PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Gemmula

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Turridae

Taxonomy

Pleurotoma (Gemmula) was named by Weinkauff (1875). It is extant. Its type is Gemmula hindsiana.

It was Turris (Gemmula) by Mukerjee (1939) and Oinomikado (1939); it was reranked as Gemmula by Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), MacNeil (1960), Olsson (1964), Sohl (1964), Woodring (1970), Hickman (1976), Ladd (1982), Wilson (1994), Sysoev (1996), Squires (1999), Sepkoski (2002), Baluk (2003), Scarponi and Della Bella (2003), Wienrich and Janssen (2007), Harzhauser et al. (2009) and Bouchet et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Pleurotoma by Brown and Pilsbry (1913) and Vredenburg (1921); to Turris by Mukerjee (1939) and Oinomikado (1939); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); to Turrinae by MacNeil (1960), Olsson (1964), Woodring (1970), Hickman (1976), Wilson (1994), Sysoev (1996), Wienrich and Janssen (2007) and Harzhauser et al. (2009); and to Turridae by Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), Sohl (1964), Ladd (1982), Squires (1999), Baluk (2003), Scarponi and Della Bella (2003) and Bouchet et al. (2011).

Subtaxa

Species lacking formal opinion data

G. askinae, G. asukana, G. encinalis, G. granosa, G. gryi, G. pastoralis, G. reticulata, G. veteratoris, G. wrigleyi

Sister taxa

G. (Coronia), G. (Coroniopsis), G. (Gemmula), G. (Pinguigemmula)

Synonyms

Hemipleurotoma was named as a genus. It is not extant.

It was reranked as Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) by Martin (1904) and Vredenburg (1921); it was synonymized subjectively with Gemmula by Olsson (1964).

It was assigned to Pleurotoma by Martin (1904) and Vredenburg (1921); to Turridae by Turner (1938) and Durham (1944); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).
Eugemmula was named by Iredale (1931). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Gemmula by Bouchet et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1875	Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Weinkauff p. 287
1904	Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) Martin p. 146
1913	Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Brown and Pilsbry p. 505 figs. pl. 22, fig. 4
1921	Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) Vredenburg p. 97
1921	Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Vredenburg p. 102
1931	Eugemmula Iredale
1938	Hemipleurotoma Turner p. 71
1939	Turris (Gemmula) Mukerjee p. 75
1939	Turris (Gemmula) Oinomikado p. 624
1944	Hemipleurotoma Durham p. 181
1944	Gemmula Durham p. 184
1947	Gemmula Harris and Palmer p. 416
1960	Gemmula MacNeil p. 102
1964	Gemmula Olsson p. 92
1964	Gemmula Sohl p. 280
1970	Gemmula Woodring p. 360
1976	Gemmula Hickman p. 82
1982	Gemmula Ladd p. 59
1994	Gemmula Wilson p. 191
1996	Gemmula Sysoev p. 22
1999	Gemmula Squires p. 21
2002	Gemmula Sepkoski
2002	Hemipleurotoma Sepkoski
2003	Gemmula Baluk p. 30
2003	Gemmula Scarponi and Della Bella p. 71
2007	Gemmula Wienrich and Janssen p. 661
2009	Gemmula Harzhauser et al. p. 354
2011	Gemmula Bouchet et al. p. 297

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Turridae	Swainson 1840
genus	Gemmula	(Weinkauff 1875)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Gemmula Weinkauff 1875

show all | hide all

Subg. †Gemmula (Coronia)

†Coronia carmenensis Anderson 1928

†Coronia childreni Lea 1833

Invalid names: Pleurotoma denticulata Edwards 1860 [synonym], Surcula acutirostra Conrad 1854 [synonym]

†Coronia conjuncta Casey 1904

†Coronia montomeryensis Harris 1937

†Coronia nodulina Casey 1904

†Coronia weisbordi Harris 1937

†Gemmula (Coronia) genitiva Casey 1904

†Gemmula (Coronia) ludonorma Harris and Palmer 1947

Subg. †Gemmula (Coroniopsis)

Subg. Gemmula (Gemmula) Weinkauff 1875

Subg. †Gemmula (Pinguigemmula) MacNeil 1960

†Pinguigemmula okinavensis MacNeil 1960

†Gemmula abacta Anderson and Hanna 1925

†Gemmula alazana Cooke 1928

†Gemmula amica Casey 1903

†Gemmula bentsonae Durham 1944

†Gemmula congener Smith 1894

†Gemmula crenulata Lamarck 1804

†Gemmula cretacea Sohl 1964

†Gemmula diabloensis Clark and Woodford 1927

†Gemmula fasteni Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922

†Gemmula gajensis Vredenburg 1925

†Gemmula guindana Merriam and Turner 1937

Gemmula hindsiana Berry 1958

Invalid names: Pleurotoma gemmata Reeve 1843 [replaced]

†Gemmula imitatrix Martin 1916

†Gemmula machapoorensis Maury 1925

Invalid names: Hemipleurotoma bitropis Gardner 1938 [synonym], Turris brassoensis Mansfield 1925 [synonym]

†Gemmula macrobia Edwards 1861

†Gemmula mekranica Vredenburg 1925

†Gemmula mexa Cooke 1928

†Gemmula monerma Edwards 1861

†Gemmula plebeia Sowerby in Dixon 1850

†Gemmula plentopsis Harris and Palmer 1947

†Gemmula rockcreekensis Hickman 1976

†Gemmula sindiensis Vredenburg 1925

†Gemmula tumata Hanna 1927

†Gemmula vaningeni Brown and Pilsbry 1913

Invalid names: Hemipleurotoma eileta Gardner 1938 [synonym]

†Gemmula violeta Hanna 1927

†Gemmula wattsi Anderson and Hanna 1925

†Turris (Gemmula) birmanica Vredenburg 1921

†Turris (Gemmula) pakistanica Eames 1952

†Turris (Gemmula) soriensis Eames 1952

†Turris (Gemmula) thyrsus Vredenburg 1921

Invalid names: Eugemmula Iredale 1931 [synonym], Hemipleurotoma [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	3	12.0	10.4	16.0	10.4	3.23

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:09:25

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:09:25

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 70.60000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (516 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	Coronia sp. (205541)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Georgia)	G. sp. (4277)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	G. cretacea (4246)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	G. cretacea (4121)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	G. cretacea (4126 4127)
Early/Lower Paleocene	66.0 - 61.7	USA (Texas)	Coronia mediavia, Coronia sp. (84474)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Texas)	Coronia childreni (205220) Coronia mediavia (85315 98701) Coronia sp. (205260)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Poland	G. gryi, G. brevior (27625)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Greenland	Hemipleurotoma sp. (22943)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Texas)	Coronia mediavia (108438)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene	66.0 - 58.7	USA (Texas)	Coronia mediavia (86328) Coronia sp. (86438)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Austria (Salzburg)	Pleurotoma juvavica, Pleurotoma kroisbachensis (84335)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	USA (Texas)	Coronia mediavia, Coronia sp. (84651) Coronia ostrarupis (84646)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	USA (Alabama)	Coronia mediavia (2917 2918 2919 84469 84471 86181 86182 86262 90607 205499)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Denmark	Hemipleurotoma gryi, Hemipleurotoma danica (35263 35264 35265 35266 35267)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Greenland	Hemipleurotoma sp. (22944 22945)
Selandian - Ypresian	61.6 - 47.8	USA (Texas)	Coronia anacona (98736)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Virginia)	Coronia sp. A (91859)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Texas)	Coronia sp., Coronia vallare (205455)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	Coronia childreni (86179 90818) Coronia mediavia, Coronia sp. (90439)