PBDB Taxon

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Phalium

Gastropoda - Cassidae

Taxonomy

Phalium was named by Link (1807) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-m-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 614,700]. It is extant. It is the type genus of Phaliinae.

It was reranked as Cassis (Phalium) by Johnson (1899) and Maury (1912).

It was assigned to Cassis by Johnson (1899) and Maury (1912); to Cassididae by Schenck (1926), Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947) and Squires (1984); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Cassidae by Nagao (1928), Ladd (1977), Ladd (1982), Squires and Advocate (1986), Squires (1987), Squires (1999), Todd (2001) and Harzhauser (2002); and to Phaliinae by Wilson (1993), Beu (2005) and Beu (2008).

Species

P. (Bezoardica) aequisulcatum, P. (Bezoardica) turricula, P. (Kahua), P. (Menthafontia), P. (Phalium), P. areola, P. bandatum, P. cicatricosum, P. guppyana, P. paraensis, P. taitii, P. undulatum

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. newbernensis, P. reklawensis

Synonyms

Bezoardica was named by Dall (1909). It is extant.

It was reranked as Cassis (Bezoardica) by Watson (1886); it was reranked as Semicassis (Bezoardica) by Cossmann (1903); it was reranked as Cassidea (Bezoardica) by Vredenburg (1925); it was reranked as Phalium (Bezoardica) by Schenck (1926) and Durham (1944); it was synonymized subjectively with Phalium by Harris and Palmer (1947) and Beu (2005).

It was assigned to Cassis by Watson (1886); to Semicassis by Cossmann (1903); to Cassidea by Vredenburg (1925); and to Phalium by Schenck (1926) and Durham (1944).
Bezoardicella was named by Habe (1961). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Phalium by Beu (2005).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1807	Phalium Link p. 112
1886	Cassis (Bezoardica) Watson p. 408
1899	Cassis (Phalium) Johnson p. 77
1903	Semicassis (Bezoardica) Cossmann p. 160
1909	Bezoardica Dall
1912	Cassis (Phalium) Maury p. 84
1925	Cassidea (Bezoardica) Vredenburg p. 271
1926	Phalium Schenck p. 76
1926	Phalium (Bezoardica) Schenck p. 77
1928	Phalium Nagao p. 106
1944	Phalium Durham p. 167
1944	Phalium (Bezoardica) Durham p. 167
1947	Phalium Harris and Palmer p. 327
1961	Bezoardicella Habe p. 43
1977	Phalium Ladd p. 32
1982	Phalium Ladd p. 40
1984	Phalium Squires p. 27
1986	Phalium Squires and Advocate p. 858
1987	Phalium Squires p. 40
1993	Phalium Wilson p. 232
1999	Phalium Squires p. 18
2001	Phalium Todd
2002	Phalium Harzhauser p. 91
2002	Phalium Sepkoski
2005	Phalium Beu p. 46
2008	Phalium Beu p. 361

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
superfamily	Tonnoidea	(Suter 1913)
family	Cassidae	Latreille 1825
subfamily	Phaliinae	Beu 1981
genus	Phalium	Link 1807

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Phalium Link 1807

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Subg. †Phalium (Kahua) Marwick 1928

Subg. †Phalium (Menthafontia) MacNeil and Dockery 1984

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†Phalium (Menthafontia) menthafons MacNeil and Dockery 1984

†Phalium (Menthafontia) mississippiensis Conrad 1848

Subg. Phalium (Phalium) Link 1807

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Phalium (Phalium) glaucum Linnaeus 1758

†Phalium areola Linnaeus 1758

†Phalium bandatum Perry 1811