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Metopaster parkinsoni
Taxonomy
Goniaster (Goniodiscus) parkinsoni was named by Forbes (1848). It is not extant. It is the type species of Metopaster.
It was recombined as Astrogonium parkinsoni by Dujardin and Hupé (1862); it was recombined as Goniaster parkinsoni by Quenstedt (1876); it was recombined as Goniodiscus parkinsoni by Carpenter (1882); it was recombined as Metopaster parkinsoni by Sladen (1893), Valette (1902), Spencer (1905), Spencer (1907), Spencer (1913), Valette (1915), von Zittel (1924), Spencer and Wright (1966), Ginda (1969), Schulz and Weitschat (1975), Breton (1978), Schulz and Weitschat (1981), Fricot (1983), Breton (1985), Breton (1986), Gale (1987), Wright and Smith (1987), Smith et al. (1988), Gale (1989), Breton (1992), Néraudeau and Breton (1993), Lewis (1993), Villier (1995), Breton (1997), Helm (1997), Villier (2001) and Villier and Odin (2001).
It was recombined as Astrogonium parkinsoni by Dujardin and Hupé (1862); it was recombined as Goniaster parkinsoni by Quenstedt (1876); it was recombined as Goniodiscus parkinsoni by Carpenter (1882); it was recombined as Metopaster parkinsoni by Sladen (1893), Valette (1902), Spencer (1905), Spencer (1907), Spencer (1913), Valette (1915), von Zittel (1924), Spencer and Wright (1966), Ginda (1969), Schulz and Weitschat (1975), Breton (1978), Schulz and Weitschat (1981), Fricot (1983), Breton (1985), Breton (1986), Gale (1987), Wright and Smith (1987), Smith et al. (1988), Gale (1989), Breton (1992), Néraudeau and Breton (1993), Lewis (1993), Villier (1995), Breton (1997), Helm (1997), Villier (2001) and Villier and Odin (2001).
Subspecies
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1848 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) mantelli Forbes p. 472 |
1848 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) parkinsoni Forbes p. 472 |
1848 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) bowerbankii Forbes p. 473 |
1848 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) rectilineus McCoy p. 408 |
1850 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) mantelli Forbes p. 332 figs. pl. 23 fig. 11, 12 |
1850 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) parkinsoni Forbes p. 332 figs. 332, pl. 21, fig. 10, 11, pl. 22, fig. 5 |
1850 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) bowerbankii Forbes p. 333 figs. pl. 22 fig. 4 |
1850 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) compactus Forbes p. 333 figs. pl. 22 fig. 3 |
1854 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) bowerbankii Morris p. 81 |
1854 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) mantelli Morris p. 81 |
1854 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) rectilineus Morris p. 81 |
1862 | Astrogonium bowerbankii Dujardin and Hupé p. 399 |
1862 | Astrogonium compactum Dujardin and Hupé p. 399 |
1862 | Astrogonium mantelli Dujardin and Hupé p. 399 |
1862 | Astrogonium parkinsoni Dujardin and Hupé p. 399 |
1876 | Goniaster parkinsoni Quenstedt p. 59 figs. pl. 92, fig. 6-8 |
1876 | Goniaster bowerbankii Quenstedt p. 60 figs. pl. 92 fig. 10 |
1876 | Goniaster compactus Quenstedt p. 60 figs. pl. 92 fig. 9 |
1882 | Goniodiscus bowerbankii Carpenter p. 530 |
1882 | Goniodiscus compactus Carpenter p. 530 |
1882 | Goniodiscus mantelli Carpenter p. 530 |
1882 | Goniodiscus parkinsoni Carpenter p. 530 |
1893 | Metopaster parkinsoni Sladen pp. 31-37 figs. pl. 9, fig. 2; pl. 10, fig. 1-3, 5 only; |
1893 | Metopaster mantelli Sladen pp. 38-41 figs. pl. 13 fig. 2-4 |
1893 | Metopaster bowerbankii Sladen pp. 42-45 figs. pl. 16 fig. 1 |
1893 | Metopaster zonatus Sladen pp. 45-47 figs. pl. 12 fig. 2 |
1902 | Goniaster (Goniodiscus) parkinsoni Fritel p. 79 figs. figs. 4, 5 |
1902 | Metopaster parkinsoni Valette pp. 5-8 figs. fig. 1 |
1905 | Metopaster mantelli Spencer figs. pl. 17 fig. 1 |
1905 | Metopaster parkinsoni Spencer p. 29 figs. fig. 2 |
1905 | Mitraster compactus Spencer pp. 67-68 figs. pl. 17, fig. 2, pl. 26 fig. 3 |
1907 | Metopaster parkinsoni Spencer pp. 117, 124 figs. figs. 17, 33 |
1913 | Metopaster parkinsoni Spencer figs. pl. 10 fig. 5, 13, non fig. 6 |
1913 | Mitraster compactus Spencer p. 117 |
1915 | Metopaster parkinsoni Valette pp. 9-12 figs. fig. 1 |
1924 | Metopaster parkinsoni von Zittel p. 236 figs. fig. 371 |
1940 | Mitraster compactus Wright and Wright p. 239 figs. pl. 14 fig. 10 |
1966 | Metopaster parkinsoni Spencer and Wright p. U57 figs. fig. 53.3 |
1969 | Metopaster parkinsoni Ginda p. 53 |
1975 | Metopaster parkinsoni Schulz and Weitschat pp. 256-257 figs. pl. 24, fig. 1 |
1978 | Metopaster parkinsoni Breton pp. 20-21 |
1981 | Metopaster parkinsoni Schulz and Weitschat p. 39 |
1983 | Metopaster parkinsoni Fricot pp. 9-14 figs. fig. 6-10, pl. 1 fig. 1-10 |
1985 | Metopaster parkinsoni Breton p. 430 |
1986 | Metopaster parkinsoni Breton p. 29 |
1987 | Metopaster parkinsoni Gale pp. 17-20 figs. fig. 9, pl. 1 fig. 6-13, pl. 2 fig. 1-10 |
1987 | Metopaster parkinsoni Wright and Smith p. 213 figs. pl. 47 fig. 1-13 |
1988 | Metopaster parkinsoni Smith et al. p. 199 |
1989 | Metopaster parkinsoni Gale pp. 287-288 figs. fig. 7a, b, d |
1992 | Metopaster parkinsoni Breton pp. 106-119 figs. fig. 7.3, 7.5, 7. 6, fig. 21,33-44, pl. |
1993 | Metopaster parkinsoni Lewis pp. 57-58 |
1993 | Metopaster parkinsoni Néraudeau and Breton p. 109 figs. pl. 1 fig. 1 |
1995 | Metopaster parkinsoni Villier p. 92 figs. fig. 31 |
1997 | Metopaster parkinsoni Breton pp. 137-141 |
1997 | Metopaster parkinsoni Helm p. 103 figs. fig. 11 |
2001 | Metopaster parkinsoni Villier pp. 595-597 figs. fig. 7.7-13 |
2001 | Metopaster parkinsoni Villier and Odin figs. pl. 1 fig. 9 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Metopaster parkinsoni Forbes 1848
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†Metopaster parkinsoni rioulti Breton 1978
Invalid names: Goniaster (Goniodiscus) bowerbankii Forbes 1848 [synonym], Goniaster (Goniodiscus) mantelli Forbes 1848 [synonym], Goniaster (Goniodiscus) rectilineus Forbes 1850 [synonym], Metopaster zonatus Sladen 1893 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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G. Breton 1992 | Form pentagonal, with straight to weakly curved sides. Generally six superomarginals per side (can reach height or more, exceptionally four). Enlarged ultimate superomarginal short to elongate, rounded to narrowed. Rare occurrence of enlarged penultimate superomarginal with a small ultimate one. Intermediate superomarginal short, rarely squared with a convex profile, weakly rounded. Abactinal dome never developed. Inferomarginals rather flattened, profile triangular, external face flattened to slightly concave. Raised central area always differentiated from a depressed margin. Central area with ornament of granule pits. Density of granule pits varies from nearly smoothed to dense uniform coverage of the central area. Abactinal small, hexagonal, with rugosities or more generally granule pits. Pedicellariae pits of winged-type of varied frequency (typically 20% of marginal plates). |