PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Proboscidea (proboscidean)

Mammalia - Proboscidea

Taxonomy

Proboscidea was named by Illiger (1811). It is extant.

It was reranked as the suborder Proboscidea by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Gadow (1898) and Andrews (1906); it was reranked as the unranked clade Proboscidea by McKenna and Bell (1997), Shoshani and Tassy (2005), O'Leary et al. (2006) and Gheerbrant (2009); it was reranked as the order Proboscidea by Leidy (1873), Cope (1889), Hay (1902), Gregory (1910), McKenna (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Rasmussen et al. (1990), Waddell et al. (1999), Waddell et al. (2001), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Gheerbrandt et al. (2005), Delmer et al. (2006), Seiffert (2007), Sanders (2007) and Asher and Helgen (2010).

It was assigned to Ungulata by Gray (1821); to Ungulata by Flower and Lydekker (1891) and Gadow (1898); to Monodelphia by Hay (1902); to Ungulata by Owen (1848), Flower (1883), Cope (1889) and Andrews (1906); to Ungulata by Gregory (1910); to Eutheria by Carroll (1988) and Nowak (1991); to Behemota by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Afrotheria by Madsen et al. (2001); to Mammalia by Leidy (1873), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Shoshani et al. (1989), Abraczinskas (1993), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Shoshani et al. (2006), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and Sanders (2007); to Paenungulata by Rasmussen et al. (1990), Waddell et al. (1999) and Gheerbrant (2009); and to Tethytheria by McKenna (1975), Lambert and Shoshani (1998), Waddell et al. (2001), Gheerbrandt et al. (2005), Shoshani and Tassy (2005), O'Leary et al. (2006), Delmer et al. (2006), Seiffert (2007) and Asher and Helgen (2010).

Sister taxa

Choerolophodontidae, Gomphotheriidae, Hemimastodontidae, Mastodontidae

Synonyms

Caenobasileus was named by Cope (1877).

It was synonymized subjectively with Mammut by Hay (1902); it was considered a nomen vanum by Osborn (1930).

It was assigned to Proboscidea by Cope (1877).
Caenobasileus tremontigerus was named by Cope (1877).

It was considered a nomen vanum by Osborn (1930).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1811	Proboscidea Illiger p. 96
1821	Proboscidiae Gray p. 305
1848	Proboscidia Owen p. 132
1873	Proboscidea Leidy p. 329
1877	Caenobasileus Cope
1877	Caenobasileus tremontigerus Cope p. 585
1883	Proboscidea Flower p. 185
1889	Proboscidea Cope p. 875
1891	Proboscidea Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1898	Proboscidea Gadow p. 45
1902	Proboscidea Hay p. 706
1906	Proboscidea Andrews p. 99
1910	Proboscidea Gregory p. 466
1975	Proboscidea McKenna p. 43
1981	Proboscidea Thurmond and Jones p. 179
1988	Proboscidea Carroll
1989	Proboscidea Shoshani et al. p. 436
1990	Proboscidea Rasmussen et al. p. 4691
1991	Proboscidea Nowak
1993	Proboscidea Abraczinskas p. 345
1997	Proboscidea McKenna and Bell p. 497
1998	Proboscidea Lambert and Shoshani p. 608
1999	Proboscidea Waddell et al. p. cover
2001	Proboscidea Madsen et al. p. 610
2001	Proboscidea Waddell et al. p. 148
2005	Proboscidea Gheerbrandt et al. p. 297
2005	Proboscidea Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2005	Proboscidea Wilson and Reeder
2006	Proboscidea Delmer et al. p. 423
2006	Proboscidea Hulbert and Whitmore p. 19
2006	Proboscidea O'Leary et al. p. 985
2006	Proboscidea Shoshani et al. p. 17296
2007	Proboscidea Sanders p. 2
2007	Proboscidea Seiffert
2009	Proboscidea Gheerbrant p. 10717
2010	Proboscidea Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
—	Tethytheria
order	Proboscidea	()
order	Proboscidea	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Proboscidea Illiger 1811 [proboscidean]

show all | hide all

G. †Arcanotherium Delmer 2009

†Arcanotherium savagei Court 1995

Subor. †Barytherioidea Andrews 1906

Fm. †Barytheriidae

G. †Barytherium Andrews 1901

†Barytherium grave Andrews 1901

G. †Omanitherium Seiffert et al. 2012

†Omanitherium dhofarensis Seiffert et al. 2012

Fm. †Numidotheriidae Shoshani and Tassy 1996

G. †Daouitherium Gheerbrant and Sudre 2002

†Daouitherium rebouli Gheerbrant and Sudre 2002

G. †Numidotherium Jaeger 1986

†Numidotherium koholense Mahboubi et al. 1986

†Numidotherium savagei Court 1995

Fm. †Choerolophodontidae Gaziry 1976

G. †Afrochoerodon Picford 2001

†Afrochoerodon kisumuensis Picford 2001

†Afrochoerodon zaltaniensis Pickford 2001

G. †Choerolophodon Schlesinger 1917

†Choerolophodon anatolicus Ozansoy 1965

†Choerolophodon chioticus Tobien 1980

†Choerolophodon pentelici Gaudry and Lartet 1856

G. †Cryptomastodon von Koenigswald 1933

†Cryptomastodon martini Koenigswald 1933

Superfm. †Deinotherioidea Osborn 1936

Fm. †Deinotheriidae Bonaparte 1845 [deinothere]

Subfm. †Chilgatheriinae Sanders et al. 2004

G. †Chilgatherium Sanders et al. 2004

†Chilgatherium harrisi Sanders et al. 2004

Subfm. †Deinotheriinae Bonaparte 1845

G. †Deinotherium Kaup 1829

†Deinotherium bozasi Arambourg 1934

†Deinotherium giganteum Kaup 1829

Invalid names: Deinotherium gigantissimum Stef?nescu 1892 [synonym], Deinotherium levius Jourdan 1868 [synonym]

†Deinotherium hobleyi Andrews 1911

†Deinotherium indicum Falconer 1845

†Deinotherium proavum Eichwald 1835

†Dinotherium indicum Falconer 1845

†Dinotherium konigii Kaup 1825

†Dinotherium pentapotamiae Falconer and Lydekker 1876

†Dinotherium sindiense Lydekker 1880

Invalid names: Antoletherium Falconer [synonym]

G. †Prodeinotherium Ehik 1930

†Prodeinotherium bavaricum von Meyer 1831

Invalid names: Dinotherium secundarium Lartet 1836 [synonym], Prodeinotherium cuvieri Kaup 1832 [synonym], Prodeinotherium hungaricum Ehik 1930 [synonym]

†Prodeinotherium hobleyi Andrews 1911

†Prodeinotherium orlovii Sahni and Tripathi 1957

†Prodeinotherium pentapotamiae Falconer and Lydekker 1876

Invalid names: Dinotheriina Bonaparte 1850 [invalid subgroup]

Subor. Elephantiformes Tassy 1988

G. †Dagbatitherium Hautier et al. 2021

†Dagbatitherium tassyi Hautier et al. 2021

Superfm. Elephantoidea Gray 1821

Fm. Elephantidae Gray 1821 [elephant]

Subfm. Elephantinae Gray 1821

Tr. Elephantini Gray 1821

Tr. Loxodontini Osborn 1918

G. †Primelephas Maglio 1970

G. †Emmenodon Cope 1889

G. †Selenetherium Mackaye et al. 2005

†Selenetherium kolleensis Mackaye et al. 2005

G. †Stegodibelodon Coppens 1972

†Stegodibelodon schneideri Coppens 1972

G. †Stegodon Falconer 1857

†Stegodon bombifrons Falconer 1847

†Stegodon florensis Hooijer 1957

†Stegodon ganesa Falconer and Cautley 1875

†Stegodon insignis Falconer 1857

Invalid names: Stegodon orientalis Owen 1870 [synonym]

†Stegodon kaisensis Hopwood 1939

†Stegodon luzonensis von Koenigswald 1956

†Stegodon mindanensis Naumann 1890

†Stegodon sompoensis Hooijer 1964

†Stegodon sondaari van den Bergh 1999

†Stegodon sumbaensis Sartono 1979

†Stegodon syrticus Petrocchi 1943

†Stegodon trigonocephalus Martin 1887

†Stegodon yuanmouensis You et al. 1978

G. †Stegotetrabelodon Petrocchi 1941

†Stegotetrabelodon lybicus Petrocchi 1943

†Stegotetrabelodon orbus Maglio 1970

†Stegotetrabelodon syrticus Petrocchi 1941

Invalid names: Stegodontinae Osborn 1918 [empty], Stegotetrabelodontinae Aguirre 1969 [empty], Suina Gray 1825 [empty]

G. †Paratetralophodon Tassy 1983

Fm. †Stegodontidae Osborn 1918

G. †Stegolophodon Pohlig 1888

†Stegolophodon iravaticus Sein 2020

†Stegolophodon sahabianus Petrocchi 1943

Invalid names: Loxodontinae Osborn 1921 [empty], Mammontinae Osborn 1921 [empty], Mammutoidea [empty]

G. †Hemimastodon Pilgrim 1912

†Hemimastodon annectens Matsumoto 1924

†Tetrabelodon (Hemimastodon) crepusculi Pilgrim 1908

Fm. †Palaeomastodontidae Andrews 1906

G. †Palaeomastodon Andrews 1901

†Palaeomastodon beadnelli Andrews 1901

†Palaeomastodon minor Andrews 1904

†Palaeomastodon parvus Andrews 1905

†Palaeomastodon wintoni Andrews 1905

Invalid names: Phiomiidae Kalandadze and Rautian 1992 [empty]

Unr. Elephantimorpha Tassy and Shoshani 1997

Unr. Elephantida Tassy and Shoshani 1997

Invalid names: Gomphotherioidea Hay 1922 [empty]

G. †Eritreaum Shoshani et al. 2006

G. †Eritreum Shoshani et al. 2006

†Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi Shoshani et al. 2006

Fm. †Mammutidae Hay 1922 [mastodon]

G. †Eozygodon Tassy and Pickford 1983

G. †Losodokodon Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009

†Losodokodon losodokius Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009

G. †Mammut Blumenbach 1799 [mastodon]

†Mammut americanum Kerr 1792 [American mastodon]

†Mastodon americanus alaskensis Frick 1933

Invalid names: Elephas americanus De Kay 1842 [synonym], Mammut ohioticum Blumenbach 1797 [synonym], Mammut progenium Hay 1914 [synonym], Mastodon giganteum Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Pliomastodon adamsi Hibbard 1944 [synonym], Tapirus mastodontoides Harlan 1825 [synonym], Tetracaulodon mastodontoideum Godman 1830 [synonym]

†Mammut borsoni Hays 1834

†Mammut cosoensis Schultz 1937

†Mammut floridanum Leidy 1886

†Mammut furlongi Shotwell and Russell 1963

†Mammut matthewi Osborn 1921

Invalid names: Mammut nevadanus [synonym], Pliomastodon sellardsi Simpson 1930 [synonym], Pliomastodon vexillarius Matthew 1930 [synonym]

†Mammut pacificus Dooley et al. 2019

Invalid names: Leviathan Koch 1841 [synonym], Mastodon Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Missourium Koch 1840 [synonym], Pliomastodon Osborn 1926 [synonym], Tetracaulodon Godman 1830 [synonym]

G. †Sinomammut Mothé et al. 2016

†Sinomammut intermedius Wang 2014

G. †Zygolophodon Vacek 1877

†Zygolophodon aegyptensis Sanders and Miller 2002

†Zygolophodon morotoensis Pickford and Tassy 1980

†Zygolophodon proavus Cope 1873

Invalid names: Mastodon brevidens Cope 1889 [synonym], Mastodon merriami Osborn 1921 [synonym]

†Zygolophodon tapiroides Cuvier 1824

†Zygolophodon turicensis Schintz 1824

Invalid names: Miomastodon Osborn 1922 [synonym], Turicius Osborn 1926 [synonym]

Invalid names: Eozygodontinae McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty], Mammutinae Hay 1922 [empty]

Invalid names: Mammutida Tassy and Shoshani 1997 [empty]

G. †Eritherium Gheerbrant 2009

†Eritherium azzouzorum Gheerbrant 2009

Fm. †Gomphotheriidae Hay 1922 [gomphothere]

G. †Amahuacatherium Romero-Pittman 1996

Subfm. †Amebelodontinae Barbour 1927

G. †Afromastodon Pickford 2003

†Afromastodon coppensi Pickford 2003

G. †Amebelodon Barbour 1927

Subg. †Amebelodon (Amebelodon) Barbour 1927

†Amebelodon floridanus Leidy 1886

Invalid names: Amebelodon sinclairi Barbour 1930 [synonym], Trilophodon hicksi Cook 1922 [synonym], Trilophodon leidii Frick 1926 [synonym], Trilophodon paladentatus Cook 1922 [synonym]

†Amebelodon fricki Barbour 1927

†Amebelodon grandincisivus Schlesinger 1917

†Amebelodon joraki Frick 1933

G. †Archaeobelodon Tassy 1984

G. †Platybelodon Borissiak 1928

†Platybelodon barnumbrowni Barbour 1931

†Platybelodon dangheesis Wang and Qiu 2002

†Platybelodon danovi Borissiak 1928

†Platybelodon grangeri Osborn 1929

†Platybelodon loomisi Barbour 1929

Subfm. †Platybelodontinae Wang et al. 2017

G. †Aphanobelodon Wang et al. 2017

†Aphanobelodon zhaoi Wang et al. 2017

G. †Progomphotherium Pickford 2003

†Progomphotherium maraisi Pickford 2003

G. †Protanancus Arambourg 1945

†Protanancus macinnesi Arambourg 1945

Subfm. †Anancinae Hay 1922

G. †Anancus Aymard 1855

†Anancus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828

†Anancus bensonensis Gidley 1926

†Anancus brazosius Hay 1923

†Anancus capensis Sanders 2007

†Anancus defloccatus Hay 1926

†Anancus kazachstanensis Auberkerova 1974

†Anancus kenyensis MacInnes 1942

Invalid names: Anancus osiris Arambourg 1945 [synonym]

†Anancus lehmanni Gaziry 1997

†Anancus orarius Hay 1926

†Anancus perimensis Falconer and Cautley 1847

†Anancus petrocchii Coppens 1965

†Anancus sinensis Hopwood 1935

†Anancus sivalensis Cautley 1836

Invalid names: Brevirostrinae Osborn 1923 [synonym]

G. †Blancotherium May 2019

†Blancotherium buckneri Sellards 1940

Subfm. †Cuvieroniinae Cabrera 1929

G. †Notiomastodon Cabrera 1929

†Notiomastodon platensis Ameghino 1888

Invalid names: Amahuacatherium peruvium Romero-Pittman 1996 [synonym], Haplomastodon chimborazi Proaño 1922 [synonym], Mastodon bonaerensis Moreno 1888 [synonym], Notiomastodon ornatus Cabrera 1929 [synonym], Stegomastodon superbus Ameghino 1888 [synonym], Stegomastodon waringi Holland 1920 [synonym]

Invalid names: Haplomastodon Hoffstetter 1950 [synonym]

G. †Cuvieronius Osborn 1923

†Cuvieronius arellanoi Ochoterena and Silva 1970

†Cuvieronius hyodon Fischer 1814

Invalid names: Mastodon bolivianus Philippi 1893 [synonym], Mastodon humboldtii Cuvier 1805 [synonym]

†Cuvieronius priestleyi Hay and Cook 1930

†Cuvieronius tropicus Cope 1884

Invalid names: Cordillerion defloccatus Hay 1926 [synonym], Cordillerion orarius Hay 1926 [synonym], Mastodon oligobunis Cope 1893 [synonym]

Invalid names: Cordillerion Osborn 1926 [synonym], Cuvieronius tarijensis Cabrera 1929 [nomen nudum]

G. †Eubelodon Barbour 1914

†Eubelodon morrilli Barbour 1914

G. †Eurybelodon Lambert 2016

†Eurybelodon shoshanii Lambert 2016

G. †Gnathabelodon Barbour and Sternberg 1935

†Gnathabelodon thorpei Barbour and Sternberg 1935

Subfm. †Gomphotheriinae Hay 1922

Tr. †Amebelodontini Barbour 1927

Invalid names: Amebelodontina McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty], Protanancina McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty]

Invalid names: Gnathabelodontinae Barbour and Sternberg 1935 [synonym], Gomphotheriini Hay 1922 [empty]

G. †Gomphotherium Burmeister 1837

†Gomphotherium anguirvalis Osborn 1926

†Gomphotherium angustidens Burmeister 1837

†Gomphotherium brewsterensis Osborn 1926

†Gomphotherium connexus Hopwood 1935

†Gomphotherium emmonsi Hay 1930

†Gomphotherium gratum Hay 1916

†Gomphotherium nebrascensis Osborn 1924

†Gomphotherium ngorora Maglio 1974

†Gomphotherium productum Cope 1874

Invalid names: Gomphotherium pojoaquense Frick 1926 [synonym], Mastodon serridens Cope 1884 [synonym], Megabelodon minor Mawby 1968 [synonym], Ocalientinus ojocaliensis Frick 1933 [synonym], Tetrabelodon lulli Barbour 1914 [synonym], Trilophodon cruziensis Frick 1933 [synonym], Trilophodon joraki Frick 1933 [synonym], Trilophodon phippsi Cook 1928 [synonym]

†Gomphotherium pygmaeus Depéret 1897

†Gomphotherium rugosidens Leidy 1890

†Gomphotherium shensiensis Chang and Zhai 1978

†Gomphotherium simplicidens Osborn 1923

†Gomphotherium wimani Hopwood 1935

Invalid names: Genomastodon Barbour 1917 [synonym], Ocalientinus Frick 1933 [synonym], Serridentinus Osborn 1923 [synonym], Tatabelodon Frick 1933 [synonym], Tetrabelodon Cope 1884 [synonym], Trilophodon Falconer 1857 [synonym], Trobelodon Frick 1933 [synonym]

G. †Konobelodon Lambert 1990

†Amebelodon (Konobelodon) cyrenaicus Lambert 1990

†Konobelodon atticus Wagner 1857

†Konobelodon britti Lambert 1990

G. †Masthodon Proano 1922

†Masthodon chimborazi Proano 1922

G. †Mastotherium Fischer 1814

†Mastotherium hyodon Fischer 1814

Invalid names: Mastodon andium Cuvier 1805 [objective synonym]

G. †Megabelodon Barbour 1914

G. †Morrillia Osborn 1924

†Morrillia barbouri Osborn 1921

G. †Pediolophodon Lambert 2007

†Pediolophodon campester Cope 1877

†Pediolophodon fricki Osborn 1936

G. †Pentalophodon Falconer 1857

†Pentalophodon sivalensis Petrocchi 1943

Subfm. †Rhynchotheriinae Hay 1922

Invalid names: Cuvieroniini Cabrera 1929 [empty], Rhynchorostrinae Osborn 1923 [synonym], Rhynchotheriini Hay 1922 [empty]

G. †Rhynchotherium Falconer 1868

†Rhynchotherium anguirvale Osborn 1926

†Rhynchotherium blicki Frick 1933

Invalid names: Rhynchotherium tlascalae Falconer 1868 [synonym]

†Rhynchotherium euhyphodon Cope 1884

†Rhynchotherium falconeri Osborn 1923

Invalid names: Rhynchotherium browni Osborn 1936 [synonym], Trilophodon edensis Frick 1921 [synonym]

†Rhynchotherium francisi Hay 1926

†Rhynchotherium praecursor Cope 1893

†Rhynchotherium simpsoni Olsen 1957

Invalid names: Aybelodon Frick 1933 [synonym], Blickotherium Frick 1933 [synonym], Dibelodon Cope 1884 [synonym]

G. †Selenolophodon Chang and Zhai 1978

†Selenolophodon spectabilis Hopwood 1935

G. †Serbelodon Frick 1933

†Serbelodon barbourensis Frick 1933

†Serbelodon burnhami Osborn 1933

G. †Sinomastodon Tobien et al. 1986

†Sinomastodon bumiajuensis van der Maarel 1932

†Sinomastodon yangziensis Wang et al. 2014

G. †Stegomastodon Pohlig 1912

†Stegomastodon aftoniae Osborn 1924

†Stegomastodon brasiliensis Lund 1839

†Stegomastodon chapmani Osborn 1924

Invalid names: Mastodon chapmani Hays 1834 [objective synonym]

†Stegomastodon mirificus Leidy 1858

Invalid names: Mastodon successor Cope 1892 [synonym], Stegomastodon arizonae Gidley 1926 [synonym], Stegomastodon rexroadensis Woodburne 1961 [synonym], Stegomastodon texanus Osborn 1924 [synonym]

†Stegomastodon nebrascensis Osborn 1924

†Stegomastodon primitivus Osborn 1936

Invalid names: Rhabdobunus Hay 1914 [synonym]

G. †Synconolophus Osborn 1929

G. †Tetralophodon Falconer 1857

Subg. †Tetralophodon (Lydekkeria) Osborn 1924

†Tetralophodon (Lydekkeria) falconeri Lydekker 1880

Subg. †Tetralophodon (Tetralophodon) Falconer 1857

†Tetralophodon elegans Hay 1916

†Tetralophodon longirostris Kaup 1832

†Tetralophodon precampester Osborn 1923

G. †Torynobelodon Barbour 1929

†Trilophodon (Tetrabelodon) shepardi edensis Frick 1921

Invalid names: Mastodon shepardii Leidy 1870 [nomen dubium], Rhynchotherium rectidens Osborn 1923 [nomen dubium]

Subor. †Mastodontoidea Osborn 1921

Fm. †Bunomastodontidae Osborn 1921

Invalid names: Longirostrinae [empty], Serridentinae Osborn 1936 [empty], Tetralophodontinae van der Maarel 1932 [empty]

Superfm. †Moeritherioidea Osborn 1921

Fm. †Moeritheriidae Andrews 1906

G. †Moeritherium Andrews 1901

†Moeritherium chehbeurameuri Delmer et al. 2006

†Moeritherium gracile Andrews 1902

†Moeritherium lyonsi Andrews 1901

Invalid names: Moeritherium ancestrale Petronievics 1923 [synonym]

†Moeritherium trigonodon Andrews 1904

Invalid names: Moeritherium andrewsi Schlosser 1911 [synonym]

Invalid names: Moeritherium latidens Deraniyagala 1955 [nomen dubium], Moeritherium pharaonensis Deraniyagala 1955 [nomen dubium]

G. †Neodesmostylus Khomenko 1928

†Neodesmostylus primigenius Khomenko 1928

Invalid names: Desmostylus wollosowitschi Pfizenmayer 1927 [objective synonym]

G. †Phiomia Andrews and Beadnell 1902

†Phiomia major Sanders et al. 2004

†Phiomia serridens Andrews and Beadnell 1902

Unr. †Plesielephantiformes Shoshani 2001

Fm. †Phosphatheriidae Gheerbrandt et al. 2005

G. †Phosphatherium Gheerbrant et al. 1996

†Phosphatherium escuilliei Gheerbrant et al. 1996

G. †Saloumia Tabuce et al. 2020

†Saloumia gorodiskii Tabuce et al. 2020

Invalid names: Caenobasileus Cope 1877 [nomen vanum], Caenobasileus tremontigerus Cope 1877 [nomen vanum], Dinotherioidea Osborn 1921 [empty], Euelephantoidea [empty], Hemimastodontidae McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty], Mastodontidae Gray 1821 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

grazerf

Diet 2:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Comments:

life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999 f

Created:

2005-08-26 13:32:09

Modified:

2005-08-26 15:32:09

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Thanetian to the top of the Holocene or 59.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 56.0 Ma

Collections (3379 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	Morocco (Beni Mellal)	Eritherium azzouzorum (77353)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Mali	Numidotheriidae indet., Proboscidea indet. (209422)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Morocco	Daouitherium rebouli (71235) Phosphatherium escuilliei (71233)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Algeria	Proboscidea indet. (71984)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Mali (Gao)	Proboscidea indet., Numidotheriidae indet., Plesielephantiformes indet. (175262)
Ypresian - Lutetian	56.0 - 41.3	Algeria (Bechar region)	Proboscidea indet. (77014)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	India (Kutch)	Moeritheriidae indet. (45590 45592)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Togo	Dagbatitherium tassyi (223952)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Turkey (Ankara)	Proboscidea indet. (84511)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Senegal (Thies region)	Moeritherium sp., Saloumia gorodiskii (36616)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Mali	Moeritherium sp. (136910)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Libya	Phiomia sp., Barytherium sp. (49942)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Western Sahara	Proboscidea indet. (175734)
Bartonian - Late/Upper Eocene	41.3 - 33.9	Libya	Moeritherium lyonsi, Barytherium grave (48077) Numidotherium savagei (174667) Phiomia wintoni, Phiomia minor, Barytherium sp., Moeritherium trigodon (55449)
Bartonian - Priabonian	41.3 - 33.9	Algeria	Moeritherium chehbeurameuri (59733)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Western Sahara	Numidotherium sp. (96686)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Egypt (Fayum)	Moeritherium lyonsi (74737 181545 181547 181548 181549 181550 181551 181552 181553 181554 181555 181556 181557) Moeritherium lyonsi, Barytherium grave (175910)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Egypt	Moeritherium lyonsi, Moeritherium gracile, Barytherium grave (79700)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Egypt	Moeritherium sp. (40516)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Oman (Dhofar)	Barytherioidea indet., Proboscidea indet. (175334) Omanitherium dhofarensis (179726) Omanitherium indet. (192926 192927) Omanitherium sp. (192924) Phiomia sp. (162464)