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Sthenorytis
Taxonomy
Stenorhytis was named by Conrad (1862). It is extant.
It was reranked as Scala (Sthenorytis) by Conrad (1863); it was reranked as Epitonium (Sthenorytis) by Dall (1908) and Durham (1937); it was reranked as Scala (Sthenorhytis) by Brown (1913) and Brown (1913); it was reranked as Epitonium (Sthenorhytis) by Cooke (1919); it was corrected as Sthenorytis by Moore (1984) and Todd (2001); it was misspelled as Sthenorhytis by Sepkoski (2002).
It was assigned to Scala by Conrad (1863), Brown (1913) and Brown (1913); to Epitonium by Dall (1908), Cooke (1919) and Durham (1937); to Epitoniidae by Moore (1984) and Todd (2001); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).
It was reranked as Scala (Sthenorytis) by Conrad (1863); it was reranked as Epitonium (Sthenorytis) by Dall (1908) and Durham (1937); it was reranked as Scala (Sthenorhytis) by Brown (1913) and Brown (1913); it was reranked as Epitonium (Sthenorhytis) by Cooke (1919); it was corrected as Sthenorytis by Moore (1984) and Todd (2001); it was misspelled as Sthenorhytis by Sepkoski (2002).
It was assigned to Scala by Conrad (1863), Brown (1913) and Brown (1913); to Epitonium by Dall (1908), Cooke (1919) and Durham (1937); to Epitoniidae by Moore (1984) and Todd (2001); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).
Species
Epitonium (Sthenorytis) crescentense, Epitonium (Sthenorytis) stearnsii, Epitonium (Sthenorytis) ventricosum, Scala (Sthenorytis) expansa, Scala (Sthenorytis) pachypleura, Sthenorhytis antiguense, Sthenorhytis grenadinarum, S. dianae (syn. S. hertleini, S. paradisi), S. proglobosa, S. turbinus (syn. S. toroensis)
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1863 | Scala (Sthenorytis) Conrad p. 565 |
| 1908 | Epitonium (Sthenorytis) Dall p. 436 figs. pl. 9, figs. 5, 6, 8 |
| 1913 | Scala (Sthenorhytis) Brown p. 612 |
| 1919 | Epitonium (Sthenorhytis) Cooke p. 112 |
| 1937 | Epitonium (Sthenorytis) Durham p. 499 |
| 1984 | Sthenorytis Moore p. 10 |
| 2001 | Sthenorytis Todd |
| 2002 | Sthenorhytis Sepkoski |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Sthenorytis Conrad 1862
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†Epitonium (Sthenorytis) crescentense Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Sthenorytis) stearnsii Dall 1892
†Epitonium (Sthenorytis) ventricosum Clark 1918
†Scala (Sthenorytis) expansa Conrad 1842
†Scala (Sthenorytis) pachypleura Conrad 1841
†Sthenorhytis antiguense Brown 1913
†Sthenorhytis grenadinarum Jung 1971
Sthenorytis dianae Hinds 1844
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Invalid names: Sthenorytis hertleini Olsson 1964 [synonym], Sthenorytis paradisi Hertlein and Strong 1951 [synonym]
†Sthenorytis proglobosa Sacco 1891
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. W. Durham 1937 | Shell heavy, body whorl very large, spire short; sutures deep; axial varices prominent, continuous from whorl to whorl, usually recurved posteriorly; spiral ribs usually heavy, basal keel present; aperture nearly round, entire, no distinct auricle; umbilicus usually covered. Living in Atlantic and Pacific in warm waters, to 805 fathoms in tropics, usually on sandy bottoms. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Beu et al. 1990, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oligocene to the top of the Early/Lower Pliocene or 28.40000 to 3.60000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.1 Ma
Collections (24 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rupelian | USA (Mississippi) | Epitonium witfieldi (5501) | |
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Epitonium subexpansum (99086) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Antigua and Barbuda | Scala antiguensis (80290) | |
| Chattian | USA (Washington) | S. sp. (91623) | |
| Chattian | Hungary | S. pseudoretusa (191168) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Grenada | S. grenadinarum (58730) S. sp. (58727 58729) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy | Stenorhytis proglobosa, Stenorhytis retusa (178108) Stenorhytis retusa (178110) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany | S. proglobosa (188985) | |
| Middle Miocene | Grenada | S. grenadinarum (58668 58669 58678 58679 58680 58684) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Maryland) | Scala pachypleura (55396) | |
| Messinian | Panama | S. toroensis (60698) | |
| Messinian | Panama (Bocas) | S. sp. (61348) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Esmeraldas) | S. turbinus, S. dianae (41762) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Manabi) | S. hertelini (60771) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador | S. turbinus (61239) S. turbinus, S. dianae (41757) |