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Taxonomy
Phoca cristata was named by Erxleben (1779). It is extant.
It was recombined as Cystophora cristata by Nilsson (1847), Gray (1850), Gill (1866), Gray (1866), Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Trouessart (1904), Turner (1912), Hay (1930), Friant (1947), Sherman (1952), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Kovacs and Lavigne (1986), Riedman (1990), Koretsky (2001), Deméré et al. (2003), Davis et al. (2004), Cullen et al. (2014), Berta et al. (2018) and Kienle and Berta (2019).
It was recombined as Cystophora cristata by Nilsson (1847), Gray (1850), Gill (1866), Gray (1866), Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Trouessart (1904), Turner (1912), Hay (1930), Friant (1947), Sherman (1952), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Kovacs and Lavigne (1986), Riedman (1990), Koretsky (2001), Deméré et al. (2003), Davis et al. (2004), Cullen et al. (2014), Berta et al. (2018) and Kienle and Berta (2019).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1777 | Phoca cristata Erxleben |
1779 | Phoca cristata Erxleben p. 590 |
1820 | Cystophora borealis Nilsson |
1847 | Cystophora cristata Nilsson p. 299 |
1850 | Cystophora cristata Gray p. 36 |
1866 | Cystophora cristata Gill p. 6 |
1866 | Cystophora cristata Gray p. 41 |
1880 | Cystophora cristata Allen p. 724 |
1898 | Cystophora cristata Trouessart p. 378 |
1902 | Cystophora cristata Hay p. 785 |
1904 | Cystophora cristata Trouessart p. 282 |
1912 | Cystophora cristata Turner p. 193 |
1930 | Cystophora cristata Hay p. 561 |
1947 | Cystophora cristata Friant p. 5 |
1952 | Cystophora cristata Sherman p. 90 |
1963 | Cystophora cristata Scheffer and Rice p. 4 |
1980 | Cystophora cristata Kurten and Anderson p. 207 |
1986 | Cystophora cristata Kovacs and Lavigne p. 1 |
1990 | Cystophora cristata Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2 |
2001 | Cystophora cristata Koretsky p. 87 |
2003 | Cystophora cristata Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3 |
2004 | Cystophora cristata Davis et al. p. 365 |
2014 | Cystophora cristata Cullen et al. p. 1471 figs. Figure 1 |
2018 | Cystophora cristata Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2 |
2019 | Cystophora cristata Kienle and Berta |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cystophora cristata Erxleben 1779 [hooded seal]
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Invalid names: Cystophora borealis Nilsson 1820 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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K. M. Kovacs and D. M. Lavigne 1986 | Cystophora is distinguished from most other
phocid seals by its incisor formula (2/1), the possession of an inflatable proboscis (Fig. la), and the general shape and appearance of the postcanine teeth (King, 1966). In all these characteristics it resembles Mirounga. However, the structure and mechanism of inflation of the proboscis of these two seals is different (Allen, 1880; Berland, 1958, 1966; Gray, 1866; Merriam, 1884). In addition to the inflatable hood (Fig. lb), male Cystophora possess the unique ability to blow from one nostril, usually the left, a red, balloonshaped, nasal septum (Fig. lc, d). Diagnostic skull characteristics (Figs. 2 and 3), associated primarily with the inflatable nasal appendage, are described from King (1972): the cranium is short with a long, wide snout; the interorbital area is toward the back of the skull; the dorsal junction of the maxilla and jugal projects laterally and forms a shoulder rather than a smooth outline; the orbit proper occurs anterior to the jugal; frontonasal area is elevated; nasal openings are wider than in any other phocid; premaxillae, which have a distinct dorsal ridge, do not meet the nasals; the narial basin is "key-hole shaped"; nasals project beyond the anterior edge of the maxilla by about a third of their length; the maxilla is reduced between the preorbital process and the rear edge of the narial basin; the palate is elongate posteriorly, more so than other phocids; the hamular process of the pterygoid is closer to the anterior border of the tympanic bulla than to the front edge of the zygomatic arch; mastoid region is visible on the dorsal aspect of the skull; ventrally the petrosal is visible projecting into the foramen lacerum posterius. |