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Astrorhizacea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1881Astrorhizacea Brady
1988Astrorhizacea Loeblich and Tappan
2003Astrorhizacea Kiessling

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomChromistaCavalier-Smith 1981
subkingdomRhizaria()
phylumForaminifera(Eichwald 1830)
RankNameAuthor
suborderTextulariinaDelage and Hérouard 1896
superfamilyAstrorhizaceaBrady 1881
superfamilyAstrorhizaceaBrady 1881

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Astrorhizacea Brady 1881
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Fm. Bathysiphonidae Avnimelech 1952
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G. Astrorhizinulla Saidova 1975
G. †Bathysiphon Sars 1872
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†Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman and Hanna 1927
†Bathysiphon eocenicus Huang et al. 2019
†Bathysiphon sanctaecrucis Cushman and Kleinpell 1934
G. †Nothia Pflaumann 1964
+
Invalid names: Nothia Pflaumann 1964 [objective synonym]
G. †Platysolenites Eichwald 1860
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G. Rhabdamminella de Folin 1887
Fm. Diffusilinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1961
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Fm. Dryorhizopsidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
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Fm. Hemisphaeramminidae Loeblich and Tappan 1961
+
Subfm. Crithionininae Hofker 1972
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G. Crithionina Goës 1894
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G. Masonella Brady 1889
G. Pseudowebbinella Shchedrina 1962
G. Verrucina Goes 1896
Subfm. Hemisphaerammininae Loeblich and Tappan 1961
+
G. Ammopemphix Loeblich 1952
G. Iridia Heron-Allen and Earland 1914
G. Lacustrinella Loeblich and Tappan
G. †Mesammina
Subfm. Oryctoderminae Saidova 1981
+
G. Discobotellina Collins 1958
Fm. Hippocrepinellidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
+
Fm. Polysaccamminidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
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G. Goatapitigba Narchi 1962
G. Polysaccammina Scott
Fm. Psammosphaeridae Haeckel 1894
+
+
†Psammosphaera cava Moreman 1930
Subfm. Psammosphaerinae Haeckel 1894
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G. †Cellonina
G. Sorosphaera Brady 1879
G. Spiculosiphon Christiansen 1964
G. †Thuramminoides Plummer 1945
Subfm. †Stegnammininae Moreman 1930
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Fm. Rhabdamminidae Brady 1884
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Subfm. Bathysiphoninae Avnimelech 1952
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G. Psammosiphonella Avnimelech 1952
Subfm. Dendrophryinae Haeckel 1894
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G. †Dendrotuba Rhumble 1894
G. Syringammina Brady 1883
Subfm. Halyphyseminae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
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G. Dendronina Heron-Allen and Earland 1922
G. Halyphysema Bowerbank 1862
G. Nubeculariella Avnimelech
Subfm. Rhabdammininae Brady 1884
+
G. Oculosiphon Avnimelech 1952
G. Rhabdammina Sars in Carpenter 1869
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†Rhabdammina eocenica Cushman and Hanna 1927
G. Testulorhiza Avnimelech 1952
Fm. Rhizamminidae Wiesner 1895
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G. Rhizammina Brady 1879
Fm. Schizamminidae Norvang 1961
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G. Jullienella Schlumberger 1890
G. Schizammina Heron-Allen and Earland 1929
Fm. †Silicotubidae Vyalov 1968
+
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: agglutinatedsubo
Locomotion: stationaryo
Life habit: infaunalsubo
Diet: detritivoresubo
Created: 2007-11-25 07:07:30
Modified: 2009-05-20 07:15:32
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Kiessling 2004, Loeblich and Tappan 1984

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ediacaran to the top of the Tortonian or 635.00000 to 7.24600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 541.0 Ma

Collections (202 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ediacaran635.0 - 541.0Russian Federation (Tomsk) Platysolenites sp. (99183 99184)
Manykaian538.8 - 529.0Norway Platysolenites sp., Platysolenites antiquissimus (51873)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) Platysolenites antiquissimus (233165)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Poland Platysolenites antiquissimus (72260)
Begadean538.8 - 520.0USA (California) Platysolenites antiquissimus (227037)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) Platysolenites antiquissimus (233166 233194 233198) Platysolenites sp. (232906)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Norway Platysolenites sp., Platysolenites antiquissimus (51874)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Platysolenites antiquissimus (87110) Platysolenites antiqussimus (87322)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Sakha) Platysolenites antiquissimus (233167)
Tommotian - Atdabanian525.5 - 516.0Guinea Hemisphaerammina sp., Sorosphaera sp. (7790)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Estonia Platysolenites indet. (10015)
Branchian517.1 - 509.0United Kingdom (England) Platysolenites antiquissimus (79928)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Italy (Sardinia) Psammosphaera cava (26161)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Myanmar Hemisphaerammina bradyi (25737)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Germany Psammosphaera fusca, Rhizammina algaeformis, Webbinelloidea hemispherica (227413)
Kinderhookian358.9 - 352.0USA (Indiana) Psammosphaera sp., Pseudastrorhiza conica, Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis (6734) Pseudastrorhiza conica, Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis (6733)
Chadian346.7 - 340.0USA (Indiana) Pseudastrorhiza sp., Thuramminoides sp. (2249) Sorosphaera sp., Thuramminoides sp. (2185) Thuramminoides sp. (2184 2187 2191 2202 2204 2207 2208 2251 2439 2442 2448)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 340.0USA (Indiana) Pseudastrorhiza sp., Thuramminoides sp. (557) Thuramminoides sp. (556) Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis (8067 8068 8069 8070 8071 8072 8073 8075 8078 8079 8080 8128 8130 8134 8136 8138 8139)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0Egypt (Janub Sina) Bathysiphon curvus, Ceratammina cornucopia (46635) Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis (46632 46634)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Oklahoma) Bathysiphon sp. (8632 8633 8635 8636 8637 8638 8639 8640 8641 8643 8644 8645 8646 8647 8648 8649 8650 8651)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Kansas) Psammosphaera gracilis (217116 217120)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Nebraska) Psammosphaera sp. (94391)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (Oklahoma) Psammosphaera gracilis (217102)
Sakmarian293.52 - 290.1Australia (Western Australia) Psammosphaera sp. 1 (95198) Psammosphaera sp. 2, Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis (95194) Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis (95188 95189 95190 95191 95192 95193 95199 95215 95216)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3Australia (Queensland) Hippocrepinella biaperta (214565) Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis (214546 214547)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Lithuania Psammosphaera bulla (45952 46159 46160)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Hungary Dendrophyra sp., Sagenina sp. (99503 99504)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy Bathysiphon sp. (164191)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Papua New Guinea Psammosphaera cava (67687)
Late/Upper Bajocian171.6 - 167.7Russian Federation (Karachay-Cherkessia) Bathysiphon sp. (198643) Bathysiphon sp., Rhizammina indiviza (198681) Bathysiphon sp., Rhizammina indiviza, Stegnammina spp. (198646 198680) Rhizammina indiviza (198639 198644) Rhizammina indiviza, Stegnammina spp. (198673 198695) Stegnammina spp. (198692)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5Egypt Bathysiphon sp. (99486)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Egypt Bathysiphon sp., Rhabdammina aegyptiaca (99488)
Late/Upper Berriasian145.0 - 140.2Poland (Masovian Voivodship) Rhabdammina cylindrica, Rhizammina indivisa (192536 192620)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8Russian Federation Psammosphaera sp. (65699) Psammosphaera sp., Crithionina sp. (65700)
Early/Lower Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Russian Federation Crithionina sp. (65744 65748)
Early/Lower Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Poland (Masovian Voivodship) Rhabdammina cylindrica, Rhizammina indivisa (192621 192622 192623 192624)
Late/Upper Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Poland (Masovian Voivodship) Rhabdammina cylindrica, Rhizammina indivisa (192625)
Late/Upper Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Russian Federation Crithionina sp. (65751)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Canada (Alberta) Bathysiphon brosgei, Psammosphaera sp. (71368 71369) Bathysiphon brosgei, Rhabdammina sp. (71377) Psammosphaera sp. (71371) Rhabdammina sp. (71370 71376)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Japan Bathysiphon akanosawensis, Bathysiphon alexanderi (28176)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt Bathysiphon robustus, Rhizammina indivisa (141572)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (Alberta) Bathysiphon sp. (71255) Psammosphaera sp. (71363)
Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (Alaska) Bathysiphon sp. (51920)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Austria Bathysiphon sp., Dendrophrya sp. (74489)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Italy Bathysiphon brosgei, Bathysiphon vitta, Bathysiphon californicus, Bathysiphon discretus, Rhabdammina cylindrica, Rhabdammina latissima, Rhabdammina robusta, Rhizammina algaeformis, Rhizammina indivisa (91387)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Italy Bathysiphon brosgei, Rhabdammina cylindrica, Rhabdammina latissima, Rhabdammina robusta, Rhizammina indivisa (91388)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Ukraine Bathysiphon sp., Dendrophrya exscelsa, Dendrophrya latissima (91059) Bathysiphon sp., Psammosphaera scruposa (91067) Bathysiphon sp., Psammosphaera scruposa, Dendrophrya exscelsa, Dendrophrya latissima (91062 91064) Bathysiphon sp., Psammosphaera scruposa, Rhizammina indivisa, Dendrophrya exscelsa, Dendrophrya latissima (91058 91060 91061) Bathysiphon sp., Psammosphaera scruposa, Rhizammina indivisa, Dendrophrya latissima, Dendrophrya exscelsa (91057) Dendrophrya latissima, Dendrophrya exscelsa (91066) Psammosphaera scruposa, Dendrophrya latissima, Dendrophrya exscelsa (91063) Rhizammina indivisa (91065 91068) Rhizammina indivisa, Dendrophrya exscelsa, Dendrophrya latissima (91069)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Ukraine Psammosphaera scruposa, Dendrophrya latissima (91071) Psammosphaera scruposa, Rhizammina indivisa, Dendrophrya latissima (91073) Rhizammina indivisa, Dendrophrya exscelsa, Dendrophrya latissima (91070)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Spain Bathysiphon spp. (154089) Bathysiphon spp., Nothia robusta (154088)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Pakistan Bathysiphon sp. (145130)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Spain Bathysiphon spp. (154090 154096 154098 154101 154104 154105 154106) Bathysiphon spp., Nothia robusta (154097) Nothia robusta (154099)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene55.8 - 37.71Taiwan (N/A) Bathysiphon eocenicus (208353 208354 208359 208360 208361 208362 208363 208534 208537)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Japan (Hokkaido) Bathysiphon vernoni (103769)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene47.8 - 33.9USA (Washigton) Bathysiphon sp. (203155 203156)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Spain (Navarre) Bathysiphon sp. (80238)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (California) Rhabdammina eocenica, Bathysiphon eocenica (185234)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Spain Bathysiphon spp. (141924)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Oregon) Bathysiphon eocenicus (207872 207873 207874) Bathysiphon sp. (207875) Bathysiphon sp., Bathysiphon eocenicus (207871)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Washington) Psammosphaera fusca, Rhizammina sp., Dendrophrya sp. (205200)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9USA (Alaska) Bathysiphon sp. (189957)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Bathysiphon taurinesis (68021)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03North Atlantic Bathysiphon eocenicus (121377)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03USA (California) Bathysiphon sanctaecrucis (185214)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03North Atlantic Bathysiphon eocenicus (121378)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Taiwan (N/A) Bathysiphon eocenicus (208543 208554 208557 208559)
Miocene - Oligocene23.03 - 23.03Canada (Nova Scotia) Bathysiphon sp. (141890)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Austria Bathysiphon filiformis (99160)
Otaian21.7 - 19.0New Zealand Bathysiphon sp. (77488)
Otaian - Altonian21.7 - 15.9New Zealand Bathysiphon sp. (77489)
Middle Miocene - Tortonian15.97 - 7.246Peru Bathysiphon sp., Rhizammina sp. (176144) Psammosphaera sp. (176161)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Marshall Islands Sagenina sp. (43339)