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Sirenia (sirenian)

Mammalia - Sirenia

Taxonomy
Sirenia was named by Illiger (1811). It is extant.

It was reranked as the order Sirenia by Brandt (1849), Gill (1872), Leidy (1873), Cope (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Parker and Haswell (1897), Gadow (1898), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Abel (1919), Hay (1930), McKenna (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Takahashi et al. (1986), Domning (1988), Domning (1991), Domning (1996), Domning (1997), Madsen et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Seiffert (2007), Asher and Helgen (2010), Bajpai et al. (2010), Voss et al. (2016), Domning et al. (2017), Voss et al. (2017), Voss and Hampe (2017) and Díaz-Berenguer et al. (2018); it was reranked as the suborder Sirenia by Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Gray (1864), Gray (1866) and Zittel (1925); it was reranked as the order Sirenii by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the infraorder Sirenia by Canto et al. (2010); it was reranked as the unranked clade Sirenia by Fischer (1829) and Velez-Juarbe and Wood (2018).

It was assigned to Natantia by Illiger (1811); to Cete by Fischer (1829); to Cetacea by Brandt (1849); to Pinnata by Bonaparte (1850); to Cete by Gray (1850); to Cetacea by Gray (1863), Gray (1864) and Gray (1866); to Educabilia by Gill (1872); to Halobioidea by Ameghino (1889); to Mutilata by Cope (1889); to Eutheria by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Eutheria by Parker and Haswell (1897); to Monodelphia by Hay (1902); to Holotheria by Jaekel (1911); to Subungulata by Zittel (1925); to Ungulata by Hay (1930); to Eutheria by Flower (1883), Gadow (1898), Carroll (1988) and Nowak (1991); to Paenungulata by Waddell et al. (1999); to Afrotheria by Madsen et al. (2001); to Mammalia by Leidy (1873), Trouessart (1898), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Abel (1919), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Takahashi et al. (1986), Domning (1988), Domning (1991), Domning (1997), Sepkoski (2002) and Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Pansirenia by Velez-Juarbe and Wood (2018); and to Tethytheria by McKenna (1975), Domning (1996), Waddell et al. (2001), Gheerbrandt et al. (2005), Seiffert (2007), Canto et al. (2010), Asher and Helgen (2010), Bajpai et al. (2010), Voss et al. (2016), Domning et al. (2017), Voss et al. (2017), Voss and Hampe (2017) and Díaz-Berenguer et al. (2018).

Subtaxa
Crassitherium, Dugongidae (syn. Halicoroidea, Halicorida, Halicoridae), Dugongoidea, Manatherium, Manatus inornatus, Prorastomidae (syn. Prorastomatidae), Prorastomoidea, Protosirenidae, Pugmeodon, Rhytinidae, Sirenotherium, Sirenotherium pirabense, Sobrarbesiren, Trichechidae (syn. Manatoidea, Halicorea, Manatidae, Trichechoidea, Manatida, Halicoreae)
Sister taxa
Dugongidae (syn. Halicoroidea, Halicorida, Halicoridae), Prorastomidae (syn. Prorastomatidae), Protosirenidae, Rhytinidae, Trichechidae (syn. Manatoidea, Halicorea, Manatidae, Trichechoidea, Manatida, Halicoreae)

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1811Sirenia Illiger p. 140
1821Herbivorae Gray p. 309
1827Manatides Billberg p. 32
1829Sirenia Fischer p. 501
1837Manatina Bonaparte
1838Pugmeodon Kaup p. 319
1849Sirenia Brandt p. 1
1850Manatina Bonaparte p. 1
1850Sirenia Bonaparte p. 1
1850Sirenia Gray p. 138
1853Herbivora Bronn p. 777
1863Sirenia Gray p. 198
1864Sirenia Gray p. 247
1866Sirenia Gray p. 62
1871Crassitherium robustum Van Beneden
1871Crassitherium Van Beneden p. 171
1871Crassitherium robustum Van Beneden p. 171
1872Sirenia Gill p. v
1872Crassitherium Gill p. 92
1872Pugmeodon Gill p. 92
1873Manatus inornatus Leidy p. 336
1873Sirenia Leidy p. 336
1883Sirenia Flower p. 184
1885Crassitherium robustum Woodward p. 424
1885Manatus inornatus Woodward p. 424
1886Manatherium Hartlaub p. 378
1889Halobioidea Ameghino p. 652
1889Sirenia Ameghino p. 652
1889Sirenia Cope p. 874
1891Sirenia Flower and Lydekker p. 89
1892Manatus inornatus Lydekker p. 336
1897Sirenia Parker and Haswell p. 451
1898Sirenia Gadow p. 44
1898Manatherium Trouessart p. 999
1898Sirenia Trouessart p. 999
1898Manatus inornatus Trouessart p. 1000
1898Crassitherium Trouessart p. 1004
1898Crassitherium robustum Trouessart p. 1004
1902Sirenia Hay p. 582
1902Trichechus inornatus Hay p. 583
1904Sirenia Case p. 55
1904Manatherium Palmer p. 398
1904Pugmeodon Palmer p. 598
1904Manatherium Trouessart p. 748
1904Trichechus inornatus Trouessart p. 749
1904Crassitherium Trouessart p. 750
1904Crassitherium robustum Trouessart p. 750
1906Sirenia Andrews p. 197
1911Sirenii Jaekel p. 245
1919Sirenia Abel p. 832
1919Manatherium Abel p. 835
1923Trichechiformes Hay p. 109
1925Sirenia Zittel p. 246
1925Manatherium Zittel p. 264
1930Sirenia Hay p. 653
1930Trichechiformes Hay p. 655
1930Halitherium inornatum Hay p. 657
1932Trichechiformes Simpson p. 423
1932Manatherium Simpson p. 424
1941Manatherium Kretzoi p. 154
1941Crassitherium Kretzoi p. 155
1941Trichechiformes Kretzoi p. 385
1953Trichechiformes Pascual p. 167
1956Trichechiformes Paula Couto p. 106
1967Trichechiformes Paula Couto p. 346
1967Sirenotherium Paula Couto p. 347
1967Sirenotherium pirabensis Paula Couto p. 347 figs. Fig. 1-3
1975Sirenia McKenna p. 43
1981Sirenia Thurmond and Jones p. 182
1982Sirenotherium Domning p. 600
1982Sirenotherium pirabensis Domning p. 600
1986Sirenia Takahashi et al. p. 300
1988Sirenia Carroll
1988Sirenia Domning p. 399
1989Trichechiformes Pilleri et al. p. 17
1989Sirenotherium Toledo p. 5
1991Sirenia Domning p. 398
1991Sirenia Nowak
1991Trichechiformes Vidal p. 6
1996Sirenia Domning p. 378
1997Sirenia Domning p. 398
1999Sirenia Waddell et al. p. cover
2001Sirenia Madsen et al. p. 610
2001Trichechiformes Sach and Heizmann p. 42
2001Sirenia Waddell et al. p. 148
2002Sirenia Sepkoski
2005Sirenia Gheerbrandt et al. p. 297
2005Sirenia Wilson and Reeder
2007Sirenia Seiffert
2010Sirenia Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 15
2010Sirenia Bajpai et al. p. 42
2010Halobioidea Bouchet et al.
2010Sirenia Canto et al. p. 20
2016Sirenia Voss et al. p. 6
2017Sirenia Domning et al. pp. e1299158-2
2017Sirenia Voss and Hampe p. 340
2017Sirenia Voss et al. p. 165
2018Sirenia Díaz-Berenguer et al. p. 3
2018Sirenia Velez-Juarbe and Wood

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Tethytheria
orderSirenia()
orderSirenia()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Sirenia Illiger 1811 [sirenian]
show all | hide all
Fm. Dugongidae Gray 1821 [dugong]
+
G. †Anisosiren Kordos 1979
+
†Anisosiren pannonica Kordos 1979
G. †Caribosiren Reinhart 1959
+
†Caribosiren turneri Reinhart 1959
Subfm. Dugonginae Gray 1821
+
G. †Bharatisiren Bajpai and Domning 1997
+
†Bharatisiren indica Bajpai et al. 2006
†Bharatisiren kachchhensis Bajpai et al. 1987
G. †Callistosiren Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2015
+
†Callistosiren boriquensis Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2015
G. †Corystosiren Domning 1990
+
†Corystosiren varguezi Domning 1990
G. †Crenatosiren Domning 1991
+
†Crenatosiren olseni Reinhart 1976
+
Invalid names: Halitherium olsenensis Reinhart 1972 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Culebratherium Velez-Juarbe and Wood 2018
+
†Culebratherium alemani Velez-Juarbe and Wood 2018
G. †Dioplotherium Cope 1883
+
†Dioplotherium allisoni Kilmer 1965
G. †Domningia Thewissen and Bajpai 2009
+
†Domningia sodhae Thewissen and Bajpai 2009
G. Dugong Lacépède 1799 [dugong]
+
Dugong dugon Illiger 1811 [dugong]
+
Invalid names: Dugong indicus Lacépède 1799 [synonym], Halicore australis Owen 1847 [synonym], Halicore cetacea Heuglin 1877 [synonym], Halicore hemprichii Ehrenberg 1832 [synonym], Halicore lottum Ehrenberg 1832 [synonym], Halicore tabernaculi Ruppell 1843 [synonym], Trichechus dugung Erxleben 1777 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amblychilus Fischer von Waldheim 1814 [synonym], Dugongidus Gray 1821 [synonym], Dugungus Tiedemann 1808 [synonym], Halicora Fleming 1822 [synonym], Halicore [synonym], Platystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1803 [synonym]
G. †Italosiren Voss et al. 2017
+
†Italosiren bellunensis de Zigno 1875
G. †Kutchisiren Bajpai et al. 2010
+
†Kutchisiren cylindrica Bajpai et al. 2010
+
Invalid names: Kotadasiren gracillis Das and Basu 1994 [replaced]
Invalid names: Kotadasiren Das and Basu 1994 [nomen nudum]
G. †Norosiren Samonds et al. 2019
+
†Norosiren zazavavindrano Samonds et al. 2019
G. †Rytiodus Lartet 1866
+
†Rytiodus capgrandi Lartet 1866
+
Invalid names: Thelriope capgrandi Lartet 1866 [synonym]
†Rytiodus heali Domning 2011
Invalid names: Thelriope Pilleri 1987 [objective synonym]
G. †Xenosiren Domning 1989
+
†Xenosiren yucateca Domning 1989
Invalid names: Halicorinae Abel 1913 [synonym], Rhytiodinae Abel 1914 [synonym], Rytiodontinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Thelriopiinae Pilleri 1987 [synonym]
G. †Eotheroides Palmer 1899
+
+
Invalid names: Eotherium majus Zdansky 1938 [synonym], Manatus coulombi Filhol 1878 [synonym], Masrisiren abeli Kretzoi 1941 [synonym]
†Eotheroides babiae Bajpai et al. 2006
†Eotheroides clavigerum Zalmout and Gingerich 2012
†Eotheroides lambondrano Samonds and Zalmout 2009
†Eotheroides sandersi Zalmout and Gingerich 2012
†Eotheroides waghapadarensis Das and Basu 1994
Invalid names: Eotherium Owen 1875 [synonym], Masrisiren Kretzoi 1941 [synonym]
Subfm. †Halitheriinae Gill 1872
+
G. †Eosiren Andrews 1902
+
†Eosiren abeli Sickenberg 1934
†Eosiren imenti Domning et al. 1994
†Eosiren libyca Andrews 1902
†Eosiren stromeri Abel 1913
Invalid names: Archaeosiren Abel 1913 [synonym]
G. †Metaxytherium de Christol 1840
+
†Metaxytherium albifontanum Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
†Metaxytherium aquitaniae Pilleri 1987
†Metaxytherium arctodites Aranda-Manteca et al. 1994
†Metaxytherium crataegense Simpson 1932
+
Invalid names: Metaxytherium calvertense Kellogg 1966 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Felsinotherium ossivallense Simpson 1932 [synonym]
†Metaxytherium krahuletzi Depéret 1895
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Invalid names: Halianassa studeri Meyer 1837 [synonym], Metaxytherium argoviense Pilleri 1987 [synonym], Metaxytherium christoli Fitzinger 1899 [synonym]
†Metaxytherium lovisati Capellini 1886
†Metaxytherium medium Desmarest 1822
+
Invalid names: Halitherium cuvieri de Christol 1832 [synonym], Haplosiren leganyii Kretzoi 1951 [synonym], Hippopotamus intermedius Holl 1829 [synonym], Manatus fossilis Holl 1829 [synonym], Metaxytherium catalaunicum Pilleri et al. 1989 [synonym], Metaxytherium cordieri de Christol in de Blainville 1844 [synonym], Metaxytherium petersi Abel 1904 [synonym]
†Metaxytherium riveroi Varona 1972
†Metaxytherium serresii Gervais 1847
+
Invalid names: Halitherium minor Cope 1883 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Cheirotherium brochii de Blainville 1844 [synonym], Felsinotherium forestii Capellini 1872 [synonym], Felsinotherium gastaldi de Zigno 1878 [synonym], Felsinotherium gervaisi Capellini 1872 [synonym], Felsinotherium subalpinum Isel 1910 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cheirotherium Bruno 1839 [synonym], Felsinotherium Capellini 1872 [synonym], Felsinotherium gunteri Simpson 1932 [nomen nudum], Fucotherium Kaup 1840 [synonym], Halianassa [synonym], Halysiren Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Haplosiren Kretzoi 1951 [synonym], Hesperosiren Simpson 1932 [synonym], Metaxytherium beaumontii de Christol 1844 [nomen dubium], Metaxytherium krahuletzi excelsum Pilleri 1987 [invalid subgroup], Metaxytherium meyeri Abel 1904 [nomen dubium], Pontotherium Kaup 1840 [synonym], Thalattosiren Sickenberg 1928 [synonym]
G. †Prototherium de Zigno 1887
+
†Prototherium ausetanum Balaguer and Alba 2016
†Prototherium intermedium Bizzotto 1983
+
Invalid names: Prototherium montserratense Pilleri et al. 1989 [synonym], Prototherium solei Pilleri et al. 1989 [synonym]
†Prototherium veronense de Zigno 1875
+
Invalid names: Halitherium angustifrons de Zigno 1875 [synonym], Halitherium curvidens de Zigno 1875 [synonym], Paraliosiren suessi Abel 1906 [synonym], Protosiren dolloi Abel 1904 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mesosiren Abel 1906 [synonym], Paraliosiren Abel 1906 [synonym]
G. †Stegosiren Domning and Beatty 2019
+
†Stegosiren macei Domning and Beatty 2019
Invalid names: Archaeosireninae Abel 1914 [synonym], Eotherioidinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Halianassinae Reinhart 1959 [synonym], Halitherida Carus 1868 [objective synonym], Metaxytheriinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Pachyspondylus Brandt 1873 [nomen vanum], Prototheriidae Kretzoi 1941 [invalid subgroup]
Subfm. †Hydrodamalinae Palmer 1895
+
G. †Dusisiren Domning 1978
+
†Dusisiren dewana Takahashi et al. 1986
†Dusisiren jordani Kellogg 1925
+
Invalid names: Halianassa vanderhoofi Reinhart 1959 [synonym]
†Dusisiren reinharti Domning 1978
†Dusisiren takasatensis Kobayashi et al. 1995
G. †Hydrodamalis Retzius 1794 [Steller's sea cow]
+
†Hydrodamalis cuestae Domning 1978 [Cuesta sea cow]
+
Invalid names: Hydrodamalis spissa Furusawa 1988 [synonym]
†Hydrodamalis gigas Zimmermann 1780 [Steller's sea cow]
+
Invalid names: Hydrodamalis stelleri Retzius 1794 [synonym], Manati balaenurus Boddaert 1785 [synonym], Rhytina borealis Brandt 1849 [synonym], Rhytina stellerus Brandt 1849 [synonym], Rytina cetacea Illiger 1815 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1813 [synonym], Haligyna Billberg 1827 [synonym], Manati Steller 1774 [replaced], Nepus Fischer von Waldheim 1814 [synonym], Rhytina Berthold 1827 [synonym], Rhytine Burmeister 1837 [objective synonym], Rytina Illiger 1811 [synonym], Sirene Link 1794 [synonym], Stellerus Desmarest 1822 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rhytinea Brandt 1846 [synonym], Rytinadae Gray 1843 [synonym], Rytineae Brandt 1833 [synonym], Rytinidae Girard 1852 [synonym]
G. †Indosiren von Koenigswald 1952
+
†Indosiren javanensis von Koenigswald 1952
†Indosiren koeningswaldi Sahni and Mishra 1975
G. †Kaupitherium Voss and Hampe 2017
+
†Kaupitherium bronni Krauss 1858
†Kaupitherium gruelli Voss and Hampe 2017
G. †Lentiarenium Voss et al. 2016
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†Lentiarenium christolii Fitzinger 1842
+
Invalid names: Halitherium abeli Spillman 1959 [synonym], Metaxytherium pergense Toula 1899 [synonym]
G. †Miodugong Deraniyagala 1969
+
†Miodugong brevicranius Deraniyagala 1969
G. †Nanosiren Domning and Aguilera 2008
+
†Nanosiren garciae Domning and Aguilera 2008
†Nanosiren sanchezi Domning and Aguilera 2008
G. †Paralitherium Kordos 1977
+
G. †Priscosiren Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
+
†Priscosiren atlantica Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
G. †Prohalicore Flot 1887
+
†Prohalicore dubaleni Flot 1887
G. †Sirenavus Kretzoi 1941
+
†Sirenavus hungaricus Kretzoi 1941
Invalid names: Halicorida Brandt 1868 [synonym], Halicoridae Gray 1825 [synonym], Halicoroidea Gill 1872 [synonym], Halitherium Kaup 1838 [nomen dubium], Halitherium alleni Simpson 1932 [invalid subgroup], Halitherium antillense Matthew 1916 [nomen dubium], Halitherium taulannense Sagne 2001 [invalid subgroup], Rytiodinae Simpson 1932 [empty], Trachytherium Gervais 1849 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Prorastomidae Cope 1889
+
G. †Pezosiren Domning 2001
+
†Pezosiren portelli Domning 2001
G. †Prorastomus Owen 1855
+
Invalid names: Prorastoma Lydekker 1892 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Prorastomatidae Flower and Lydekker 1891 [objective synonym]
Superfm. †Prorastomoidea Heal 1973
+
Invalid names: Eotheroididae Heal 1973 [empty]
Fm. †Protosirenidae Sickenberg 1934
+
G. †Ashokia Bajpai et al. 2009
+
†Ashokia antiqua Bajpai et al. 2009
G. †Dakhlasiren Zouhri et al. 2022
+
†Dakhlasiren marocensis Zouhri et al. 2022
G. †Kilgai Malkani 2019
+
†Kilgai moolakharzani Malkani 2019
G. †Libysiren Domning et al. 2017
+
†Libysiren sickenbergi Domning et al. 2017
G. †Protosiren Abel 1904
+
†Protosiren eothene Zalmout et al. 2003
†Protosiren fraasi Abel 1904
†Protosiren minima Desmarest 1822
†Protosiren sattaensis Gingerich et al. 1995
†Protosiren smithae Domning and Gingerich 1994
G. †Sobrarbesiren Díaz-Berenguer et al. 2018
+
†Sobrarbesiren cardieli Díaz-Berenguer et al. 2018
Fm. Trichechidae Gray 1821 [manatee]
+
Subfm. †Miosireninae Abel 1919
+
G. †Anomotherium Siegfried 1965
+
†Anomotherium langewieschei Siegfried 1965
G. †Miosiren Dollo 1889
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†Miosiren canhami Flower 1874
†Miosiren kocki Dollo 1889
Fm. Trichechinae Gray 1825
+
G. †Potamosiren Reinhart 1951
+
+
Invalid names: Metaxytherium ortegense Kellogg 1966 [synonym]
G. †Ribodon Ameghino 1883
+
†Ribodon limbatus Ameghino 1883
G. Trichechus Linnaeus 1758 [manatee]
+
†Trichechus hesperamazonicus Perini et al. 2020
Trichechus inunguis Natterer 1883 [Amazonian manatee]
Trichechus manatus Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Manatus americanus De Kay 1842 [synonym], Manatus australis Retzius 1794 [synonym], Manatus koellikeri Trouessart 1904 [synonym]
Trichechus senegalensis Link 1795 [West African manatee]
+
Invalid names: Manatus senegalensis Desmarest 1817 [synonym]
Invalid names: Halipaedisca Gistel 1848 [synonym], Manatus Brunnich 1772 [synonym], Neodermus Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Oxystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1803 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trichechina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Invalid names: Halicorea Brandt 1846 [synonym], Halicoreae Brandt 1833 [objective synonym], Manatida Brandt 1868 [objective synonym], Manatidae Gray 1821 [objective synonym], Manatoidea Gill 1872 [objective synonym], Manatus aequatorialis Lacépède 1799 [invalid subgroup], Manatus vulgaris Domning 1996 [invalid subgroup], Trichechoidea Gill 1872 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Anthropocephala Billberg 1827 [objective synonym], Crassitherium Van Beneden 1871 [nomen dubium], Diopia Rafinesque 1815 [objective synonym], Dugongoidea Heal 1973 [empty], Halobioidea Ameghino 1889 [objective synonym], Herbivorae Gray 1821 [synonym], Manatherium Hartlaub 1886 [nomen dubium], Manatides Billberg 1827 [objective synonym], Manatina Bonaparte 1837 [objective synonym], Manatus inornatus Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Pugmeodon Kaup 1838 [nomen oblitum], Rhytinidae Gill 1872 [empty], Sireniformia Burmeister 1837 [objective synonym], Sirenotherium Paula Couto 1967 [nomen dubium], Sirenotherium pirabense Paula Couto 1967 [nomen dubium], Trichechiformes Hay 1923 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinef
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: aquaticf
Diet: herbivoref
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-09-11 17:02:09
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:41:33
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Domning 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.6 Ma

Collections (777 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleogene66.0 - 23.03Libya Halitherium sp. (76981)
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Brazil (Amazonas) Trichechus sp. (217666)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Tunisia Sirenia indet. (87795)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Hungary Eotheroides sp. (49888) Sirenavus sp. (49958) Sirenia indet. (49952 49953 49954 49956 49957 49959) Sirenia indet., Sirenavus sp. (49960)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Pakistan (Balochistan) Kilgai moolakharzani (214011)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Somalia Sirenia indet. (49873)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Jordan Dugongidae indet., Protosirenidae indet. (64351)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Jamaica Prorastomus sirenoides (49874 144125) Sirenia indet. (5241)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Pakistan (Balochistan) Protosiren eothene (28981)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Egypt Protosiren fraasi, Eosiren abeli, Eotheroides aegyptiacum, Manatus coulombi (58456) Protosiren smithae (140129) Protosiren sp. (96975)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3India (Kutch) Eosiren sp., Eotheroides babiae, Eotheroides waghapadarensis, Protosiren fraasi (45590)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France Sirenia indet. (65072)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Senegal Prorastomidae indet. (133429)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Hungary Protosiren fraasi, Sirenavus hungaricus, Protosiren fraasi (49887) Sirenia indet., Anisosiren pannonica (48072)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Spain (Huesca) Sirenia indet. (162506)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Florida) Protosiren sp. (41446)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Libya Sirenia indet. (49943)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3India (Kachchh) Sirenia indet. (45583)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Spain Dugongidae indet. (94579 133618) Halitherium sp. (140180) Sirenia indet. (140199)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Spain (Boltana) Dugongidae indet. (189780)