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Hexapodidae
Taxonomy
Hexapodidae was named by Miers (1886). It is extant. Its type is Hexapus.
It was assigned to Xanthoidea by Schweitzer and Feldmann (2001), Schweitzer and Feldmann (2002) and Schweitzer (2005); to Goneplacoidea by Karasawa and Schweitzer (2006) and Schweitzer et al. (2010); and to Hexapodoidea by Feldmann et al. (1995), Schweitzer et al. (2000) and Luque et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Xanthoidea by Schweitzer and Feldmann (2001), Schweitzer and Feldmann (2002) and Schweitzer (2005); to Goneplacoidea by Karasawa and Schweitzer (2006) and Schweitzer et al. (2010); and to Hexapodoidea by Feldmann et al. (1995), Schweitzer et al. (2000) and Luque et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Bellhexapus, Eohexapus, Eurohexapus, Goniocypoda, Hexapinus, Hexaplax, Hexapodinae, Hexapus (type genus), Holthuisea, Lambdophallus, Latohexapus, Paeduma, Palaeopinnixa, Parahexapus, Pseudohexapus, Spiroplax, Stevea, Thaumastoplax, Tritoplax
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1886 | Hexapodidae Miers |
1995 | Hexapodidae Feldmann et al. p. 15 |
2000 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer et al. p. 55 |
2001 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer and Feldmann p. 331 |
2002 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer and Feldmann p. 961 |
2005 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer p. 289 |
2006 | Hexapodidae Karasawa and Schweitzer p. 58 |
2010 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer et al. p. 135 |
2017 | Hexapodidae Luque et al. p. 24 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Hexapodidae Miers 1886
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G. †Eohexapus De Angeli et al. 2010
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†Eohexapus albertii De Angeli et al. 2010
†Eohexapus orthogonius Beschin et al. 2012
G. †Goniocypoda Woodward 1867
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†Goniocypoda audensis Secrétan 1971
†Goniocypoda collinsi Crane and Quayle 1986
†Goniocypoda edwardsi Woodward 1868
†Goniocypoda elmorensis Crane and Quayle 1986
†Goniocypoda quaylei Crane 1981
†Goniocypoda rajasthanica Glaessner and Rao 1960
†Goniocypoda sindensis Glaessner 1933
†Goniocypoda sulcata Carter 1898
†Goniocypoda tessieri Remy and Tessier 1954
†Goniocypoda transsilvanica Bittner 1893
†Goniocypoda verheyeni Fraaije et al. 2007
G. †Hexapinus Manning and Holthuis 1981
G. †Hexaplax Doflein 1904
G. Hexapus De Haan 1833
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Hexapus anfractus Rathbun 1909
†Hexapus decapoda Morris and Collins 1991
†Hexapus estuarinus Sankarankutty 1975
†Hexapus granuliformis Karasawa and Kato 2008
†Hexapus nakajimai Imaizumi 1959
†Hexapus pinfoldi Collins and Morris 1978
†Hexapus sexpes Fabricius 1798
G. †Latohexapus Huang et al. 2002
G. †Paeduma Rathbun 1897
G. †Palaeopinnixa Via 1966
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†Palaeopinnixa alontensis De Angeli et al. 2010
†Palaeopinnixa eocenica Woods 1922
†Palaeopinnixa granulosa Schweitzer and Feldmann 2002
†Palaeopinnixa heckeri Birshtein 1956
†Palaeopinnixa intermedia Collins and Morris 1976
†Palaeopinnixa mytilicola Via 1966
†Palaeopinnixa perornata Collins and Morris 1976
†Palaeopinnixa prima Rathbun 1918
†Palaeopinnixa rathbunae Schweitzer et al. 2000
†Palaeopinnixa rocaensis Feldmann et al. 1995
†Palaeopinnixa rotunda Schweitzer and Feldmann 2001
†Pinnixa (Palaeopinnixa) mytilicola Via 1966
†Pinnixa (Palaeopinnixa) nodosa Collins and Wienberg Rasmussen 1992
G. †Parahexapus Balass 1922
G. †Pseudohexapus Monod 1956
G. †Spiroplax Manning and Holthuis 1981
G. Stevea Manning and Holthuis 1981
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†Stevea cesarii Beschin et al. 1994
†Stevea martini Feldmann et al. 2014
Stevea williamsi Glassell 1938
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†Thaumastoplax anomalipes Miers 1881
Thaumastoplax chuenensis Rathbun 1909
†Thaumastoplax eocenica Woods 1922
Thaumastoplax orientalis Rathbun 1909
†Thaumastoplax prima Rathbun 1918
G. †Tritoplax Manning and Holthuis 1981
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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C. E. Schweitzer and R. M. Feldmann 2001 | arapace rectangular, or rarely, trapezoidal; wider than long, average LAV about 0.68 with range of 0.57-0.83; lat- eral margins steep; regions typically poorly or moderately well defined. Front typically widest distally, axially sulcate, usually extending at least weakly beyond orbits, not deflexed. Orbits usu- ally rimmed, upper margin sinuous; straight frontal margin only partially occupied by orbits, except in Goniocypoda and Globih- exapus; fronto-orbital width to width ratio averaging about 0.45, range of 0.32-0.64; fronto-orbital width to posterior width ratio averaging about 0.63, range of 0.34-0.86. Anterolateral and pos- terolateral margins indistinguishable, often with rim or ridge par- allel to lateral margin; posterolateral reentrant moderately well developed; posterior margin sometimes with small reentrant axial to posterolateral comer; posterior width to maximum width ratio ranging from 0.73-0.93, except in Globihexapus (0.59) and Spi- roplax (0.61). Regions usually poorly defined. Stemite 4 with anterior projections. Stemite 8 obscured and pereiopods 5 miss- ing. Male abdominal somites exhibiting fusion, usually somites 3-5. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
References: Aberhan 1992, Turnsek 1997 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Calabrian or 66.00000 to 0.78100 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.6 Ma
Collections (39 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Danian | USA (Alabama) | Stevea martini (164850) | |
Danian | Argentina (Rio Negro) | Thaumastoplax rocaensis (5162) | |
Danian | Greenland | Pinnixa nodosa (22943) | |
Ypresian | France | Goniocypoda audensis (226630) | |
Ypresian | Italy | Stevea cesarii (207595) | |
Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Goniocypoda edwardsi (135541) | |
Eocene | USA (Washington) | Palaeopinnixa eocenica (138984) | |
Early/Lower Eocene | Peru (Talara) | Thaumastoplax eocenica (165441) | |
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene | Barbados | Pinnixa perornata (185880) | |
Middle Eocene | USA (Washington) | Palaeopinnixa rathbunae (202157) | |
Lutetian | Italy (Monte Bolca, Verona) | Bellhexapus granulatus, Eohexapus albertii, Eurohexapus lobatus, Palaeopinnixa alontensis (127283) | |
Lutetian | Italy (Vicenza) | Bellhexapus granulatus, Stevea cesarii (184968) | |
Lutetian | USA (California) | Palaeopinnixa granulosa (200664) | |
Lutetian | Italy | Eohexapus orthogonius (207553) Stevea cesarii (176657) | |
Lutetian - Priabonian | Egypt | Goniocypoda transsilvanica (232605) | |
Bartonian | USA (Oregon) | Palaeopinnixa rotundus (202318) | |
Bartonian | Pakistan (Northwest Frontier) | Hexapus pinfoldi (202287) | |
Bartonian - Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Goniocypoda edwardsi (140451) | |
Priabonian | Netherlands | Goniocypoda verheyeni (207746) | |
Priabonian | Italy | Bellhexapus granulatus (226756) Bellhexapus granulatus, Palaeopinnixa alontensis (226744) Palaeopinnixa sp. (134950) | |
Aquitanian | Panama | Thaumastoplax prima (42624) | |
Aquitanian | Mexico (Chiapas) | Palaeopinnixa perornata (133885) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Hexapinus sp. (219250) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Venezuela (Lara) | Palaeopinnixa perornata (46384) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Colombia (Atlantico) | Palaeopinnixa perornata (228494) | |
Burdigalian | Japan | Hexapus nakajimai (169411) | |
Burdigalian | Japan (Gifu) | Paeduma sp. (46950) | |
Burdigalian | Venezuela (Falcon) | Palaeopinnixa perornata (228725) | |
Middle Miocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Thaumastoplax prima (74919) | |
Serravallian | Trinidad and Tobago | Thaumastoplax intermedia (171482) | |
Serravallian - Tortonian | Malaysia (Sarawak) | Hexapus decapodus (175181) | |
Tortonian | Malaysia (Sabah) | Hexapus decapodus (185833) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Brunei Darussalam | Prepaeduma decapoda (173581 173590 173591) | |
Gelasian - Calabrian | Philippines (Mindanao) | Hexapus granuliformis (224586) |