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Skenidioidea

Rhynchonellata - Protorthida

Taxonomy
Skenidioidea was named by Kozlowski (1929).

It was assigned to Protorthida by Williams et al. (2000), Benedetto (2003), Rubel (2011), Hansen and Holmer (2011).

Subtaxa
Skenidiidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1929Skenidioidea Kozlowski
2000Skenidioidea Williams et al. p. 712
2003Skenidioidea Benedetto
2011Skenidioidea Hansen and Holmer
2011Skenidioidea Rubel

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderProtorthidaSchuchert and Cooper 1931
superfamilySkenidioideaKozlowski 1929
superfamilySkenidioideaKozlowski 1929

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Skenidioidea Kozlowski 1929
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Fm. †Skenidiidae Kozlowski 1929
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†Crossiskenidium stelzneri Benedetto 2003
G. †Protoskenidioides Williams 1974
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†Protoskenidioides promontorium Hansen and Holmer 2011
†Protoskenidioides revelata Williams 1974
G. †Skenidioides Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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†Skenidioides acutum Lindström 1861
†Skenidioides anthonense Sardeson 1894
†Skenidioides billingsi Schuchert and Cooper 1931
†Skenidioides costatus Cooper 1956
†Skenidioides elongatus Cooper 1956
†Skenidioides hymiri Baarli 1995
†Skenidioides kayseri Benedetto 2003
†Skenidioides lewisii Davidson 1848
†Skenidioides multifarius Potter 1990
†Skenidioides operosa Johnson et al. 1976
†Skenidioides petrasi Rubel 2011
†Skenidioides pyramidalis Twenhofel 1928
†Skenidioides robertsensis Johnson et al. 1973
†Skenidioides scoliodus Temple 1968
†Skenidioides woodlandiensis Davidson 1882
G. †Skenidium
+
†Scenidium lewisi Davidson 1883
†Skenidium lewisii Davidson 1882
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryp
Attached: yesp
Life habit: low-level epifaunalp
Diet: suspension feederp
Vision: blindc
Created: 2010-02-15 04:48:06
Modified: 2010-02-15 06:48:06
Source: c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Blackhillsian to the top of the Frasnian or 475.30000 to 372.15000 Ma

Collections (649 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Dawan478.8 - 466.6China (JiangSu) Protoskenidiodes sp. (7933)
Floian477.1 - 471.3China (Hubei) Protoskenidioides huanghuaensis (186117 186120)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0United Kingdom (Wales) Skenidioides sp. (69096)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0United Kingdom (Shropshire) Protoskenidioides revelata (43918 43930 43931)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (Hubei) Protoskenidiodes sp. (4714) Protoskenidiodes sp., Skenidioides sp. (4715) Skenidioides sp. (4709)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Argentina Skenidioides sp. (8783 8875)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0United Kingdom (England) Protoskenidiodes sp. (3684)
Arenigian477.1 - 468.0Argentina Protoskenidioides revelata (115181) Skenidioides kayseri (115182 115183) Skenidioides kayseri, Crossiskenidium stelzneri, Protoskenidioides revelata (115170)
Blackhillsian475.3 - 471.3Norway (Spitsbergen) Protoskenidioides promontorium (189896 189901 189911 189924 189929)
Castlemainian - Yapeenian471.3 - 469.4Ireland Crossiskenidium spinosum, Crossiskenidium lamellosum, Protoskenidioides hibernicus (153922)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Zlichovian410.62 - 393.47Canada (Yukon) Skenidioides sp. (81647)
Zlichovian410.62 - 393.47Czechia (Barrandia) Skenidioides boucoti, Skenidioides fascinatus (12112)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47Canada (Yukon Territory) Skenidioides variabilis (26659)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Czechia (Barrandia) Skenidioides cingulatus (12252)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Poland Skenidioides polonicus (231679)
Late/Upper Eifelian390.5 - 387.95Morocco (Maider) Skenidioides polonicus (234962)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Nevada) Skenidium asellatum (94274 94407)
Middle Givetian385.9 - 383.4France (Bretagne) Skenidium sp. (84086 84091 84095 84098 84099)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Iowa) Skenidium independense (35502)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (New Mexico) Skenidium independense (219871)