PBDB Taxon

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Turris

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Turridae

Taxonomy

Turris was named by Röding (1798) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 794]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Gastropoda by Mansfield (1925); to Pleurotomidae by Nagao (1928) and Abbass (1967); to Turrinae by Wilson (1994); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Turridae by Nagao (1928), Oostingh (1935), Mukerjee (1939), Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), Kensley (1972), Marasti (1973), Ladd (1982) and Bouchet et al. (2011).

Species

Pleurotoma (Pleurotoma), Pleurotoma (Tripia), Pleurotoma abundans, Pleurotoma albinoides, Pleurotoma angermanni, Pleurotoma bavarica, Pleurotoma butonensis, Pleurotoma catenata, Pleurotoma catenata, Pleurotoma chehalisensis, Pleurotoma clavicularis, Pleurotoma cochlearis, Pleurotoma congesta, Pleurotoma coronifer, Pleurotoma cristata, Pleurotoma curtistoma, Pleurotoma curvicosta, Pleurotoma dalli, Pleurotoma decliva, Pleurotoma decussata, Pleurotoma dentata, Pleurotoma denticulata, Pleurotoma domenginei, Pleurotoma eborides, Pleurotoma faxensis, Pleurotoma filosa, Pleurotoma furcata, Pleurotoma gemmata, Pleurotoma glabrata, Pleurotoma gracilicostata, Pleurotoma guibersoni, Pleurotoma guppyana, Pleurotoma harpula, Pleurotoma harrisi, Pleurotoma haydeni, Pleurotoma heptagona, Pleurotoma herklotsi, Pleurotoma hilgardi, Pleurotoma ickei, Pleurotoma inaudita, Pleurotoma inflexa, Pleurotoma intorta, Pleurotoma ktolemandoensis, Pleurotoma lineolata, Pleurotoma marginata, Pleurotoma mississippiensis, Pleurotoma monterosatoi, Pleurotoma morreni, Pleurotoma multinoda, Pleurotoma newsomi, Pleurotoma nodulosa, Pleurotoma ocoyana, Pleurotoma pannus, Pleurotoma porcelana, Pleurotoma porrecta, Pleurotoma rotaedens, Pleurotoma sanctaecrucis, Pleurotoma scaliae, Pleurotoma schaeferi, Pleurotoma senilis, Pleurotoma speciosa, Pleurotoma striarella, Pleurotoma sulcata, Pleurotoma togoensis, Pleurotoma transmontana, Pleurotoma transversaria, Pleurotoma turrella, Pleurotoma turricula, Pleurotoma turris, Pleurotoma undata, Pleurotoma veracruzana, Pleurotoma zapoteca, T. (Pleurotoma) nomlandi, T. (Pleurotoma) perissolaxoides, T. (Pleurotoma) thurstonensis, T. (Turris), T. adendanii, T. ahmedi, T. altuscollus, T. andersoni, T. baudoni, T. burroensis, T. cleopatrae, T. elsmerensis, T. fernandoensis, T. garoensis, T. gilchristi, T. higoensis, T. hornesi, T. inconstans, T. kaffraria, T. kirkensis, T. louderbacki, T. monolifera, T. multigyrata, T. suturalis, T. worcesteri

Species lacking formal opinion data

T. bimaniofus, T. constricta, T. coronifera, T. crispa, T. cypris, T. djiki, T. proxima, T. tigrinaeformis

Synonyms

Pleurotoma was named by Lamarck (1800) [I cannot confirm this, but the genus has to be in the database.]. It is not extant.

It was reranked as Murex (Pleurotoma) by Brocchi (1814); it was reranked as Turris (Pleurotoma) by Clark (1918); it was synonymized subjectively with Turris by Hendy (2007).

It was assigned to Murex by Brocchi (1814); to Turris by Clark (1918); to Pleurotomidae by Martin (1904) and Vredenburg (1921); and to Turridae by Woodring (1928).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1798	Turris Röding
1800	Pleurotoma Lamarck
1814	Murex (Pleurotoma) Brocchi p. 427
1904	Pleurotoma Martin p. 146
1918	Turris (Pleurotoma) Clark p. 189
1921	Pleurotoma Vredenburg p. 96
1925	Turris Mansfield p. 14
1928	Turris Nagao p. 121
1928	Pleurotoma Woodring
1935	Turris Oostingh p. 110
1939	Turris Mukerjee p. 75
1944	Turris Durham p. 179
1947	Turris Harris and Palmer p. 415
1967	Turris Abbass p. 121
1972	Turris Kensley p. 181
1973	Turris Marasti p. 96
1982	Turris Ladd p. 63
1994	Turris Wilson p. 194
2002	Turris Sepkoski
2011	Turris Bouchet et al. p. 297

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Turridae	Swainson 1840
genus	Turris	Röding 1798

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Turris Röding 1798

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Subg. Turris (Turris) Röding 1798

†Turris adendanii Abbass 1967

†Turris ahmedi Abbass 1967

†Turris altuscollus Clark 1918

†Turris andersoni Dickerson 1913

†Turris baudoni Deshayes 1866

†Turris burroensis Nelson 1925

†Turris cleopatrae Abbass 1967

†Turris elsmerensis English 1914

†Turris fernandoensis English 1914

†Turris garoensis Mukerjee 1939

†Turris gilchristi Dey 1961

†Turris higoensis Nagao 1928

†Turris hornesi Deshayes 1866

†Turris inconstans Cooper 1894

†Turris kaffraria Woods 1906

†Turris kirkensis Clark 1915

†Turris louderbacki Dickerson 1914

†Turris monolifera Cooper 1894

†Turris multigyrata Cossmann 1906

†Turris suturalis Cooper 1894

†Turris worcesteri Van Winkle 1918

Invalid names: Pleurotoma Lamarck 1800 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	3	7.40	3.20	11.4	11.1	4.65

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:09:25

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:09:25

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Toarcian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 182.70000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 171.6 Ma

Collections (213 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian	182.7 - 171.6	Chile (Huasco)	Pleurotoma sp. (223376)
Coniacian	89.8 - 86.3	Cameroon	Pleurotoma faxensis (209666) Pleurotoma faxensis, T. kaffraria (209692)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	New Zealand (South Island)	Pleurotoma sp. (101382)
Haumurian	83.6 - 66.0	New Zealand (Canterbury)	Pleurotoma sp. (101408 101409)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Tennessee)	T. proxima, T. constricta (88357)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Germany	Pleurotoma schaeferi, Pleurotoma bavarica (213668)
Early/Lower Paleocene	66.0 - 61.7	USA (Texas)	Pleurotoma sp. (86437 86464)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Greenland	T. sp. (22943)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Austria (Niederösterreich)	Pleurotoma glabra (87001)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Texas)	T. rockscreekensis (99021)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Alabama)	Pleurotoma quercollis, Pleurotoma persa, Pleurotoma mediavia, Pleurotoma adeona, Pleurotoma longipersa (35081)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene	66.0 - 58.7	USA (Texas)	Pleurotoma mediavia (86315) Pleurotoma nasuta (86438)
Danian - Thanetian	66.0 - 56.0	USA (Louisiana)	T. kerenensis, T. rockscreekensis (52197)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Germany	T. sp. (3114 3115)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Argentina	Pleurotoma crassatina (99258)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (California)	T. monolifera (190773) T. sp. (190781 190785)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	USA (Texas)	Pleurotoma capax (84651)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene	61.7 - 55.8	USA (Alabama)	Pleurotoma capax (85330)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Nigeria	Clinuropsis togoensis (7791)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	USA (California)	T. louderbacki (184016)