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Vulpes (fox)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1775Vulpes Frisch
1804Fennecus Desmarest p. 18
1825Fennecus Gray p. 339
1875Fennecus Bourguignat
1875Vulpes Bourguignat
1935Vulpes Schultz and Howard p. 284
1967Vulpes Wilson p. 211
1968Vulpes Kurten p. 114
1978Canis (Vulpes) van Gelder
1980Vulpes Kurten and Anderson p. 173
1981Vulpes Hall
1988Fennecus Carroll
1988Vulpes Carroll
1989Vulpes Wozencraft
1993Vulpes Wilson and Reeder
1997Vulpes Geraads p. 151
2007Vulpes de Bonis et al.
2008Vulpes Wang et al.
2009Vulpes Tedford et al. p. 47
2010Vulpes Werdelin and Peigne p. 618
2011Vulpes Geraads
2013Vulpes Hartstone-Rose et al.
2015Vulpes Geraads et al.
2021Vulpes Bartolini Lucenti
2022Vulpes Koufos

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Ferae()
CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
familyCanidae
genusVulpesFrisch 1775

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Vulpes Frisch 1775 [fox]
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Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877
Vulpes angustidens Thenius 1954
Vulpes beihaiensis Qiu and Tedford 1990
Vulpes bengalensis Shaw 1800 [Bengal fox]
Vulpes cana Blanford 1877 [Blanfords fox]
Vulpes chama Smith 1833 [Cape fox]
Vulpes chikushanensis Young 1930
Vulpes corsac Linnaeus 1768 [Corsac fox]
Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson 1842 [Tibetan fox]
Vulpes galaticus Ginsburg 1998
Vulpes griffithi Blyth 1854
Vulpes hassani Geraads 2011
Vulpes japonica Ognev 1823
Vulpes karagan Erxleben 1777
Vulpes kernensis Tedford et al. 2009
Vulpes lagopus Linnaeus 1758 [Arctic fox]
Vulpes macrotis Merriam 1888 [kit fox]
Vulpes mathisoni Geraads et al. 2015
Vulpes montana Pearson 1836
Vulpes niloticus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803
Vulpes odessana Odintzov 1967
Vulpes pallida Cretzschmar 1826 [pale fox]
Vulpes pensylvanicus Boddaert 1784
Vulpes praecorsac Kormos 1932
Vulpes praeglacialis Kormos 1932
+
Invalid names: Vulpes marinosi Sickenberg 1971 [synonym]
Vulpes pusilla Blyth 1854
Vulpes riffautae de Bonis et al. 2007
Vulpes rooki Bartolini Lucenti 2021
Vulpes rueppellii Schinz 1825 [Ruuppells fox]
Vulpes sinensis Schlosser 1903
Vulpes skinneri Hartstone-Rose et al. 2013
Vulpes stenognathus Savage 1941
Vulpes velox Say 1823 [swift fox]
Vulpes vulgaris Oken 1816
Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus 1758 [red fox]
+
Invalid names: Canis alopex Linnaeus 1758 [synonym], Canis vulpes montana Pearson 1835 [synonym], Vulpes fulva Desmarest 1829 [synonym], Vulpes palmaria Hay 1917 [synonym], Vulpes vulpes cascadensis Merriam 1900 [replaced]
Vulpes zerda Zimmermann 1780 [fennec fox]
Invalid names: Fennecus Desmarest 1804 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. H. Tedford et al. 2009Vulpes differs from Leptocyon in the following features that constitute synapomorphies with all higher Caninae: medial cusplet on I3 absent; zygo- ma strongly arched in lateral view; metatarsal I reduced to proximal rudiment; humerus lacks entepicondylar foramen. Vulpes shares three synapomorphies with other Vulpini: broad paroccipital process; M1 parastyle very weak and separated from preparacrista; and symplesiomorphic presence of M2 meta- conule and associated postprotocrista. Short nasals that rarely extend to level of most posterior position of maxillary-frontal suture is autapomorphic (this feature appears as a homoplasy in a number of Canis species).