| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Littorina
Taxonomy
Littorina was named by Ferussac (1821) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 876]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Turbo (Littorina) by Munster (1841).
It was assigned to Turbo by Munster (1841); to Littorininae by Wilson (1993) and Marquet (1997); to Littorinidae by Holmes (1859), Martin (1904), Clark and Arnold (1923), Gardner (1948), Weisbord (1962), Olsson (1967), Ladd (1972), Kensley (1972), Ward and Blackwelder (1987) and Todd (2001); and to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002).
It was reranked as Turbo (Littorina) by Munster (1841).
It was assigned to Turbo by Munster (1841); to Littorininae by Wilson (1993) and Marquet (1997); to Littorinidae by Holmes (1859), Martin (1904), Clark and Arnold (1923), Gardner (1948), Weisbord (1962), Olsson (1967), Ladd (1972), Kensley (1972), Ward and Blackwelder (1987) and Todd (2001); and to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002).
Species
L. (Littorina), L. (Melaraphe), L. alta, L. aspera, L. coccinea, L. kneri, L. mariana, L. neritoides, L. obtusata (syn. L. lineolata), L. petricola, L. pittsburgensis, L. remondii, L. saxatilis (syn. L. rudis), L. scabra, L. schuttei, L. sheaferi, L. sookensis, L. subobesa, L. tuberculostriata, L. undulata, L. unifasciata (syn. L. diemenensis)
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1821 | Littorina Ferussac |
| 1841 | Turbo (Littorina) Munster |
| 1859 | Littorina Holmes p. 91 |
| 1904 | Littorina Martin p. 239 |
| 1923 | Littorina Clark and Arnold p. 165 |
| 1948 | Littorina Gardner p. 191 |
| 1962 | Littorina Weisbord p. 117 |
| 1967 | Littorina Olsson p. 39 |
| 1972 | Littorina Kensley p. 178 |
| 1972 | Littorina Ladd p. 14 |
| 1987 | Littorina Ward and Blackwelder p. 131 |
| 1993 | Littorina Wilson p. 146 |
| 1997 | Littorina Marquet p. 12 |
| 2001 | Littorina Todd |
| 2002 | Littorina Sepkoski |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Littorina Ferussac 1821
show all | hide all
Subg. Littorina (Melaraphe) Mühlfeld 1828
hide
†Littorina (Melaraphe) gibbosa Etheridge and Bell 1923
†Littorina alta Giebel 1856
Littorina aspera Philippi 1846
†Littorina coccinea Gmelin 1791
†Littorina kneri Giebel 1856
†Littorina mariana Arnold 1909
†Littorina mariana alta Arnold 1909
Littorina neritoides Linnaeus 1758
Littorina obtusata Linnaeus 1758
hide
Invalid names: Littorina lineolata Dautzenberg and Fischer 1915 [synonym]
†Littorina petricola Dall 1908
Littorina pittsburgensis Clark 1915
†Littorina remondii Gabb 1866
†Littorina scabra Linnaeus 1758
†Littorina schuttei Giebel 1856
†Littorina sheaferi Olsson 1967
†Littorina sookensis Clark and Arnold 1923
†Littorina subobesa Cooper 1896
†Littorina tuberculostriata Clarke 1885
†Littorina undulata Gray 1839
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Triassic to the top of the Holocene or 247.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Collections (195 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Triassic | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | L. alta, L. kneri, L. schuttei (201970) | |
| Bathonian | Poland | L. aedilis (91908) | |
| Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | L. muricata (1558 1559 2092 2104 2660) L. sp. (1555) | |
| Early/Lower Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | L. muricata (4093) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | L. muricata (4084 4090 4098) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | France (Normandy) | L. muricata (4080 4780 4853) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | France | L. muricata (4779 4854) | |
| Kimmeridgian | United Kingdom (England) | L. pulcherrima (1569) | |
| Tithonian | United Kingdom (England) | L. paucisulcnta (100654) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | United Kingdom (England) | L. conica (6280) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Tennessee) | L. berryi (88357) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | L. elongata (205466) | |
| Danian | Belgium | L. microscopica (22931) | |
| Thanetian | Poland | L. sp. (27018 27020) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | Mexico (Baja California) | L. sp. (220401) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Texas) | L. eofasciata (7789 83950 84337 178054) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | L. sulcata (42583) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Washington) | L. mountsoloensis (201127) | |
| Bartonian | France (Île-de-France) | L. bernayi (179130) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | L. sulcata (42584 42585) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France (Essonne) | L. obtusangula (9180) | |
| Rupelian | USA (California) | L. remondii (199729) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil (Maranhao) | L. sp. (112597) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Chile | L. sulcosa (78552) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Delaware) | L. sp. (18579) | |
| Badenian | Poland (Holy Cross Mountains) | L. obsoleta (38823) | |
| Tortonian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | L. gigantea (13626) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina (Chubut) | L. ziczac, L. piramidesia, L. saxatilis (42146) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa | Littorina indet. (22219) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | L. sp. (70785 70887) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | L. mariana (220178) L. sp. (97241 97403) | |
| Pliocene | Belgium | L. gibbosa (76982) L. suboperta (76984) | |
| Pliocene | Papua New Guinea | L. scabra (78263) | |
| Pliocene | Vanuatu | L. scabra (78049) | |
| Pliocene | Japan | L. brevicula (97111) | |
| Zanclean - Gelasian | USA (California) | L. sp. (214267 214269) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Malaysia | L. scabra (72100) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Florida) | L. sheaferi (79765) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Venezuela | L. sp. (131210) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | United Kingdom (England) | L. littorea (84819) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (California) | L. petricola (96571) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Japan (Fukushima) | L. mandchnrica (62295) | |
| Piacenzian | Japan | L. sp. (97077) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | L. remondi (71106 71107) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa (Western Cape) | L. knysnaensis (110489) L. sp. (91831) | |
| Gelasian | Belgium | L. suboperta (76985) | |
| Gelasian | USA (California) | L. petricola (207673) L. sp. (214280) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | L. littorea (97967 97968 97969 98034 98036 98038 98039 98040 98041 98107 98108) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | L. sp. (69043) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Italy | L. neritoides (78312) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (California) | L. scutulata (202495 202496 223033) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | South Africa (Western Cape) | L. sp. (118303 118311) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | L. scutulata (223075) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Baja California) | L. scutulata (96590 96592 96593 96594) | |
| Pleistocene | Iceland | L. rudis (79897) | |
| Pleistocene | Cuba | L. ziczac (66769) | |
| Pleistocene | South Africa | L. capensis (122945) L. pintado (122941) L. punctata (122933) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (California) | L. scutulata (201624) | |
| Quaternary | USA (California) | L. scutulata (37933 37936 37937 37938 37939 37940 37943 37944 37946 37947) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Morocco | L. littorea, L. obtusata, L. saxatilis, L. neritoides (127581) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | L. scutulata (138723 202492 202493 202494 203095 222663 222664 223329 223525) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Spain | L. angullifera, L. neritoides (128324) L. striata (128384) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Ireland | L. littorea, L. littoralis (178118) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Bermuda | L. lineolata (67950) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Morocco | L. obtusata, L. neritoides (127571) L. obtusata, L. saxatilis (127579) L. sp., L. obtusata, L. neritoides (127580) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Litorina scutulata (222646) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Netherlands | L. littorea (98201) L. littorea, L. saxatilis (98205) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Norway | L. sp. (227461) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Alaska) | L. sitchana (37632) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Portugal (Azores) | L. striata (89618 128466) L. striata, Melarhaphe neritoides (128470) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | L. scutulata (59063 96566 96589 96901 160361 202490 202491 202936 203417 219029 219030 222659 222660 222661 222662) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | L. obtusata, L. saxatilis (75526) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Seychelles | L. scabra (107991) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa (Western Cape) | L. knysnaensis (110492) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Portugal | L. saxatilis, Melarhaphe neritoides (122286) L. striata, Melarhaphe neritoides (122288) Melarhaphe neritoides (122244 122283 122284 122285 122287 122289 122290 122291 122292) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greenland | L. saxatilis (227030) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greenland (Disko Island) | L. palliata, L. saxatilis (227045 227046) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Australia (Western Australia) | L. scabra (63317) Melaraphe unifasciata (63207) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Morocco | L. neritoides (127637) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (British Columbia) | L. sitkana (75232) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico | L. scutulata (52347 67641 67642 67643 226465 226466) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | Iceland | L. sp., L. obtusata, L. saxatilis (75057) L. sp., L. saxatilis (75056) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Baja California) | L. scutulata (96591) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | L. affinis (127359) L. cingulifera (127360) L. littorea, L. obtusata (96706) L. neritoides (76579) L. striata (128385) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan | L. brevicula (97961) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland) | L. sp. (228845) | |
| Holocene | France | L. neritoides (56803) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | L. saxatilis (51005) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Nunavut) | L. saxatilis (66509 66524 66525) | |
| Holocene | Greenland | L. sp. (75215 75216) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | L. saxatilis (66450 66495) |