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Gnathophiurina
Taxonomy
Gnathophiurida was named by Matsumoto (1915). It is extant.
It was reranked as the suborder Gnathophiurina by Spencer and Wright (1966), O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Myophiuroida by Matsumoto (1915); to Ophiurida by Spencer and Wright (1966); and to Amphilepidida by O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
It was reranked as the suborder Gnathophiurina by Spencer and Wright (1966), O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Myophiuroida by Matsumoto (1915); to Ophiurida by Spencer and Wright (1966); and to Amphilepidida by O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1915 | Gnathophiurida Matsumoto p. 66 |
| 1966 | Gnathophiurina Spencer and Wright p. U99 |
| 2017 | Gnathophiurina O'Hara et al. |
| 2018 | Gnathophiurina O'Hara et al. p. 20 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. Gnathophiurina Matsumoto 1915
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Superfm. Amphiuroidea Ljungman 1867
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Fm. Amphiuridae Ljungman 1867
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G. Amphioplus Verrill 1899
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†Amphioplus uchigoensis Ishida 1992
†Amphioplus venezuelanus Berry 1941
G. Amphiura Forbes 1843
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†Amphiura cretacea Spencer 1907
†Amphiura lymani Waring 1917
†Amphiura plana Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Amphiura sanctaecrucis Arnold 1908
G. †Deckersamphiura Jagt 2000
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†Deckersamphiura inusitata Jagt 2000
†Deckersamphiura vitea Jagt 2001
G. Ophiocnida Lyman 1865
Invalid names: Amphiurinae Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Ophiactininae Matsumoto 1915 [empty]
Invalid names: Amphilepididae Matsumoto 1915 [empty]
Superfm. Ophiactoidea Matsumoto 1915
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Fm. Ophiactidae Matsumoto 1915
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G. Ophiactis Lütken 1856
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†Ophiactis applegatei Martin-Medrano et al. 2009
†Ophiactis sulcata Kutscher and Jagt 2000
Fm. Ophiopholidae O'Hara et al. 2018
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Fm. Ophiotrichidae Ljungman 1867
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G. Ophiothrix Müller and Troschel 1840
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†Ophiothrix bongaertsi Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Ophiothrix cristata Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Ophiothrix royeri de Loriol 1872
Invalid names: Ophiothamnidae O'Hara et al. 2018 [empty]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. Matsumoto 1915 | Radial shield and genital plate articulate by means of a conspicuous socket in the former and of a large, ball-like condyle on the latter. Genital plates, as a rule, firmly fixed to the basal vertebrae. Genital scales short, very wide, flattened, leaf-like. On abradial side of innermost part of each genital slit occurs another short, wide, flattened, leaf-like scale, which is firmly attached to oral shield. Peristomal plates small, or rarely large, usually entire, but. sometimes double. Oral frames, as a rule, with well-developed lateral wings. |