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Pustularia

Gastropoda - Cypraeidae

Taxonomy
Pustularia was named by Swainson (1840) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-l R]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Cypraea (Pustularia) by Maury (1917) and Ladd (1977).

It was assigned to Nariinae by MacNeil (1960); to Cypraea by Maury (1917) and Ladd (1977); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Erosariinae by Rosenberg et al. (2006); and to Pustulariinae by Soriano (2006).

Synonyms
  • Epona was named by Adams and Adams (1854).

    It was reranked as Cypraea (Epona) by Stoliczka (1868) and Gabb (1869); it was synonymized subjectively with Pustularia by Schilder (1941).

    It was assigned to Cypraea by Stoliczka (1868) and Gabb (1869).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1840Pustularia Swainson
1854Epona Adams and Adams
1868Cypraea (Epona) Stoliczka p. 31
1869Cypraea (Epona) Gabb p. 164
1917Cypraea (Pustularia) Maury p. 116
1960Pustularia MacNeil p. 50
1977Cypraea (Pustularia) Ladd p. 21
2002Pustularia Sepkoski
2006Pustularia Rosenberg et al.
2006Pustularia Soriano p. 44

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
superfamilyCypraeoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyCypraeidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyPustulariinaeGill 1871
genusPustulariaSwainson 1840

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Pustularia Swainson 1840
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Subg. Pustularia (Ipsa) Jousseaume 1884
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Ipsa childreni Gray 1825
Subg. Pustularia (Pustularia) Swainson 1840
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Pustularia cicercula Linnaeus 1758
Pustularia globulus Linnaeus 1758
†Pustularia kamai Beets 1941
†Pustularia lodanensis Schilder 1937
Pustularia margarita Dillwyn 1817
Invalid names: Epona Adams and Adams 1854 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: omnivoref
Diet 2: grazerf
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 07:50:11
Modified: 2009-09-10 09:50:11
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Miocene to the top of the Holocene or 23.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma

Collections (32 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Cuba P. americana (179628)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Indonesia (Java) Paulonaria lodanensis (179713)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Indonesia Erronea kamai (70081 70107) Paulonaria lodanensis (70085)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Guam Cypraea childreni (77939)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Fiji Cypraea childreni (78060)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Fiji Cypraea margarita (68181)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Guam Cypraea childreni (77937)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Japan (Okinawa) P. circercula (42362)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Guam Cypraea globulus (77936)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Vanuatu Cypraea cicercula (78042)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Yemen P. cicercula (55374)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117USA (Hawaii) Cypraea cicercula (89294 89300 89302 89307 89308)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Hawaii) Cypraea cicercula (89289 89290 89400)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Northern Mariana Islands Cypraea childreni (77941)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Seychelles Cypraea cicercula (80966 81007)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Kenya Cypraea globulus (81036 81077 81089)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (Western Australia) Cypraea cicercula (63356)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Djibouti Cypraea cicercula (96787)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Cypraea childreni (43306)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Papua New Guinea (Morobe) Cypraea childreni (97437 97438)