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Virgianidae

Rhynchonellata - Pentamerida - Virgianidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1963Virgianidae Boucot and Amsden
1964Virgianidae Boucot and Johnson p. 4
1997Virgianidae Jin and Chatterton
2002Virgianidae Williams et al. p. 963
2010Virgianidae Rasmussen et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
Lophophorata
PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderPentameridaSchuchert and Cooper 1931
suborderPentameridinaSchuchert and Cooper 1931
superfamilyPentameroideaMcCoy 1844
familyVirgianidaeBoucot and Amsden 1963
familyVirgianidaeBoucot and Amsden 1963

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Virgianidae Boucot and Amsden 1963
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Subfm. †Mariannaellinae Sapelnikov and Rukavishnikova 1975
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G. †Costilamnulella Wright and Rong 2008
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Costilamnulella valdari Wright and Rong 2008
G. †Disulcatella Fu Lipu 1982
G. †Eoconchidium Rozman 1967
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Eoconchidium indigiricum Rozman 1967
G. †Galeatellina Sapelnikov and Rukavishnikova 1975
G. †Mariannaella Sapelnikov and Rukavischnikova 1975
Subfm. †Mariannellinae Sapelnikov and Rukavishnikova 1975
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G. †Brevilamnulella Amsden 1974
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Brevilamnulella laevis Sapelnikov and Rukavishnikova 1975
Brevilamnulella umbosulcata Rasmussen et al. 2010
Invalid names: Antigaleatella Sapelnikov and Rukavishnikova 1975 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pleurodiinae Rong and Yang 1977
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G. †Pleurodium Wang 1955
G. †Plicidium Rong and Yang 1981
G. †Pseudoconchidium Nikiforova and Sapelnikov 1971
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Pseudoconchidium kozhimicum Nikiforova and Sapelnikov 1971
Subfm. †Virgianinae Boucot and Amsden 1963
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G. †Borealis Boucot et al. 1971
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Borealis borealis Eichwald 1842
Borealis cristiformis Modzalevskaya 1985
Borealis nana Nikiforova and Andreeva 1961
G. †Deloprosopus Jin et al. 2006
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Deloprosopus jiangshanensis Liu et al. 1983
G. †Holorhynchus Kiaer 1902
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Holorhynchus giganteus Kiaer 1902
Holorhynchus giganteus latisulcifer Rukavishnikova and Sapelnikov 1973
G. †Paraconchidium Rong et al. 1974
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Paraconchidium shiqianensis Rong et al. 1974
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Proconchidium brodeurensis Rong et al. 1989
Proconchidium munsteri St. Joseph 1938
Proconchidium tchuilensis Rukavishnikova and Sapelnikov 1973
G. †Prostricklandia Rukavishnikova and Sapelnikov 1973
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Tcherskidium ulkuntasense Rukavishnikova and Sapelnikov 1973
Tcherskidium unicum Nikolaev 1968
G. †Virgiana Twenhofel 1914
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Virgiana barrandei Billings 1857
Virgiana decussata Whiteaves 1891
Virgiana mayvillensis Savage 1916
Virgiana utahensis Sheehan 1980
G. †Virgianella Nikiforova and Sapelnikov 1971
+
Virgianella vaigatschensis Nikiforova and Sapelnikov 1971
G. †Viridita Jin and Copper 2000
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Viridita glomerosa Jin and Copper 2010
Viridita lenticularis Billings 1866
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Comments: BODY SIZE: Based on component genera; 3 of 3 genera share 10 to < 100 length, 3 of 3 share 10 to < 100 width.f
Created: 2009-06-11 19:38:21
Modified: 2009-06-11 21:38:21
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Katian to the top of the Early/Lower Emsian or 453.00000 to 402.50000 Ma

Collections (197 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Caradoc460.9 - 449.5Russian Federation Eoconchidium indigiricum (219982)
Rawtheyan455.8 - 445.6Norway (Oslo Asker) Brevilamnulella kjerulfi (193291)
Rawtheyan455.8 - 445.6Norway (Baerum) Holorhynchus giganteus (193286)
Rawtheyan455.8 - 445.6Norway Holorhynchus giganteus (159518)
Rawtheyan455.8 - 445.6Norway (Oslo-Asker) Holorhynchus giganteus (193292)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian455.8 - 443.4Norway (Oslo Asker) Brevilamnulella kjerulfi (163356)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Kazakhstan Holorhynchus giganteus, Proconchidium tchuilensis, Tcherskidium ulkuntasense (80656)
Katian453.0 - 445.2USA (Alaska) Brevilamnulella minuta, Tcherskidium tenuicostatus (223863)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Norway Holorhynchus giganteus (159369 159535)
Katian - Hirnantian453.0 - 443.4Sweden (Dalarne) Holorhynchus giganteus (73413)
Pirgu449.5 - 445.6Norway (Ringerike) Conchidium munsteri (162234)
Pirgu449.5 - 445.6Lithuania Holorhynchus giganteus (161284 163486 207230)
Pirgu449.5 - 445.6Latvia Holorhynchus giganteus (207228)
Pirgu449.5 - 445.6Russian Federation (Pskov Oblast) Holorhynchus sp., Holorhynchus giganteus (163485)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.7China (Zhejiang) Eoconchidium sp. (25864)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.7Russian Federation (Taimyr) Holorhynchus giganteus, Tcherskidium unicum (37641) Tcherskidium sp., Holorhynchus giganteus (37638)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.7Canada (Québec) Virgiana sp. (24586)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.7China (Jiangxi) Tcherskidium jiangshanensis (186241 186244) Tcherskidium sp. (80138 80139)
Ashgillian449.5 - 443.7China (Zhejiang) Eoconchidium jiangshanensis (164172)
Ashgillian449.5 - 443.7Russian Federation (Chukotka) Tcherskidium tchukoticum (80675)
Ashgillian449.5 - 443.7China (Jiangxi) Tcherskidium jiangshanensis (186247 186249 186251 186273 186276 186277 186278)
Ashgillian449.5 - 443.7USA (Alaska) Eoconchidium sp. (114834) Tcherskidium unicum (100352) Tscherskidium sp. (113018 114831 114832)
Gamachian449.5 - 443.7USA (Illinois) Clorinda thebesensis (173288 173289)
Pirgu - Porkuni449.5 - 443.7Sweden (Dalarne) Costilamnulella valdari (73489)
Richmondian449.5 - 443.7Canada (Nunavut) Proconchidium brodeurensis (67297)
Porkuni445.6 - 443.7Lithuania Holorhynchus giganteus (207231 207232)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4USA (Oklahoma) Brevilamnulella thebesensis (55460 151949 151950)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4USA (Missouri) Brevilamnulella thebesensis (55456 55457)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Sweden (Dalarna) Brevilamnulella kjerulfi (162497)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Canada (Northwest Territories) Brevilamnulella laevis (26070 26071)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4China (Guizhou) Brevilamnulella sp. (151937)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Norway (Oslo-Asker District) Brevilamnulella sp. (363)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Russian Federation (Komi) Holorhynchus giganteus, Proconchidium muensteri (194930) Proconchidium muensteri (164184)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Norway (Oslo-Asker Dist.) Holorhynchus sp. (438)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Sweden Brevilamnulella kjerulfi (162498) Brevilamnulella umbosulcata (162732)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Norway Brevilamnulella kjerulfi (159373 159525 159527)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8Canada (Quebec) Virgiana barrandei (113165 158508 163500 163501 163502 163504) Virgiana barrandei, Viridita lenticularis (163503) Virgiana mayvillensis (113330 163517 204332) Virgiana sp. (197360) Viridita lenticularis (163499) Viridita lenticularis, Viridita glomerosa (158624)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8USA (Utah) Virgiana utahensis (51492 51495)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8United Kingdom (Wales) Brevilamnulella sp. (4965 5068 5069)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8China (Jiangxi) Brevilamnulella sp. (151943 151944)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8USA (Wisconsin) Virgiana mayvillensis (12986 12987 12988 12989 12990)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8China (ZheJiang) Brevilamnulella kjerulfi (188392) Brevilamnulella sp. (151946)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8Canada (Québec) Viridita lenticularis (163497)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8USA (Nevada) Virgiana utahensis (51493 51494 51496 51497)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Hiuu) Borealis borealis (193095) Pentamerus borealis (206936)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Viljandi) Pentamerus borealis (193804)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Jõgeva) Pentamerus borealis (197468 206933)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia Borealis borealis (77386 195424 195425 195593) Pentamerus borealis (174165 174167 174171 193724 206883 206923 206934 206938 206939)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Järva) Borealis borealis (193099) Pentamerus borealis (174979)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Rapla) Pentamerus borealis (175044 206884)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Hiiu) Borealis borealis (193616 195418) Pentamerus borealis (206927)
Juuru443.4 - 439.0Estonia (Lääne) Borealis borealis (195633 195634) Pentamerus borealis (174969 193727 193730)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.4 - 438.5Russian Federation (Siberia) Borealis borealis (206543 206560) Borealis nanus (206465 206484) Virgiana mojeroensis, Borealis borealis (206542)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.4 - 438.5Russian Federation Borealis cristiformis (185955 185956)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.4 - 438.5United Kingdom (Wales) Brevilamnulella sp. (4937 4951 4957 4968)
Alexandrian443.4 - 436.0Canada (Québec) Virgiana sp. (24401)
Raikkula443.4 - 436.0Estonia (Lääne - Viru) Pentamerus borealis (206964)
Raikkula443.4 - 436.0Estonia (Pärnu) Borealis borealis (193123)
Raikkula443.4 - 436.0Estonia (Lääne) Pentamerus borealis (193772)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4China (Guizhou) Borealis sp. (25747 27898) Brevilamnulella sp. (25749) Brevilamnulella sp., Pleurodium sp. (25847) Brevilamnulella undata (27901) Virgianella sp., Paraconchidium shiqianensis (27899)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Canada (Ontario) Virgiana sp. (538)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Canada (Manitoba) Virgiana decussata (2979 2980 2981 2990 2993 3000 3001 3002 3003 3022 3023 3024 3026 3032)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Sweden Virgianidae indet. (3347)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4USA (Missouri) Brevilamnulella thebesensis (3349 3351 3352)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4China (Hubei) Brevilamnulella sp., Pleurodium sp. (25793)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Russian Federation (Yakutiya) Borealis borealis (79506 79507 79509 79510 79511 79512)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Russian Federation (Siberia) Pentamerus oblongus, Pentamerus borealis (206319)
Silurian443.4 - 419.2Canada (Manitoba) Virgiana decussata (26420)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5China (Hubei) Pleurodium sp. (27813)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5Norway Borealis borealis (14267)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5China (Guizhou) Pleurodium sp. (27835) Plicidium guizhouensis (197403) Plicidium sinanensis (197401) Virgianella sp., Paraconchidium shiqianensis (25815)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5USA (Utah) Virgiana utahensis (51519)
Aeronian - Telychian440.8 - 433.4China (Yunnan) Pleurodium sp. (27837)
Ontarian439.0 - 428.2Canada (Québec) Virgiana sp. (24399)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4China (Hubei) Brevilamnulella undata, Pleurodium tenuiplicatum (27779)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4Russian Federation (Komi) Pseudoconchidium kozhimicum, Virgianella vaigatschensis (164186)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4Russian Federation (Siberia) Borealis borealis (206347)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4China (Sichuan) Brevilamnulella sp. (27908)
Telychian - Wenlock438.5 - 427.4Canada (Manitoba) Virgiana decussata (26365 26366 26367 26368 26419 26422 26425)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Virgiana sp. (188837)
Homerian430.5 - 427.4Czech Republic Plicidium sp. (14095)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Russian Federation (Arkhangel'skaya Oblast') Borealis laevis (40703)