silva Santos 1984 [nomen dubium], Paralepidosteus africanus Arambourg and Joleaud 1943 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Obaichthyidae Grande 2010
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G. †Obaichthys Wenz and Brito 1992
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†Obaichthys africanus Grande 2010
†Obaichthys decoratus Wenz and Brito 1992
†Obaichthys laevis Wenz and Brito 1992
G. †Scheenstia López-Arbarello and Sfercoa 2009
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†Scheenstia decoratus Wagner 1863
†Scheenstia degenhardti Branco 1885
†Scheenstia hauchecornei Branco 1885
†Scheenstia laevis Agassiz 1837
†Scheenstia mantelli Agassiz 1833
†Scheenstia maximus Wagner 1863
†Scheenstia zappi López-Arbarello and Sfercoa 2009
G. †Sheenstia López-Arbarello and Sferco 2011
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Illyrian to the top of the Holocene or 243.33000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 241.464 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 241.464 Ma
Collections (874 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pelsonian - Illyrian | China (Guizhou) | Lepidotes sp. (31623) | |
| Illyrian | Italy | Lepidotus sp. (149323) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic - Early/Lower Jurassic | Ethiopia | Lepidotes sp. (48830) | |
| Norian | USA (Utah) | Lepidotes walcotti (81265) | |
| Norian | Switzerland (Aargau) | Lepidotes sp. (22680) | |
| Alaunian | Austria (Tirol) | Lepidotus sp., Lepidotus parvulus (130602) | |
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (England) | Lepidotes barnstonensis, Lepidotes sp. (53829) Lepidotes sp. (120928) | |
| Rhaetian | France | Lepidotus sp. (39359) | |
| Rhaetian | Netherlands | Lepidotes sp. (137660) Lepidotus sp. (137658) | |
| Rhaetian | Austria | Lepidotes sp. (195671) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Franche-Comté) | Lepidotus sp. (149408 149409) | |
| Rhaetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Prolepidotus sp. (139484) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region) | Lepidotus sp. (31772 31773 31774 166561) | |
| Hettangian - Early/Lower Sinemurian | United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) | Lepidotus sp. (204157) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany | Lepidotus elvensis (122170) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | France | Lepidotes elvensis (122731) Lepidotus elvensis, Lepidotes elvensis (122732) | |
| Falciferum | United Kingdom (England) | Lepidotus sp. (132646) | |
| Toarcian | United Kingdom (England) | Lepidotus elvensis (131834) Lepidotus semiserratus (122167 122372 122373) | |
| Toarcian | Germany (Würtemberg) | Lepidotus elvensis (122171) | |
| Toarcian | France | Cyprinus elvensis (122739) | |