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Rhynchotrematoidea
Taxonomy
Rhynchotrematoidea was named by Schuchert (1913).
It was assigned to Rhynchonellida by Savage and Goodwin (1998), Williams et al. (2002), Jakobsen et al. (2014) and Hints and Harper (2015).
It was assigned to Rhynchonellida by Savage and Goodwin (1998), Williams et al. (2002), Jakobsen et al. (2014) and Hints and Harper (2015).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1913 | Rhynchotrematoidea Schuchert |
| 1998 | Rhynchotrematoidea Savage and Goodwin p. 437 |
| 2002 | Rhynchotrematoidea Williams et al. p. 1047 |
| 2014 | Rhynchotrematoidea Jakobsen et al. |
| 2015 | Rhynchotrematoidea Hints and Harper |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Rhynchotrematoidea Schuchert 1913
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Fm. †Leptocoeliidae Boucot and Gill 1956
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G. †Australocoelia
G. †Eocoelia Nikiforova 1961
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†Eocoelia akimiskii Jin 2003
†Eocoelia angelini Lindström 1861
†Eocoelia curtisi Ziegler 1966
†Eocoelia hemisphaerica Sowerby 1839
†Eocoelia sulcata Prouty 1923
G. †Pacificocoelia Boucot 1975
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†Leptocoelia infrequens globosa Johnson 1970
†Pacificocoelia infrequens Walcott 1884
Fm. †Machaerariidae Savage 1996
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G. †Australirhynchia
G. †Callipleura Cooper 1942
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†Callipleura nobilis Hall 1860
Invalid names: Cyclorhina Hall and Clarke 1893 [replaced]
G. †Cherubicornea
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†Cherubicornea amalthea Barrande 1847
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Invalid names: Rhynchonella amalthoides Barrois 1889 [synonym]
G. †Ferganella Nikiforova 1937
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†Ferganella borealis Buch 1834
†Ferganella turkestanica Nikiforova 1937
G. †Latonotoechia
G. †Machaeraria Cooper 1955
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†Machaeraria carolina Hall 1867
†Machaeraria formosa Hall 1859
†Machaeraria kurjensis Gratsianova 1967
†Machaeraria obesa Smith 1980
†Machaeraria paraformosa Lenz 1977
Invalid names: Qinlingotoechia [synonym]
G. †Machaeratoechia
G. †Sicorhyncha
G. †Thliborhynchia
G. †Yukiangides
G. †Zlichorhynchus
Fm. †Orthorhynchulidae Cooper 1956
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G. †Tasmanella Laurie 1991
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†Tasmanella curtiseptata Villas et al. 2015
†Tasmanella nova Laurie 1991
G. †Tuvaerhynchus
Fm. †Rhynchotrematidae Schuchert 1913
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Subfm. †Lepidocyclinae Cooper 1956
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G. †Hypsiptycha Wang 1949
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†Hypsiptycha anticostiensis Billings 1862
†Hypsiptycha argenturbicum White 1874
†Hypsiptycha hybrida Wang 1949
†Hypsiptycha janea Billings 1866
†Hypsiptycha neenah Whitfield 1882
†Hypsiptycha occidens Wilson 1926
†Hypsiptycha procera Rõõmusoks 1964
G. †Lepidocyclus Wang 1949
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†Lepidocyclus cooperi Howe 1966
†Lepidocyclus erectus Wang 1949
†Lepidocyclus laddi Wang 1949
†Lepidocyclus manniensis Foerste 1909
†Lepidocyclus notatus Wang 1949
†Lepidocyclus oblongus Howe 1966
†Lepidocyclus perlamellosa Whitfield 1878
†Lepidocyclus rectangularis Wang 1949
Subfm. †Rhynchotrematinae Schuchert 1913
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G. †Hiscobeccus Amsden 1983
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†Hiscobeccus capax Conrad 1842
†Hiscobeccus gigas Wang 1949
†Hiscobeccus kananaskia Wilson 1926
†Hiscobeccus rowleyi Foerste 1920
†Hiscobeccus windermeris Wilson 1926
G. †Otarorhyncha
G. †Pleurocornu
G. †Rhynchotrema Hall 1860
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†Rhynchotrema dentatum Hall 1847
†Rhynchotrema fringilla Billings 1862
†Rhynchotrema increbescens Hall 1847
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Invalid names: Rhynchotrema kentuckiense Fenton and Fenton 1924 [synonym], Rhynchotrema quadriplicata Miller 1875 [synonym]
†Rhynchotrema iowense Wang 1949
†Rhynchotrema nobilis Oraspold 1956
†Rhynchotrema nutrix Billings 1866
†Rhynchotrema oepiki Percival 1991
†Rhynchotrema parva Oraspold 1956
†Rhynchotrema parviseptatum Jin 1989
†Rhynchotrema perlamellosum Whitfield 1882
†Rhynchotrema plicata Cooper and Kindle 1936
†Rhynchotrema plicatum Cooper and Kindle 1936
†Rhynchotrema pulchellum Foerste 1924
†Rhynchotrema seletensis Nikitin et al. 2003
†Rhynchotrema tamarackensis Foerste 1924
G. †Stegerhynchus Foerste 1909
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†Stegerhynchus antiqua Savage 1913
†Stegerhynchus borealis Buch 1834
†Stegerhynchus concinna Savage 1913
†Stegerhynchus diodontus Dalman 1828
†Stegerhynchus estonicus Rubel 1977
†Stegerhynchus peneborealis Twenhofel 1928
†Stegerhynchus praecursor Foerste 1909
†Stegerhynchus pseudobidentatus Rybnikova 1967
†Stegerhynchus pusillum de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
†Stegerhynchus vicina Billings 1866
Invalid names: Stegerhynchops [synonym], Stegorhynchella Rzhonsnitskaya 1959 [synonym], Tungussotoechia [synonym]
G. †Stegocornu
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G. †Stegerhynchella Rzhonsnitskaya 1959
Fm. †Trigonirhynchiidae McLaren 1965
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G. †Ancillotoechia Havlicek 1959
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†Ancillotoechia ancillans Barrande 1879
†Ancillotoechia aptata Johnson 1970
†Ancillotoechia berryi Sheehan 1976
†Ancillotoechia bidentata Hisinger 1827
†Ancillotoechia eva Billings 1866
†Ancillotoechia minerva Barrande 1847
†Ancillotoechia pahranagatensis Waite 1956
†Ancillotoechia perryi Sheehan 1982
Invalid names: Trigonirhynchioides [synonym]
Subfm. †Hemitoechiinae Savage 1996
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G. †Bathyrhyncha Fuchs 1923
G. †Browneella
G. †Dalerhynchus
G. †Dushanirhynchia
G. †Hemitoechia Nikiforova 1970
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†Hemitoechia distincta Nikiforova 1970
†Hemitoechia nuculaeformis Kukov 1974
†Hemitoechia undvaensis Rubel 1977
Invalid names: Linterella [synonym], Pseudocamarotoechia Kulkov 1974 [synonym], Tichirhynchus [synonym], Undulorhyncha [synonym]
G. †Lenatoechia Nikiforova 1970
G. †Libyaerhynchus
G. †Losvia
G. †Luterella
G. †Sartenaerus Özdikmen 2008
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†Sartenaerus baitalensis Reed 1922
†Sartenaerus charakensis Brice 1967
Invalid names: Centrorhynchus [replaced]
G. †Tabarhynchus
G. †Yanetechia
Subfm. †Ripidiorhynchinae Savage 1996
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G. †Gesoriacorostrum Sartenaer 2003
G. †Hemiplethorhynchus von Peetz 1898
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†Hemiplethorhynchus kashmirensis Waterhouse and Gupta 1979
†Hemiplethorhynchus subovatum Carter 1972
G. †Ripidiorhynchus
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†Ripidiorhynchus griasica Nalivkin 1934
†Ripidiorhynchus huotina Verneuil 1845
†Ripidiorhynchus livonicus von Buch 1834
†Ripidiorhynchus newmexicoense Cooper and Dutro 1982
Subfm. †Rostricellulinae Rozman 1969
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G. †Evenkorhynchia Rozman 1969
G. †Lepidocycloides Nikiforova and Andreeva 1961
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†Lepidocycloides baikiticus Nikiforova and Andreeva 1961
†Lepidocycloides ponderosa Laurie 1991
G. †Plectothyrella Temple 1965
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†Plectothyrella crassicosta Dalman 1828
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Invalid names: Plectothyrella platystrophoides Temple 1965 [synonym]
†Plectothyrella itacurubiensis Benedetto et al. 2013
G. †Rostricellula Ulrich and Cooper 1942
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†Rostricellula ardmillanensis Reed 1917
†Rostricellula basalaris Cooper 1956
†Rostricellula lapworthi Davidson 1883
†Rostricellula major Raymond 1905
†Rostricellula marciali Villas 1992
†Rostricellula minnesotensis Sardeson 1892
†Rostricellula minuta Cooper 1956
†Rostricellula nobilis Oraspold 1956
†Rostricellula orientalis Billings 1859
†Rostricellula plena Hall 1847
†Rostricellula pristina Raymond 1905
†Rostricellula raymondi Cooper 1956
†Rostricellula raymondi nana Rozman 1964
Rostricellula rostrata Ulrich and Cooper 1942
†Rostricellula simulata Reed 1952
†Rostricellula subtilicostata Jin et al. 1993
Rostricellula transversa Cooper 1956
Invalid names: Longxianirhynchia [synonym]
Subfm. †Trigonirhynchiinae Schmidt 1965
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G. †Agarhyncha Havlicek 1982
G. †Aratoechia
G. †Astua
G. †Cupularostrum Sartenaer 1961
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†Cupularostrum congregata Conrad 1841
†Cupularostrum eximia Hall 1843
†Cupularostrum orbicularis Hall 1867
†Cupularostrum stevensoni Cooper and Dutro 1982
G. †Hercotrema Jin 1989
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Hercotrema bulbicostatum Jin 1989
†Hercotrema pentaforma Lenz 1977
†Hercotrema spissicostatum Jin et al. 1993
G. †Iberirhynchia
G. †Lissopleura Whitfield 1896
G. †Microsphaeridiorhynchus Sartenaer 1970
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†Microsphaeridiorhynchus hercostomaticum Jin et al. 1993
†Microsphaeridiorhynchus litchfieldensis Schuchert 1903
†Microsphaeridiorhynchus nucula Sowerby 1839
G. †Moorefieldella Girty 1911
G. †Myrmirhynx Havlicek 1982
G. †Nasonirhynchia Havlicek 1992
G. †Nekhoroshevia Bublichenko 1956
G. †Oligoptycherhynchus Sartenaer 1970
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†Oligoptycherhynchus hexatomus Schnur 1851
†Oligoptycherhynchus subpareti Oehlert 1884
G. †Porthmorhynchus Sartenaer 2001
G. †Savagerhynchus Baranov and Blodgett 2015
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†Savagerhynchus hecetaensis Baranov and Blodgett 2015
G. †Sinotectirostrum Sartenaer 1961
G. †Stenorhynchites Havlicek 1990
G. †Sufetirhyncha Havlicek 1982
G. †Tetratomia
G. †Trigonirhynchia Cooper 1942
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†Trigonirhynchia acutirostella Amsden 1958
†Trigonirhynchia fallaciosa Bayle 1878
†Trigonirhynchia occidens Walcott 1884
†Trigonirhynchia stricklandii Sowerby and Murchison 1839
G. †Wilsoniella Khalfin 1939
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†Wilsoniella saffordi Hall 1860
Invalid names: Wilsonia Kayser 1871 [replaced]
Subfm. †Virginiatinae Amsden 1974
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G. †Hostimex
G. †Rhynchotreta Hall 1879
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†Rhynchotreta americana Hall 1879
†Rhynchotreta americaniformis Zhang 1989
†Rhynchotreta ardmillanensis Reed 1917
†Rhynchotreta cuneata Dalman 1828
†Rhynchotreta gracilis Rubel 1977
Invalid names: Bailongjiangella [synonym]
G. †Thebesia Amsden 1974
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†Thebesia admiranda Oradovskaya 1988
†Thebesia crassicostata Jin and Chatterton 1997
†Thebesia scopulosa Cocks 1982
G. †Virginiata Amsden 1968
Invalid names: Ancillotoechia Havlicek 1959 [valid], Angustispatulata Qian and Roberts 1995 [valid], Hemitoechiinae Savage 1996 [valid], Ptychomalotoechia Sartenaer 1961 [valid], Ripidiorhynchinae Savage 1996 [valid], Rostricellulinae Rozman 1969 [valid], Trigonirhynchiinae Schmidt 1965 [valid], Virginiatinae Amsden 1974 [valid]
Invalid names: Trigonirhynchiidae McLaren 1965 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Llandeilo to the top of the Chattian or 461.10000 to 23.03000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 460.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 460.9 Ma
Collections (2773 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Ordovician | USA (Minnesota) | Rhynchotrema sp. (10754) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (Kentucky) | Rhynchotrema sp. (10745 10757) | |
| Middle Ordovician | Canada (Quebec) | Rostricellula sp. (318) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (Virginia) | Camarotoechia plena (6992) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | Rhynchotrema sp. (333 430) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (Tennessee) | Rostricellula sp. (329) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Ontario) | Camarotoechia orientalis (172359) Camarotoechia plena (172204 172356 172357 172358) Camarotoechia plena, Rhynchonella plena (172201) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Quebec) | Camarotoechia orientalis (172209 172360) Camarotoechia plena (172200 172350 172355 172363) Camarotoechia plena, Camarotoechia orientalis (171789) Rostricellula plena (80831) Rostricellula sp. (305 307 310 311 435 80006) | |
| Chazyan | USA (New York) | Camarotoechia major (172181) Camarotoechia major, Camarotoechia plena (172196 172238 172240) Camarotoechia plena (171705 171712 172171 172234 172235 172236 172237 172239 172241 172242 172243 172244 172245 172246 172247 172248 172249 172300 172301 172302 172303 172304 172305 172306 172314 172315 172317) Camarotoechia pristina (42808 56212 171706 172144 172180 172194 172323) Rostricellula plena (172641) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Rostricellula sp. (312 315 24621 25928 25932 25933) | |
| Chazyan | USA (Tennessee) | Rostricellula sp. (306) | |
| Chazyan | USA (Vermont) | Camarotoechia plena (172207) Rostricellula pristina (175904 175905) | |
| Whiterockian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Rostricellula sp. (25926 25927) | |
| Whiterockian | USA (Virginia) | Rostricellula basalaris (204096) | |
| Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician | USA (Georgia) | Rostricellula rostrata (33332 33333 33334 33335) | |
| Llanvirn | China (Shaanxi) | Rhynchotrema sp. (8536) | |
| Darriwilian | Australia (Tasmania) | Lepidocycloides sp., Lepidocycloides ponderosa (173680) | |
| Darriwilian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Rostricellula sp., Rostricellula ardmillanensis (205561) | |
| Early/Lower Llandeilo | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Rostricellula sp. (9296 9300 9301) | |
| Late/Upper Llanvirn | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Lenatoechia sp. (9223 9229) Rostricellula sp. (9222 9224) | |