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Caelifera
Taxonomy
Caelifera was named by Ander (1936). It is extant.
It was assigned to Orthoneoptera by Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence (2004); and to Orthoptera by Ander (1936), Sharov (1968), Whalley (1985), Heads (2008), Song et al. (2015), Song et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Orthoneoptera by Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence (2004); and to Orthoptera by Ander (1936), Sharov (1968), Whalley (1985), Heads (2008), Song et al. (2015), Song et al. (2020).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1936 | Caelifera Ander p. 93 |
| 1940 | Ochrilidia lineata Piton pp. 143-144 fig. 19 |
| 1968 | Caelifera Sharov |
| 1981 | Proscopiodea Kevan and Wighton p. 1834 |
| 1985 | Caelifera Whalley |
| 2004 | Caelifera Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence |
| 2008 | Caelifera Heads |
| 2015 | Caelifera Song et al. |
| 2020 | Caelifera Song et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. Caelifera Ander 1936
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Infraor. Acrididea MacLeay 1821
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Unr. Acridomorpha
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Superfm. Acridoidea Latreille 1802
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Fm. Acrididae Latreille 1802 [short-horned grasshopper]
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Subfm. Acridinae Latreille 1802 [slant-faced grasshopper]
G. †Acridiopsis Bode 1953
Subfm. Catantopinae Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893 [spur-throated grasshopper]
Subfm. Cyrtacanthacridinae Kirby 1902 [spur-throated grasshopper]
Subfm. Gomphocerinae Fieber 1853
G. †Heeracris Zeuner 1937
Subfm. Melanoplinae Scudder 1897
Subfm. Oedipodinae Walker 1871 [band-winged grasshopper]
G. †Proschistocerca Zeuner 1937
G. †Tyrbula Scudder 1885
Invalid names: Acrydium barthelemyi Hope 1848 [nomen dubium], Gomphocerus abstrusus Scudder 1890 [nomen dubium], Gomphocerus femoralis Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Nanthacia Scudder 1890 [nomen dubium], Nanthacia torpida Scudder 1890 [nomen dubium], Oedipoda germari Heer 1864 [nomen dubium], Oedipoda haidingeri Heer 1864 [nomen dubium], Oedipoda longipennis Pongrácz 1928 [nomen dubium], Oedipoda oeningensis Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Oedipoda partschi Pongrácz 1928 [nomen dubium], Oedipoda praefocata Scudder 1890 [nomen dubium], Oedipoda pulchra Pongrácz 1928 [nomen dubium], Oedipoda saussurei Theobald 1937 [nomen dubium], Orthacanthacris lineata Theobald 1937 [nomen dubium], Pardalophora hungarica Pongrácz 1928 [nomen dubium], Tryxalis kudiana Cockerell 1927 [nomen dubium], Tyrbula scudderi Cockerell 1914 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Romaleidae Pictet and Saussure 1887 [lubber grasshopper]
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Subfm. Romaleinae Pictet and Saussure 1887
Superfm. Eumastacoidea Burr 1899
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Fm. Eumastacidae Burr 1899 [monkey grasshopper]
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G. †Archaeomastax Sharov 1968
G. †Eoerianthus Gorochov 2012
G. †Eozaenhuepfer Zessin 2017
Superfm. †Locustopsoidea Handlirsch 1906
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Fm. †Locustavidae Sharov 1968
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G. †Ferganopsis Sharov 1968
G. †Hejiafanga Xu et al. 2020
Subfm. †Locustavinae Sharov 1968
G. †Mesacridites Riek 1954
Subfm. †Praelocustopsinae Gorochov 2011
Fm. †Locustopsidae Handlirsch 1906
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Subfm. †Araripelocustinae Martins-Neto 1995
G. †Cratolocustopsis Martins-Neto 2003
G. †Cratozeunerella Martins-Neto 1998
G. †Eolocustopsis Riek 1976
G. †Liadolocusta Handlirsch 1906
Subfm. †Locustopsinae Handlirsch 1906
G. †Locustrix Martins-Neto 2003
G. †Parapleurites Brauer et al. 1889
G. †Phaneropterites Handlirsch 1906
G. †Pseudoacrida Lin 1982
G. †Schwinzia Zessin 1983
G. †Sinolocustopsis Huang and Nel 2024
Superfm. Proscopioidea Audinet-Serville 1838
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Superfm. Pyrgomorphoidea Brunner von Wattenwyl 1874
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Fm. Pyrgomorphidae Brunner von Wattenwyl 1874 [gaudy grasshopper]
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Subfm. Pyrgomorphinae Brunner von Wattenwyl 1874
Invalid names: Tanaoceroidea Rehn 1948 [empty], Trigonopterygoidea Walker 1870 [empty]
Superfm. Tetrigoidea Rambur 1838
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Fm. Tetrigidae Rambur 1838 [pygmy grasshopper]
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Subfm. Batrachideinae Bolivar 1887
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Tr. Batrachideini Bolivar 1887
G. †Eotetrix Gorochov 2012
G. Tettigidea Scudder 1862
Subfm. Cladonotinae Bolivar 1887
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G. Antillotettix Perez-Gelabert 2003
G. †Baeotettix Heads 2009
G. †Electrotettix Heads and Thomas 2014
Fm. †Burmecaelidae Uchida et al. 2023
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Infraor. Tridactylidea Brullé 1835
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Superfm. †Dzhajloutshelloidea Gorochov 1994
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Fm. †Dzhajloutshellidae Gorochov 1994
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G. †Adzhajloutshella Gorochov 1994
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†Adzhajloutshella plana Gorochov 2005
†Adzhajloutshella talis Gorochov 1994
G. †Dzhajloutshella Gorochov 1994
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†Dzhajloutshella arcanum Gorochov 1994
†Dzhajloutshella flexuosa Gorochov 2005
Fm. †Regiatidae Gorochov 1995
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G. †Protochaeta Handlirsch 1939
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†Protochaeta lanceolata Handlirsch 1939
†Protochaeta masculina Handlirsch 1939
Superfm. Tridactyloidea Brullé 1835
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Fm. Ripipterygidae Ander 1939
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G. †Magnidactylus Xu et al. 2020
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†Magnidactylus gracilis Gu et al. 2022
†Magnidactylus mirus Gu et al. 2022
†Magnidactylus robustus Xu et al. 2020
Fm. Tridactylidae Brullé 1835 [pygmy mole cricket]
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G. †Cratodactylus Martins-Neto 1990
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†Cratodactylus ferreirai Martins-Neto 1990
†Cratodactylus kellneri Martins-Neto 1990
Subfm. Dentridactylinae Gunther 1979
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G. †Burmadactylus Heads 2009
G. †Cascogryllus Poinar 2018
G. †Guntheridactylus Azar and Nel 2008
Subfm. †Mongoloxyinae Gorochov 1992
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G. †Birmitoxya Gorochov 2010
G. †Cretoxya Gorochov et al. 2006
G. †Mongoloxya Gorochov 1992
G. †Monodactyloides Sharov 1968
Subfm. Tridactylinae Brullé 1835
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G. †Amberotridactylus Du et al. 2021
G. Ellipes Scudder 1902
G. †Latedactylus Zheng et al. 2023
G. †Phyllotridactylus Xu et al. 2022
G. Tridactylus Olivier 1789
Invalid names: Tridactylini Brullé 1835 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Cylindrachetidae Giglio-Tos 1914 [empty]
Invalid names: Ochrilidia lineata Piton 1940 [nomen dubium], Pneumoridea Uvarov 1966 [empty], Proscopiodea [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Reference: Tillyard 1921 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Changhsingian to the top of the Holocene or 254.17000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 252.17 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 252.17 Ma
Collections (191 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Changhsingian | South Africa (Natal) | Eolocustopsis primitiva (124428) | |
| Changhsingian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Praelocustopsis mirabilis (113449) | |
| Anisian | Australia (New South Wales) | Mesacridites elongata (106483) | |
| Ladinian | Kyrgyzstan (Osh) | Brevilocustavus microscopicus (106090) Dzhajloutshella arcanum (113406) Ferganopsis lanceolatus, Locustavus problematicus, Locustavus intermedius, Locustavus deformatus, Locustavus minutus, Adzhajloutshella plana (106088) Locustavus madygensis, Adzhajloutshella talis, Adzhajloutshella plana, Dzhajloutshella flexuosa (110763) Locustavus problematicus, Locustavus intermedius, Locustavus minutus, Miolocustavus reductus, Brevilocustavus distinctus (105007) Triassoxya novozhilovi (123394) | |
| Longobardian | China (Shaanxi) | Locustavidae indet. (183209) | |
| Norian | Australia (Queensland) | Triassolocusta leptoptera (106484 111558) | |
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (England) | Locustopsis spectabilis, Locustopsis elegans, Locustopsis bucklandi, Locustopsis gracilis, Locustopsis dobbertinensis, Locustopsis constricta, Locustopsis nana, Brodiana cubitalis (113961) | |
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (Somerset) | Plesioschwinzia sharovi (193353) | |
| Angulata | Switzerland | Gomphocerites bucklandi (131766) | |
| Early/Lower Hettangian | United Kingdom (England) | Gryllus bucklandi (113960) Locustopsis bucklandi (113956) Locustopsis lacoei (114682) | |
| Planorbis | United Kingdom (England) | Locustopsis spectabilis (115368) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Kyrgyzstan (Tonskiy) | Locustopsis anatolica (105086 105087) | |
| Obtusum | United Kingdom (England) | Locustopsis spectabilis (114637) Regiata scutra, Micromacula gracilis (114639) | |
| Turneri | United Kingdom (England) | Locustopsis spectabilis (123282) Micromacula gracilis (114645) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Locustopsis sp 1, Locustopsis sp 2, Locustopsis sp 3, Locustopsis bernstorffi, Protochaeta masculina, Protochaeta lanceolata, Locustopsis kruegeri, Locustopsis gyra (114993) Locustopsis kruegeri, Locustopsis gyra (114994) Locustopsis sippeli (114992) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany | Locustopsis maculosa, Locustopsis gyra, Plesioschwinzia thalassophila (114991) Locustopsis reticulata, Locustopsis elongata, Locustopsis magnifica, Locustopsis reducta, Locustopsis dobbertinensis, Gomphocerites bernstorffi, Locustopsis nana, Locustopsis dubia, Protochaeta masculina, Protogryllus lanceolatus, Gomphocerites bernstorffi (123987) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Acridiopsis spoliata (107558) Liadolocusta ornata (107323) Locustopsis kruegeri, Locustopsis procera (114995) Locustopsis maculosa (107552) Locustopsis sp. (153458) | |
| Falciferum | United Kingdom (England) | Locustopsidae indet. (234546) | |
| Toarcian | Kyrgyzstan | Locustopsis ferghanensis (114702) Locustopsis latipennis (114703) | |
| Toarcian | Russian Federation (Irkutsk) | Parapleurites gracilis (114696) Parapleurites sibiricus (104995) | |
| Toarcian | Kyrgyzstan (Batken) | Locustopsis shurabica (110817) | |
| Toarcian | Germany | Locustopsis spp., Locustopsis sp. 13, Locustopsis bernstorffi, Locustopsis kruegeri, Locustopsis gyra, Schwinzia sola, Locustopsis pulchella, Locustopsis lacera, Locustopsis procera, Locustopsis mecklenburgica (104056) | |
| Aalenian | China (Shaanxi) | Sinolocustopsis elongatus, Sinolocustopsis brevis (222545) | |
| Bajocian - Bathonian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Locustopsis spp., Locustopsis picta (118010) | |
| Bathonian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Locustopsis apicalis (125474) | |
| Callovian - Oxfordian | Kazakhstan (Chimkent) | Locustopsis karatavica (105971) Locustopsis karatavica, Archaeomastax jurassicus (106101) | |
| Callovian - Oxfordian | China (Nei Mongol) | Locustopsis rhytofemoralis (117610) | |
| Kimmeridgian | USA (Colorado) | Parapleurites morrisonensis (102476) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bayern) | Phaneroptera germari (123144 123906 123985 133578) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Conocephalites capito (122586 139876) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | Conocephalus capito (121197) | |
| Early/Lower Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Cretoxya rasnitsyni (104006) Locustopsidae indet. (104004) Zessinia borealis, Britannacrida distincta (104007) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Mesolocustopsis anglica (103833) | |
| Berriasian - Valanginian | Egypt | Locustopsis africanus (114156) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Zeunerella prior (106281) | |
| Early/Lower Barremian | United Kingdom (England) | Mesolocustopsis angusta (118921) Mesolocustopsis problematica (45193) | |
| Barremian | China (Ningxia) | Pseudoacrida costata (123447) | |
| Aptian | China (Zhejiang) | Taphacris turgis (155596) | |
| Aptian | Mongolia | Mongoloxya ponomarenkoi (103657) | |
| Aptian | China (Shandong) | Mesolocustopsis sinica (154886 154887) Pseudoacrida costata (125196) | |
| Aptian | Russian Federation (Buryatia) | Archaeotetrix locustopseiformis, Monodactylus dolichopterus, Monodactyloides curtipennis (105536) Archaeotetrix locustopseiformis, Prototetrix reductus (113403) Mongoloxya fossor (113350) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceará) | Araripelocusta longinota, Araripelocusta brevis, Cratodactylus ferreirai, Cratodactylus kellneri (125511) Cratodactylus ferreirai (152600) Cratodactylus ferreirai, Cratodactylus kellneri (149767) Cratozeunerella amedegnatoi, Cratozeunerella soaresi, Zessinia vikingi, Bouretia elegans (123013) Cratozeunerella godoii (122352) Cratozeunerella neotropica, Locustopsis cretacea, Locustopsis araripensis, Zessinia pulcherrima, Zessinia caririensis, Zessinia reticulata, Cratozeunerella nordestina (105330) Eoproscopia martilli (122557 122922) Pseudoacrida sennlaubi (227841) Zessinia sp., Cratozeunerella godoii, Cratozeunerella nervosa, Cratozeunerella soaresi, Cratozeunerella titanella, Cratolocustopsis contumax, Zessinia caririensis, Zessinia petruleviciusi, Zessinia vikingi, Locustrix gallegoi, Locustrix audax (104659) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Australia (Victoria) | Tridactylidae indet. (77192) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar | Birmitoxya intermedia (123020) Burmadactylus grimaldii (111688) Burmaripipteryx oblongus (224419) Burmecaelinus armis (234930) Burmecaelinus armis, Moban zhengzhemini (226917) Magnidactylus gracilis (226623) Magnidactylus mirus (165561 229432) Magnidactylus robustus, Archaicaripipteryx rotunda, Amberotridactylus cheni, Cascogryllus setosus, Kallosripipteryx zhangi (161726) Paraxya hui, Burmadactylus tenuicerci, Latedactylus longapedi (200460) Phyllotridactylus wangi (167760) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar (Kachin) | Cascogryllus lobiferus (104053) | |
| Turonian | Kazakhstan | Zeunerella arborea (103274) | |
| Paleocene | China (Yunnan) | Taphacris stenosis (165250) | |
| Selandian | France (Auvergne) | Acrididae indet. (113750) Caelifera indet. A (120579) Oedipoda indet., Ochrilidia lineata (113685) Paleochina duvergeri, Paleochina minuta (123463) | |
| Ypresian | Canada (British Columbia) | Promastox archaicus (119857) | |
| Ypresian | France (Oise) | Guntheridactylus grimaulti (123850) | |
| Ypresian | Denmark | Eozaenhuepfer erteboellei (152149) Eozaenhuepfer erteboellei, Eozaentetrix wittecki, Eozaentetrix furi (157040) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Colorado) | Eoerianthus eocaenicus (138684 159277 159278) Eotetrix unicornis (154004 159279 159281 159282 159283) Eotetrix unicornis, Eoerianthus eocaenicus (138664 138671 138673 138809 156240 159280) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Tyrbula multispinosa (122090 122092) | |
| Lutetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Acrididae indet. (13322) Tetrix sp. (155693) | |
| Uintan | USA (Colorado) | Eotetrix unicornis (138688) Eotetrix unicornis, Eoerianthus eocaenicus (138683) | |
| Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Proschistocerca oligocaenica (21976 123959 123960) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) | Acrydium bachofeni (123221 123870) Succinotettix chopardi (157322) Succinotettix sp. (120610) | |
| Priabonian | France | Orthacanthacris lineata, Oedipoda sp. (113709) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation | Danatettix hoffeinsorum (123419) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Eobanksia bittaciformis (106381) Gomphocerus abstrusus, Tyrbula multispinosa, Oedipoda praefocata, Tyrbula russelli, Nanthacia torpida, Taphacris reliquata (106384) Taeniopodites pardalis, Eobanksia bittaciformis (106380) Tyrbula scudderi (113749) | |
| Rupelian | Iran | Acrididae indet. (200817) | |
| Rupelian | Germany | Orthacanthacris rhenana (122407) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Montana) | Erucius sp., Locustopsoidea indet. (120623) Locustopsidae indet. (120622) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Oregon) | Caelifera indet. (228640) | |
| Chattian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Oedipoda saussurei, Locusta sp., Tridactylus sp. (122488) | |
| Chattian | France (Bouches-Du-Rhone) | Acrididae indet. (153412) Acrididae indet., Acridium barthelemyi (113682) Oedipoda saussurei (113712) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Spain | Acrididae indet. 1 (123306 155647 189954) Acrididae indet. 2 (189951) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Spain (Castellon) | Acrididae indet. (225781) Oedipodinae indet. (140792 140793 140794 140796 140797) | |
| Burdigalian | Japan (Gifu) | Patanga sp. (181074) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Aestilocusta graminea (128551) Nymphacrida dyscrita (138946) Oedipodidae indet., Oedemastopoda grammaca (138945) Tumearolium humifuse (128552) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Nevada) | Mioedipoda reisereri (27179) | |
| Burdigalian | Russian Federation | Tryxalis kudiana (113705) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Dominican Republic | Archaeoellipes engeli (122473) Archaeoellipes engeli, Mirhipipteryx antillarum, Paleomastacris ambarinus, Antillotettix electrum, Baeotettix lottiae (122982) Electrotettix attenboroughi (139308) Paleomastacris ambarinus (152045) Paleomastacris ambarinus, Ellipes dominicana (122472) | |
| Sarmatian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Acrididae indet., Scyllina oeningensis (113695) Acridium oeningense (113830) Gomphocerus femoralis (113689) Oedipoda fischeri, Oedipoda germari, Tetrix gracilis (117252) Oedipoda oeningensis (113711) | |
| Sarmatian | Croatia | Acrididae indet., Gryllacris kittli, Oedipoda nigrofasciolata (117247) Oedipoda haidingeri, Oedipoda longipennis, Oedipoda partschi, Oedipoda pulchra, Scyllina imperialis, Oedipoda nigrofasciolata (113698) Oedipoda melanosticta (117246 122873) Pardalophora hungarica, Stenobothrus femoralis, Bryodema sp., Bryodema croatica, Scyllina oeningensis (113693) | |
| Sarmatian | Germany (Wurttemberg) | Acrididae indet., Protocatantops gracilis, Miocaenacris soergeli, Protocatantops miocaenicus, Protocatantops sp. (113752) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Tuscany) | Acrididae indet. (113751) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Oedipodini indet., Tetrix sp., Mecostethus sp., Sphingonotus sp. (109196) | |
| Pleistocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Tropidacris latreillei (113828) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Melanoplus differentialis (44954) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ukraine | Acrididae indet., Melanoplus frigidus, Miramella alpina, Chorthippus angulatus, Gomphocerus sibiricus, Stenobothrus posthumoides (113753) Stenobothrus sp. (153476) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Peru | Acrididae indet. (71346) | |
| Holocene | USA (Montana) | Melanoplus spretus (185941) | |
| Holocene | USA (Wyoming) | Melanoplus spretus, Spharagemon campestris (185942) | |
| Holocene | Tanzania | Mecostibus sp. (123991) |