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Limoidea

Bivalvia - Pectinida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1815Limacea Rafinesque
1965Limacea Newell p. 18
1980Limacea Vokes p. 60
1990Limacea Beu et al. pp. 395, 396
1992Limacea Maxwell pp. 64, 68
1999Limoidea Ride et al.
2000Limoidea Coan et al. p. 202
2001Limoidea Todd
2004Limoidea Stilwell et al. p. 21
2006Limoidea Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 230
2009Limoidea Nevesskaja
2010Limoidea Bouchet et al.
2011Limoidea Carter et al. p. 11
2023Limoidea Hickman p. 36

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
RankNameAuthor
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
OstreomorphiFerussac 1822
OstreioniFerussac 1822
OstreataFerussac 1822
superorderOstreiformiiFerussac 1822
orderPectinida(Gray 1854)
suborderAnomiidinaGray 1854
Limoidei(Moore 1952)
superfamilyLimoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
superfamilyLimoidea(Rafinesque 1815)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Limoidea Rafinesque 1815
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Fm. Limidae Rafinesque 1815 [file clam]
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G. Acesta Adams and Adams 1858
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Subg. Acesta (Acesta) Adams and Adams 1858
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Acesta (Acesta) goajira Olsson and Richards 1961
Acesta bibbyi Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
Acesta brycei Marwick 1953
Acesta excavata Fabricius 1780
Acesta maui Marshall 2001
Acesta webbi Zinsmeister and Macellari 1988
Lima (Acesta) beta Popenoe 1937
Lima (Acesta) obsoleta Dujardin 1837
Lima (Acesta) sameshimai Oyama and Mizuno 1958
G. †Anomolima Philippi 1901
G. Antarctolima Habe 1977
G. †Antiquilima Cox 1943
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Antiquilima antiquata Sowerby 1818
Antiquilima atacamensis Hayami et al. 1977
Antiquilima hians Hautmann 2001
Antiquilima nodulosa Terquem 1855
Antiquilima vallieri Newton et al. 1987
G. †Aviculolima Philippi 1900
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Aviculolima jaekeli Philippi 1900
G. †Badiotella Bittner 1890
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Badiotella concentrica Broili 1904
Badiotella gracilis Broili 1904
Badiotella schaurothiana Bittner 1895
Badiotella subpunctata Broili 1904
G. Callolima Bartsch 1913
G. †Costellacesta Kauffman 1964
G. Ctenoides Mörch 1853
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Subg. Ctenoides (Ctenoides) Mörch 1853
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Ctenoides (Ctenoides) floridana Olsson and Harbison 1953
Ctenoides ales Finlay 1927
Ctenoides annulatus Lamarck 1819
Ctenoides annulatus Lamarck 1819
Ctenoides spathulatus Lamarck 1806
Ctenoides vogeli Dhondt 1983
Lima (Ctenoides) rara Deshayes 1858
Invalid names: Divaricolima Rovereto 1898 [synonym]
G. †Ctenostreon Eichwald 1862
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Ctenostreon newelli Yin and McRoberts 2006
Ctenostreon proboscideum Sowerby 1820
Ctenostreon rugosum Smith 1817
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Invalid names: Ctenostreon wrighti Bayle 1878 [synonym], Ostracites pectiniformis von Schlotheim 1820 [synonym]
G. †Dimorphoconcha Wasmer and Hautmann 2012
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Dimorphoconcha globosa Wasmer and Hautmann 2012
G. Divarilima Powell 1958
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G. †Echinorbis Waterhouse 1987
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Echinorbis papillosa Waterhouse 1987
G. †Elimata Dickins 1963
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Elimata guppyi Dickins 1963
Elimata permiana King 1850
Elimata polita Newell 1955
Elimata prima Wass and Gould 1968
Elimata symmetrica Waterhouse 1987
G. †Escalima Iredale 1929
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Escalima acclinis Hedley 1904
G. Gemellima Iredale 1929
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G. †Latemaria Wilckens 1909
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G. Lima Bruguière 1797
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Subg. Lima (Lima) Bruguiére 1796
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Lima (Lima) rembangensis Pannekoek 1936
Lima (Lima) vedderi Moore 1977
Lima (Lima) pelagica Morton 1833
Subg. Lima (Mantellum) Röding 1798
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Lima (Mantellum) duplicata Carle Sowerby 1827
Mantellum inconspicuum Marwick 1926
Subg. †Lima (Regalilima) Cox 1943
Subg. †Lima (Tirolidia) Bittner 1895
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Lima (Tirolidia) cassiana Bittner 1895
Lima acuta Hyatt 1892
Lima aequilatera Buvignier 1852
Lima alpissordidae Winkler 1864
Lima alternans Bittner 1895
Lima amaxensis Yokoyama 1911
Lima appressa Gabb 1864
Lima areolaris Bittner 1895
Lima austriaca Bittner 1895
Lima azzarolae Stoppani 1865
Lima balatonica Bittner 1901
Lima bassii Tenison Woods 1877
Lima bela Dickerson 1917
Lima bella Dickerson 1917
Lima blackburnei Smith 1927
Lima bulloides Lamarck 1806
Lima canalifera Goldfuss 1836
Lima cancellata Bittner 1895
Lima caribaea d'Orbigny 1853
Lima cholla Stoyanow 1949
Lima cinnabarensis Stanton 1899
Lima clathrata Fang 1987
Lima colorata Hutton 1873
Lima connectens Gemmellaro 1896
Lima coodei Damon 1860
Lima costata Münster 1836
Lima costulata Roemer 1839
Lima cottaldina d'Orbigny 1847
Lima delaunayi Cossmann 1907
Lima densepunctata Roemer 1836
Lima dilleri Hyatt 1892
Lima discus Stoppani 1865
Lima distincta Bittner 1901
Lima eocenica Nagao 1928
Lima ericensis De Gregorio 1930
Lima espinal Stoyanow 1949
Lima exilis Wood 1839
Lima flexicostata Winckler 1861
Lima fulgurans Martin 1933
Lima geronimoensis Stephenson 1941
Lima glacialis Gmelin 1791
Lima goliath Sowerby 1883
Lima goyoni Fischer 1964
Lima halensis Dall 1916
Lima harrisiana Alrdrich 1910
Lima incurvostriata Gümbel 1889
Lima iraonensis Newton 1895
Lima kennedyi Squires and Demetrion 1992
Lima kimballi Smith 1927
Lima klipsteini Cossmann and Lambert 1884
Lima lima Linnaeus 1758
Lima lineata Schlotheim 1820
Lima lineatopunctatus Stoppani 1857
Lima linguliformis Tate 1886
Lima loczyi Bittner 1901
Lima martini Smith 1927
Lima maxima D'Archiac 1837
Lima microtis Gabb 1864
Lima moeschi Loriol 1881
Lima multilineata Stanton 1895
Lima muralensis Stoyanow 1949
Lima nana Fang 1987
Lima oliva Stoppani 1865
Lima packardi Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
Lima pangymna Cossmann 1907
Lima parallela Sowerby 1812
Lima patagonica Wilckens 1907
Lima paulula Bittner 1895
Lima paupercula Bittner 1895
Lima plicatula Wood 1839
Lima polyactina Tate 1886
Lima reniformis von Koenen 1897
Lima retifera Bittner 1895
Lima robertsae Durham 1944
Lima sayrei Stephenson 1941
Lima schardti de Loriol 1883
Lima shastensis Gabb 1869
Lima strigilis Bittner 1895
Lima subauriculata Montagu 1808
Lima subdensepunctata Futterer 1897
Lima subdistincta Kiparisova 1966
Lima subdupla Stoppani 1865
Lima subpunctata d'Orbigny 1849
Lima subretifera Gemmellaro 1896
Lima succincta Dumortier 1867
Lima taylorensis Hyatt 1892
Lima telleri Bittner 1895
Lima tenuilineata Fang 1987
Lima tetrica Gould 1851
Lima transversa Polubotko 1966
Lima vulgaris Link 1807
Lima wacoensis Roemer 1849
Lima williamsoni Marwick 1953
Lima xiangnanensis Fang 1987
Lima zealandica Sowerby 1876
Lima zitteli Broili 1904
Invalid names: Austrolima Iredale 1929 [synonym], Glaucion Oken 1815 [invalid subgroup], Limigenus Renier 1807 [invalid subgroup], Radula Mörch 1853 [synonym]
G. Limaria Link 1807
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Subg. Limaria (Limaria) Link 1807
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Limaria (Limaria) clarki Nelson 1925
Limaria (Limaria) orcutti Hertlein and Grant 1972
Limaria (Limaria) smithvillensis Stenzel and Twining 1957
Limaria hemphilli Hertlein and Strong 1946
Limaria labani Meznerics 1936
Limaria orientalis Adams 1850
Limaria pacifica d'Orbigny 1846
Limaria pellucida Adams 1846
Invalid names: Limatulella Sacco 1898 [synonym], Promantellum Iredale 1939 [synonym], Submantellum Olsson and Harbison 1953 [synonym], Winckworthia Glibert and Van de Poel 1965 [synonym]
G. Limatula Wood 1839
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Lima (Limatula) consobrina d'Orbigny 1845
Lima (Limatula) elliptica Whiteaves 1861
Lima (Limatula) pichleri Bittner 1895
Lima (Limatula) suciensis Whiteaves 1903
Lima (Limatula) woodsi Suter 1921
Subg. Limatula (Limatula) Wood 1839
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Invalid names: Limatula californica Bernard 1988 [synonym], Limatula macleani Bernard 1988 [synonym]
Limatula acutilineata Conrad 1858
Limatula asymbleta Woodring 1982
Limatula cerealis Douglas and Arkell 1932
Limatula covacevichi Frassinetti 1997
Limatula deceptionensis Preston 1916
Limatula decussata Goldfuss 1835
Limatula gerardi Vincent 1927
Limatula jeffreysiana Tate 1885
Limatula ovata Wood 1839
Limatula persimilis Stoliczka 1871
Limatula ponderi Fleming 1978
Limatula punctatilla Lycett 1863
Limatula siligo Fleming 1978
Limatula strangei Sowerby 1872
Limatula subaequilateralis d'Orbigny 1847
Limatula tadena Iredale 1939
Limatula trulla Marwick 1926
G. Limatuletta Sacco 1898
Subfm. Limatulinae Kasum-Zade 2003
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Tr. †Calcicaniculariini Waterhouse 2008
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G. †Calcicanicularia Waterhouse 1983
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Calcicanicularia antecostata Waterhouse 1987
Calcicanicularia glabra Waterhouse 1983
Invalid names: Echinorbinae Waterhouse 2008 [synonym], Limatulini Kasum-Zade 2003 [empty]
G. Limea Bronn 1831
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Limaea solida Dall 1898
Subg. †Limea (Eolimea) Cox 1969
Subg. Limea (Isolimea) Iredale 1929
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Subg. Limea (Limea) Bronn 1831
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Limea (Limea) riparia Maxwell 1992
Limea acuticostata Münster 1836
Limea alticosta Tate 1886
Limea delanouei Oppenheim 1902
Limea margineplicata Klipstein 1843
Limea nux Guembel 1861
Limea strigilata Brocchi 1814
Limea strigillata Brocchi 1814
Limea tenuisculptata Cossmann 1887
Limea transenna Tate 1886
G. †Mantellina Sacco 1904
G. †Meotolima Oyama 1943
G. †Mysidioptera Salomon 1895
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Subg. †Mysidioptera (Pseudacesta) Waagen 1907
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Mysidioptera ambigua Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera ampezzana Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera baconica Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera bassanii De Toni 1913
Mysidioptera beneckei Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera bittneri Broili 1904
Mysidioptera cainalli Stoppani 1860
Mysidioptera carinata Waagen 1907
Mysidioptera cassiana Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera cimbrianica Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera compressa Broili 1904
Mysidioptera densestriata Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera dieneri Frech 1912
Mysidioptera dinarica Bittner 1902
Mysidioptera dubiosa Bittner 1895
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Invalid names: Hinnites granulosus Klipstein 1843 [replaced]
Mysidioptera elongata Broili 1904
Mysidioptera emiliae Bittner 1900
Mysidioptera fassaensis Salomon 1895
Mysidioptera finkelsteini Salomon 1895
Mysidioptera fornicata Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera globosa Broili 1904
Mysidioptera globularis Trechmann 1917
Mysidioptera gracilis Broili 1904
Mysidioptera gremblichii Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera interrupta Broili 1904
Mysidioptera intertexta Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera inversa Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera kittlii Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera kochi Frech 1912
Mysidioptera laczkoi Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera latifissa Broili 1904
Mysidioptera marginata Broili 1904
Mysidioptera multicostata Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera obliqua Broili 1904
Mysidioptera oblonga Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera obscura Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera ornata Salomon 1895
Mysidioptera planata Broili 1904
Mysidioptera punctata Chen 1976
Mysidioptera readi Broili 1904
Mysidioptera reyeri Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera riceae Waterhouse 1960
Mysidioptera rotunda Broili 1904
Mysidioptera silvatica Frech 1912
Mysidioptera similis Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera spinescens Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera spinigera Bittner 1895
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Invalid names: Mysidioptera acuta Broili 1904 [synonym]
Mysidioptera striata Broili 1904
Mysidioptera striatula Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera tenella Bittner 1895
Mysidioptera tenuicostata Bittner 1901
Mysidioptera vixcostata Stoppani 1860
Mysidioptera woehrmanni Salomon 1895
G. †Neoinoceramus Ihering 1902
G. Notolimea Iredale 1924
G. †Palaeolima Hind 1903
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Palaeolima afanasievi Muromtseva 1984
Palaeolima anfuensis Li and Ding 1982
Palaeolima antinaoensis González 1972
Palaeolima badiotica Prinoth and Posenato 2023
Palaeolima chekiangensis Ku and Chen 1963
Palaeolima dieneri Frech 1911
Palaeolima footei Waagen 1881
Palaeolima hunanensis Zhang 1977
Palaeolima jiaheensis Zhang 1981
Palaeolima kasanensis Netschajew 1894
Palaeolima krotowi Stuckenberg 1898
Palaeolima laticostata Tschernyschew 1902
Palaeolima middlemissi Nakazawa 1981
Palaeolima minima Chen et al. 1974
Palaeolima nakamurai Nakazawa 1999
Palaeolima petaline Zhang 1981
Palaeolima retifera Shumard and Swallow 1858
Palaeolima simplex Phillips 1836
Paleolima triplistriata Stevens 1858
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Invalid names: Lima fasciculata Girty 1911 [synonym], Lima krotowi Mark 1912 [synonym]
Invalid names: Palaeolima anshunensis Xu 1980 [nomen nudum], Palaeolima nodosocostata Xu 1980 [nomen nudum], Palaeolima planocosta Xu 1980 [nomen nudum], Palaeolima striatocostata Xu 1980 [nomen nudum]
G. †Plagiostoma Sowerby 1814
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Lima (Plagiostoma) anonii Greppin 1899
Lima (Plagiostoma) bynei Cox and Arkell 1948
Lima (Plagiostoma) hellica d'Orbigny 1850
Lima (Plagiostoma) hoperi Mantell 1822
Lima (Plagiostoma) mysica Bittner 1891
Lima (Plagiostoma) notata de Loriol 1878
Lima (Plagiostoma) paolii Stefanini 1939
Lima (Plagiostoma) perplana von Koenen 1897
Lima (Plagiostoma) rigida Sowerby 1815
Plagiostoma angulatum Münster 1841
Plagiostoma aurita Popov 1964
Plagiostoma bellula Morris and Lycett 1853
Plagiostoma delettrei Coquand 1852
Plagiostoma deltoideum Girty 1909
Plagiostoma euximium Bayle 1878
Plagiostoma gigantea Boehm 1911
Plagiostoma giganteum Sowerby 1814
Plagiostoma harronis Dacque 1905
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Invalid names: Lima (Plagiostoma) bianchii Jaboli 1959 [synonym]
Plagiostoma hermanni Voltz 1830
Plagiostoma hesione D'Orbigny 1850
Plagiostoma hoperi Mantell 1822
Plagiostoma immensum Repin 2013
Plagiostoma inversa Waagen 1881
Plagiostoma lenaensis Kurushin 1998
Plagiostoma malinovskyi Bychkov et al. 1976
Plagiostoma marticensis Matheron 1843
Plagiostoma nudum Parona 1889
Plagiostoma ootatoorensis Stoliczka 1871
Plagiostoma popovi Kurushin 1985
Plagiostoma praecursor Quenstedt 1856
Plagiostoma pratzi Boehm 1881
Plagiostoma punctata Sowerby 1818
Plagiostoma punctatum Sowerby 1818
Plagiostoma rigida Sowerby 1815
Plagiostoma rodburgensis Whidborne 1883
Plagiostoma semicircularis Goldfuss 1835
Plagiostoma striatum Schlotheim 1820
Plagiostoma sublaeviusculum Krumbeck 1905
Plagiostoma subpunctatoides Krumbeck 1924
Plagiostoma subsimplex Thomas and Peron 1891
Plagiostoma subvaloniense Krumbeck 1923
Plagiostoma tihensis Abbass 1962
G. Platilimaria Habe 1977
G. Plicacesta Vokes 1963
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+
Invalid names: Lima perrini Waring 1914 [synonym]
G. †Pseudoctenostreon Burckhardt 1930
G. †Pseudolimea Douglas and Arkell 1932
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Lima kerri Stephenson 1923
Lima kimbroensis Stephenson 1941
Lima pelagica woolseyi Stephenson 1941
Lima sellardsi Stephenson 1941
Limea (Pseudolimea) cristata Dumortier 1869
Pseudolimea chongi Hayami et al. 1977
Pseudolimea composita Sowerby 1836
Pseudolimea cumaunica Bittner 1899
Pseudolimea dilatata von Koenen 1897
Pseudolimea duplicata Sowerby 1814
Pseudolimea fida Marwick 1953
Pseudolimea hettangiensis Terquem 1855
Pseudolimea inanis Marwick 1953
Pseudolimea interplicosa Stoliczka 1871
+
Invalid names: Lima bleicheri Thomas and Peron 1890 [synonym]
Pseudolimea itieriana Pictet and Roux 1852
Pseudolimea kaplani Kurushin 1987
Pseudolimea koninckana Chapuis and Dewalque 1853
Pseudolimea liasina Gemmellaro 1874
Pseudolimea naumanni Kobayashi and Ichikawa 1951
Pseudolimea neglecta Tate 1867
Pseudolimea reticulata Forbes 1845
Pseudolimea riccardii Damborenea 2012
G. †Pseudolucina Wilckens 1909
G. †Roncania de Gregorio 1896
G. †Serania Krumbeck 1923
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Serania seranensis Krumbeck 1923
G. †Seymourtula Zinsmeister 1988
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Seymourtula antarctica Wilckens 1910
Invalid names: Ctenostreoninae Kasum-Zade 2003 [empty], Liminae Rafinesque 1815 [empty], Mysidiopterinae Waterhouse 2008 [empty], Plagiostominae Kasum-Zade 2003 [empty], Radulidae Adams and Adams 1858 [synonym]
Invalid names: Isolimeidae Kasum-Zade 2003 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calciteo
Composition 2: aragoniteo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: stationaryo
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2007-09-26 09:12:53
Modified: 2009-12-13 03:10:49
Source: o = order, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Famennian to the top of the Holocene or 364.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 360.7 Ma

Collections (3332 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Famennian372.2 - 358.9Germany (Sauerland) Palaeolima sp. (235206)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7China Palaeolima sp. A (162314)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Palaeolima sp. (38266 162207)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7China Palaeolima sp. A (162313)
Jiusian346.7 - 335.2China (Guangdong) Palaeolima sp. (55694)
Asbian340.0 - 336.0United Kingdom (England) Palaeolima sp. (5995)
Brigantian336.0 - 330.9United Kingdom (England) Palaeolima simplex (162351)
Chesterian335.5 - 323.2USA (Arizona) Paleolima chesterensis (124256)
Pendleian330.9 - 327.0United Kingdom (England) Palaeolima simplex (162352)
Serpukhovian330.9 - 323.2USA (Oklahoma) Paleolima inequicostata (5611)
Serpukhovian330.9 - 323.2USA (West Virginia) Palaeolima sp. (56143)
Arnsbergian327.0 - 323.7United Kingdom (England) Palaeolima simplex (162360 162361 162363) Palaeolima sp. (8428)
Bashkirian - Moscovian323.2 - 307.0Argentina Palaeolima antinaoensis (88682 88684 88686)
Bashkirian - Moscovian323.2 - 307.0Argentina (Chubut) Palaeolima antinaoensis (39936)
Alportian322.8 - 321.8United Kingdom (England) Palaeolima simplex (162353)
Westphalian318.7 - 307.5Spain Lima retifera (73298)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0Argentina (La Rioja) Palaeolima sp. (39939)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0Svalbard and Jan Mayen Palaeolima sp. (212497)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0USA (Kentucky) Lima retifera (195795)
Kashirian - Myachkovian313.8 - 307.0USA (New Mexico) Paleolima sp. (46548)