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Polinices (Polinices)
Taxonomy
Polinices (Polinices) was named by Montfort (1810). It is extant.
It was assigned to Polinices by Montfort (1810), Kojumdgieva and Strachimirov (1960), Keen (1971), Marasti (1973), Marincovich (1977) and Ladd (1977).
It was assigned to Polinices by Montfort (1810), Kojumdgieva and Strachimirov (1960), Keen (1971), Marasti (1973), Marincovich (1977) and Ladd (1977).
Subtaxa
Polinices (Polinices) amiculatus, Polinices (Polinices) aurantius, Polinices (Polinices) bifasciatus, Polinices (Polinices) gesteri, Polinices (Polinices) hornii, Polinices (Polinices) limi, Polinices (Polinices) otis, Polinices (Polinices) panamaensis, Polinices (Polinices) pijiguayensis, Polinices (Polinices) powisianus, Polinices (Polinices) susanaensis, Polinices (Polinices) woodsi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Polinices alamedensis, Polinices aratus, Polinices brunneus, Polinices columnaris, Polinices concinna, Polinices cumingianus, Polinices eucallosus, Polinices finlayi, Polinices finlayi, Polinices horni, Polinices huttoni, Polinices julianna, Polinices lewisi, Polinices marambiensis, Polinices medinae, Polinices modestus, Polinices nagahamai, Polinices newtoni, Polinices obstructus, Polinices onustus, Polinices orangensis, Polinices panamensis, Polinices panamensis, Polinices parki, Polinices prolacteus, Polinices propeovatus, Polinices robustus, Polinices saulae, Polinices staringi, Polinices stephensoni, Polinices subtenius, Polinices subvarians, Polinices umbilica
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1810 | Polinices (Polinices) Montfort |
| 1960 | Polinices (Polinices) Kojumdgieva and Strachimirov p. 120 |
| 1971 | Polinices (Polinices) Keen p. 478 |
| 1973 | Polinices (Polinices) Marasti p. 87 |
| 1977 | Polinices (Polinices) Ladd p. 28 |
| 1977 | Polinices (Polinices) Marincovich p. 246 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subg. Polinices (Polinices) Montfort 1810
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†Polinices (Polinices) amiculatus Philippi 1949
Polinices (Polinices) aurantius Lamarck 1822
†Polinices (Polinices) bifasciatus Stoppani 1857
†Polinices (Polinices) gesteri Dickerson 1916
†Polinices (Polinices) hornii Gabb 1864
Polinices (Polinices) limi Pilsbry 1931
†Polinices (Polinices) otis Broderip 1829
†Polinices (Polinices) panamaensis Récluz 1844
†Polinices (Polinices) pijiguayensis Clark and Durham 1946
Polinices (Polinices) powisianus Recluz 1844
†Polinices (Polinices) susanaensis Nelson 1925
†Polinices (Polinices) woodsi Olsson 1928
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| L. Marincovich 1977 | Shell small to medium in size, commonly ovate but may be globose; whorls moderately inflated to subdued; suture slightly impressed; shell thickness average or greater. Umbilical callus nearly always broad and massive, rarely slender, and often nearly closing umbilicus. Parietal callus moderate to heavy. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subg = subgenus, g = genus, f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 70.60000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (72 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (California) | Polinices sp. (220391) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | Polinices tehuacana (205466) | |
| Danian | New Zealand (Otago) | Polinices parki (50174) | |
| Danian | New Zealand (Southland) | Polinices sp. (50213) | |
| Thanetian | Mexico (Baja) | Polinices hornii, Polinices saulae (176456) Polinices saulae (176457) | |
| Thanetian | USA (California) | Polinices hornii (52596 52602 52603 52606) | |
| Thanetian | USA (Texas) | Polinices onustus (205455) | |
| Ypresian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Polinices subtenius (63550) | |
| Ypresian | USA (California) | Polinices gesteri (122656) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Washington) | Polinices gesteri (146900) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | Antarctica | Polinices marambiensis (72403) Polinices newtoni (72404) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Polinices marambiensis (63551) | |
| Lutetian | New Zealand (Canterbury) | Polinices otaioensis (50147) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Russian Federation (Kamchatka) | Polinices tigilensis, Polinices snatolensis (8049) Polinices tigilensis, Polinices snatolensis, Polinices kamtschatica (7275) | |
| Middle Eocene | Indonesia | Polinices cumingianus, Polinices powisianus (70102) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Washington) | Polinices hornii (161922 161924) | |
| Bartonian | Peru (Piura) | Polinices woodi (52527) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Colombia (Bolivar) | Polinices pijiguayensis (3315) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Peru (Piura) | Polinices woodsi (88391) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) | Polinices miocolligens (62882 62883) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) | Polinices miocolligens (62884) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany | Polinices miocolligens (111599) | |
| Langhian | Germany | Polinices miocolligens, Polinices miopusillus, Polinices n. sp. (178468) Polinices miopusillus (178469) Polinices miopusillus, Polinices n. sp. (178467) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) | Polinices miocolligens (61903 61905 61906 61907) | |
| Middle Miocene | Indonesia | Polinices aurantius (70166 70173) Polinices callosior (70081) Polinices cumingianus (63040 70085) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | New Zealand | Polinices mucronatus (45030) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia (Borneo) | Polinices callosior (42310) Polinices cumingianus (42283 42339) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia | Polinices callosior (70078) Polinices callosior, Polinices cumingianus (70077) Polinices cumingianus (70100) | |
| Messinian | Fiji | Polinices cumingianus (78060) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Manabi) | Polinices brunneus (60771) Polinices brunneus, Polinices panamensis (60772) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | New Zealand (Auckland) | Polinices sp. (45256 45258) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Polinices bifasciatus (44037) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador | Polinices otis (131293 131333 131334) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Esmeraldas) | Polinices otis, Polinices carolinensis (41802) Polinices panamanensis (41574) | |
| Pliocene | Ecuador | Polinices rapulum (97638) | |
| Pliocene | Philippines (Tayabas) | Polinices aurantius (41524) | |
| Pliocene | Indonesia | Polinices aurantius (84523) Polinices powisianus (70105 84561) | |
| Pliocene | Fiji | Polinices cumingianus (68180) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Venezuela | Polinices sp. (79710) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Costa Rica | Polinices panamensis (66793) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Polinices caroliniana (79331 79334) | |
| Pleistocene | Philippines (Panay) | Polinices aurantius (41651) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Polinices bifasciatus (89597) |