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Taxonomy
Arctocephalus was named by Cuvier (1826) [Sepkoski's age data: Q Plei R Sepkoski's reference number: 746]. It is extant. It is the type genus of Arctocephalini.
It was synonymized subjectively with Callotaria by Allen (1902).
It was assigned to Phocidae by Gray (1850); to Arctocephalina by Gray (1866) and Gray (1871); to Arctocephalini by Mitchell (1968); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Otariinae by Barnes (1989), Vidal (1991) and Koretsky and Barnes (2006); to Otariidae by Gill (1866), Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Zittel (1925), Repenning and Tedford (1977), Carroll (1988), Rice (1998), Bergqvist et al. (1999), Berta (2002), Berta et al. (2006), Berta (2009), Werdelin and Peigne (2010), Berta and Churchill (2012), Boessenecker and Churchill (2015) and Berta (2018); to Otariidae by Wilson and Reeder (2005), Berta et al. (2018) and Tsuzuku and Kohno (2020); and to Arctocephalinae by Scheffer and Rice (1963), Muizon (1978), Berta and Deméré (1986), Riedman (1990), McKenna and Bell (1997), Deméré et al. (2003) and Pereyra and Magnussen (2021).
It was synonymized subjectively with Callotaria by Allen (1902).
It was assigned to Phocidae by Gray (1850); to Arctocephalina by Gray (1866) and Gray (1871); to Arctocephalini by Mitchell (1968); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Otariinae by Barnes (1989), Vidal (1991) and Koretsky and Barnes (2006); to Otariidae by Gill (1866), Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Zittel (1925), Repenning and Tedford (1977), Carroll (1988), Rice (1998), Bergqvist et al. (1999), Berta (2002), Berta et al. (2006), Berta (2009), Werdelin and Peigne (2010), Berta and Churchill (2012), Boessenecker and Churchill (2015) and Berta (2018); to Otariidae by Wilson and Reeder (2005), Berta et al. (2018) and Tsuzuku and Kohno (2020); and to Arctocephalinae by Scheffer and Rice (1963), Muizon (1978), Berta and Deméré (1986), Riedman (1990), McKenna and Bell (1997), Deméré et al. (2003) and Pereyra and Magnussen (2021).
Species
A. (Arctocephalus), A. (Callotaria), A. australis (syn. Arctophoca tropicalis), A. californianus, A. doriferus, A. elegans, A. falklandicus, A. fischeri, A. forsteri, A. forsteri, A. galapagoensis, A. gazella, A. nigriscens, A. nivosus, A. philippi, A. philippii, A. pusillus (syn. A. antarcticus), A. tasmanica, A. townsendi, A. tropicalis, Halarctus delalandii
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1826 | Arctocephalus Cuvier p. 554 |
1850 | Arctocephalus Gray p. 39 |
1866 | Halarctus Gill |
1866 | Arctocephalus Gill p. 7 |
1866 | Halarctus Gill p. 7 |
1866 | Arctocephalus Gray p. 47 |
1866 | Gypsophoca Gray p. 235 |
1866 | Arctophoca Peters |
1866 | Otaria (Arctophoca) Peters |
1869 | Euotaria Gray |
1871 | Arctocephalas Gray p. 4 |
1871 | Arctophoca Gray p. 12 |
1880 | Arctocephalus Allen p. 210 |
1889 | Arctophoca Ameghino p. 342 |
1898 | Arctocephalus Trouessart p. 372 |
1904 | Arctocephalus Palmer p. 117 |
1904 | Gypsophoca Palmer p. 304 |
1904 | Arctocephalus Trouessart p. 279 |
1912 | Arctocephalus Turner p. 173 |
1925 | Arctocephalus Zittel p. 78 |
1963 | Arctocephalus Scheffer and Rice p. 2 |
1968 | Arctocephalus Mitchell p. 1897 |
1977 | Arctocephalus Repenning and Tedford p. 57 |
1978 | Arctocephalus Muizon p. 184 |
1986 | Arctocephalus Berta and Deméré p. 122 |
1988 | Arctocephalus Carroll |
1989 | Arctocephalus Barnes p. 23 |
1990 | Arctocephalus Riedman p. 58 figs. Table 2 |
1991 | Arctocephalus Vidal p. 6 |
1997 | Arctocephalus McKenna and Bell p. 253 |
1998 | Arctocephalus Rice |
1999 | Arctocephalus Bergqvist et al. p. 31 |
2002 | Arctocephalus Berta p. 923 |
2002 | Arctocephalus Sepkoski |
2003 | Arctocephalus Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3 |
2005 | Arctocephalus Wilson and Reeder |
2006 | Arctocephalus Berta et al. p. 496 |
2006 | Arctocephalus Koretsky and Barnes p. 145 |
2009 | Arctocephalus Berta p. 863 |
2010 | Arctocephalus Werdelin and Peigne p. 646 |
2012 | Arctocephalus Berta and Churchill |
2012 | Arctophoca Berta and Churchill p. 212 |
2015 | Arctocephalus Boessenecker and Churchill figs. Fig. 2 |
2018 | Arctocephalus Berta p. 713 figs. Fig. 2 |
2018 | Arctocephalus Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 5 |
2020 | Arctocephalus Tsuzuku and Kohno p. 6 |
2020 | Arctophoca Tsuzuku and Kohno p. 6 |
2021 | Arctocephalus Pereyra and Magnussen p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Arctocephalus Cuvier 1826 [fur seal]
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Subg. Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) Trouessart 1898
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Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) argentata Philippi 1892
Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) brachydactyla Philippi 1892
Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) gracilis Nehring 1887
Arctocephalus (Arctocephalus) leucostoma Philippi 1892
Subg. Arctocephalus (Callotaria) Palmer 1892
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Arctocephalus (Callotaria) alaskanus Jordan and Clark 1899
Arctocephalus (Callotaria) kurilensis Jordan and Clark 1899
Arctocephalus australis Zimmerman 1783 [South American fur seal]
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Invalid names: Arctophoca tropicalis Gray 1872 [synonym]
Arctocephalus californianus Gray 1866
Arctocephalus doriferus Wood Jones 1925
Arctocephalus elegans Peters 1875
Arctocephalus falklandicus Shaw 1800
†Arctocephalus fischeri Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Arctocephalus forsteri Wood Jones 1922
Arctocephalus forsteri Lesson 1828
Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller 1904
Arctocephalus gazella Peters 1875
Arctocephalus nigriscens Gray 1859
Arctocephalus nivosus Gray 1868
Arctocephalus philippii Peters 1866
Arctocephalus pusillus Schreber 1778 [brown fur seal]
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Invalid names: Arctocephalus antarcticus Thunberg 1811 [synonym]
Arctocephalus tasmanica Scott and Lord 1926
Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam 1897 [Guadalupe fur seal]
Arctocephalus tropicalis Gray 1872
Invalid names: Arctophoca Peters 1866 [synonym], Halarctos Gill 1866 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available