PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Pseudoliva

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Buccinidae

Taxonomy

Pseudoliva was named by Swainson (1840) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R Sepkoski's reference number: 700]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Gastropoda by Mansfield (1925); to Buccinidae by Woods (1922), Bohm (1926), Turner (1938) and Harris and Palmer (1947); to Olividae by Squires (1984), Kensley and Pether (1986) and Squires (1987); to Pseudolivinae by Rivera (1957), Adegoke (1977) and Vermeij (1998); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. adelekei, P. carinata, P. longicostata, P. ostrarupis, P. samanica, P. santander

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1840	Pseudoliva Swainson
1922	Pseudoliva Woods p. 93
1925	Pseudoliva Mansfield p. 32
1926	Pseudoliva Bohm p. 66
1938	Pseudoliva Turner p. 77
1947	Pseudoliva Harris and Palmer p. 355
1957	Pseudoliva Rivera p. 181
1977	Pseudoliva Adegoke p. 161
1984	Pseudoliva Squires p. 33
1986	Pseudoliva Kensley and Pether p. 193
1987	Pseudoliva Squires p. 42
1998	Pseudoliva Vermeij p. 55
2002	Pseudoliva Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Buccinoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Buccinidae	Rafinesque 1815
subfamily	Pseudolivinae	Cossmann 1901
genus	Pseudoliva	Swainson 1840

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Pseudoliva Swainson 1840

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Subg. †Pseudoliva (Fusopsis) Ravn 1939

†Pseudoliva adelkei Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva binodosa Traub 1938

†Pseudoliva bocaserpentis Maury 1912

†Pseudoliva coronaria Olsson 1930

†Pseudoliva elegans Hislop 1859

†Pseudoliva funkeana Adegoke 1977

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†Pseudoliva funkeana funkeana Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva funkeana ornata Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva guppyi Mansfield 1925

†Pseudoliva inornata Dickerson 1915

†Pseudoliva laudunensis Defrance 1826

†Pseudoliva leutweini Bohm 1926

†Pseudoliva lutulenta Kensley and Pether 1986

†Pseudoliva modesta Olsson 1928

†Pseudoliva monilis Olsson 1928

†Pseudoliva packardi Winkle 1918

†Pseudoliva perspectiva Conrad 1860

†Pseudoliva praetermissa Pacaud and Schnetler 1999

†Pseudoliva reticulata Waring 1914

†Pseudoliva rogersi Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva serrata Traub 1938

†Pseudoliva thielei Bohm 1926

†Pseudoliva tuberculifera Conrad 1860

†Pseudoliva umpquaensis Turner 1938

†Pseudoliva unicarinata Aldrich 1886

†Pseudoliva vetusta Conrad 1833

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†Pseudoliva vetusta carinata Conrad 1860

†Pseudoliva vetusta forma Conrad 1833

†Pseudoliva vetusta perspectiva Conrad 1860

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	2	55.8	42.6	73.1	57.8	21.6

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:10:04

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:10:04

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Paleocene to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 66.00000 to 0.12900 Ma

Collections (306 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Paleocene	66.0 - 61.7	USA (Texas)	P. ostrarupis, P. sp. (84474) P. sp. (86466)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Alabama)	P. sp. (2815 2834 2855 2859 2862) P. sp. A (98428) P. sp. A, P. sp. F (90612)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Belgium	P. curvicostata, P. elisae, P. tenuicostata (22931)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Maryland)	P. longicostata (83135)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Greenland	P. sp., P. praetermissa (22943)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Mexico (Nuevo Leon)	P. nana (42895)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (205466) P. sp. D (92246) P. sp. E (91818)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Alabama)	P. unicarinata (35081)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene	66.0 - 58.7	USA (Texas)	P. ostrarupis (86291)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene	66.0 - 58.7	United Kingdom (England)	P. fissurata (8085)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (California)	P. sp. (11125)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Austria (Salzburg)	P. binodosa, P. serrata (84335)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Germany	P. sp. (3115)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	USA (Texas)	P. ostrarupis (84646) P. ostrarupis, P. sp. (84649 84651)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	Mali	P. sp. (115411)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	USA (Alabama)	P. sp. (85562)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	USA (Alabama)	P. forma, P. sp., P. unicarinata (2919) P. forma, P. unicarinata (2918) P. sp. (84469) P. sp. A, P. vetusta, P. unicarinata (90606) P. unicarinata (98262 205452) P. vestusa (86173) P. vetusta (98418 205499)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Nigeria	P. adelekei, P. funkeana, P. rogersi (7791)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Greenland	P. sp. (22944 22945)
Selandian - Thanetian	61.6 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	P. nanafaliaensis, P. santander (90610) P. sp., P. vetusta (80367)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Texas)	P. ostrarupis (205530) P. ostrarupis, P. sp. (205455)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Maryland)	P. tuberculifera (99260)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	Australia (Victoria)	P. sp. (6266)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	Poland	P. elisae, P. poursanensis (27018) P. poursanensis (27019) P. serrata (27020)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	P. santander (98377) P. santander, P. vetusta, P. tuberculifera (92352) P. tuberculifera (80495) P. vetusta (80421 80761 80763) P. vetusta, P. tuberculifera (80621)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	Trinidad and Tobago	P. bocaserpentis (80170)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Louisiana)	P. santander (101124) P. santander, P. vetusta (98774 101123 101126 101129) P. vetusta (99729)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (California)	P. sp. (52596)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	Mexico (Nuevo Leon)	P. nana (42909)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	USA (Maryland)	P. sp. C (91709)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	USA (South Carolina)	P. sp. (92467)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Virginia)	P. santander, P. vetusta (90473)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Alabama)	P. santander (98276) P. santander, P. vetusta (90609) P. sp. (205272) P. vetusta (80764 80767 80776 80779 80785 80791 80792 83809 83811 90146 90147 194354)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Louisiana)	P. santander, P. vetusta (101125)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Belgium	P. obtusa (77608)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom (England)	P. fissurata (8104 38868)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Texas)	P. santander (7788 7789 83950 84337)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Mississippi)	P. santander (99666 99667 100148) P. sp. (89868 89872)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (California)	P. sp. (167604)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	Nigeria (Imo)	P. sp. (42655)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene	55.8 - 37.71	United Kingdom (England)	P. obtusa (3257)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	United Kingdom (England)	P. nodulosa (8124) P. ovalis (8047)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (California)	P. inornata (94826 200745)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Louisiana)	P. sp. (209378)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Oregon)	P. umpquaensis (201036)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (South Carolina)	P. vetusta (52344)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Mississippi)	P. vetusta (2414 2415 99673)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Alabama)	P. vetusta (1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 81211 81224 81238 81241 81253 81258 81260)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Belgium	P. obtusa (77611)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Texas)	P. santander (205520 205533) P. santander, P. sp. (205440 205503) P. sp. (205417 205436 205470 205478 205539) P. vetusta (1452 1453 90455 90883 205421 205442 205454 205487 205496 205507 205527 205532 205537)
Lutetian - Bartonian	47.8 - 38.0	USA (Alabama)	P. vetusta (205420 205490)
Lutetian - Bartonian	47.8 - 38.0	USA (Texas)	P. vetusta (2412 2413)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Mexico (Nuevo Leon)	P. carinata (42993) P. santander (42990)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	USA (New Jersey)	P. sp. B (91760)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Mexico (Tamaulipas)	P. vetusta (43044)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Peru (Ica)	P. monilis (84680)
Lutetian - Priabonian	47.8 - 33.9	USA (Mississippi)	P. vestusa (1285) P. vetusta (1286 1287 1422)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (South Carolina)	P. vetusta (92355 92487 92489)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Washington)	P. inornata (207129)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Colombia	P. sp. (88278 88279)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Peru (Piura)	P. monilis (88366) P. samanica (52525 52528) P. samanica, P. modesta (52527) P. samanica, P. sp., P. coronaria (52526)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Oregon)	P. sp. (201047)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Texas)	P. santander (205483) P. santander, P. sp. (205414) P. santander, P. sp., P. vetusta (205456) P. santander, P. vetusta (205271 205410) P. sp. (205476 205486) P. sp., P. vetusta (205267 205415 205422) P. vetusta (7437 7438 7439 90454 90656 90658 90885 91087 91839 92243 99026 99040 205265 205266 205425 205429 205430 205433 205461 205477 205480 205481 205484 205485 205515 205531)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (California)	P. inornata (122340)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Alabama)	P. vetusta (2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2440 2441 2443 2453 5312 5318 5321 5322 5332 5334 6788 81266 81278 81282 90469 90600 98355 205438 205489) P. vetusta, P. perspectiva (3503)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Louisiana)	P. vetusta (1413 44408 44518 90305 90449 90630 92157 92303 92304 92347 92348 92357 92374 92388 92389 98675 98676 98688 98787 100147 205501)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Mississippi)	P. perspectiva (3531) P. vestusta (164232) P. vetusta (2435 2444 2446 2449 2451 90471 90643 90704 90706 90707 90708 90709 91050 91097 98496 99628 99632 99675 99736 100142 205498 205508 205526 205535)
Bartonian - Priabonian	41.3 - 33.9	USA (Louisiana)	P. vetusta (92282 99762)
Bartonian - Priabonian	41.3 - 33.9	USA (Arkansas)	P. vetusta (91084)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Mississippi)	P. vetusta (6802 100149)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Japan	P. japonica (179914)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Namibia (Sperrgebiet)	P. thielei, P. leutweini (149316)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Louisiana)	P. sp. (32925) P. vetusta (92294 92298 92300 92301 92358 98687 98689 100143)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Peru (Piura)	P. modesta (88391) P. parinaensis, P. coronaria (52523)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	Mexico (Tamaulipas)	P. vetusta (43057)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Peru	P. sp. (42794)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Chile	P. cepa (78526)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Chile	P. cepa (78521 78525)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Chile	P. sp. (78528)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Trinidad and Tobago	P. guppyi (74956)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	South Africa (Cape)	P. sp. nov. ? (179484)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	South Africa (Western Cape)	P. lutulenta (118306)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Angola	P. crassa (152645)