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Plectorthoidea
Taxonomy
Plectorthoidea was named by Schuchert and Le Vene (1929).
It was assigned to Orthidina by Williams et al. (2000), Benedetto (2003), Zuykov and Egerquist (2005), Zuykov and Harper (2007), Popov et al. (2009), Zhan et al. (2010), Rubel (2011), Hansen and Holmer (2011), Hints (2012) and Liljeroth et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Orthidina by Williams et al. (2000), Benedetto (2003), Zuykov and Egerquist (2005), Zuykov and Harper (2007), Popov et al. (2009), Zhan et al. (2010), Rubel (2011), Hansen and Holmer (2011), Hints (2012) and Liljeroth et al. (2017).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1929 | Plectorthoidea Schuchert and Le Vene |
2000 | Plectorthoidea Williams et al. p. 756 |
2002 | Apatoskenidioides Sepkoski |
2002 | Lebediorthis Sepkoski |
2003 | Plectorthoidea Benedetto |
2005 | Plectorthoidea Zuykov and Egerquist |
2007 | Plectorthoidea Zuykov and Harper |
2009 | Plectorthoidea Popov et al. |
2010 | Plectorthoidea Zhan et al. |
2011 | Plectorthoidea Hansen and Holmer |
2011 | Plectorthoidea Rubel |
2012 | Plectorthoidea Hints |
2017 | Plectorthoidea Liljeroth et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Plectorthoidea Schuchert and Le Vene 1929
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Fm. †Chilcorthidae Benedetto 2015
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G. †Chilcorthis Benedetto 2015
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†Chilcorthis huarpe Benedetto 2015
†Chilcorthis mucronata Williams and Curry 1985
Fm. †Cremnorthidae Williams 1963
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G. †Brandysia
G. †Septorthis
Invalid names: Cremnorthinae Williams 1963 [empty]
Fm. †Eoorthidae Walcott 1908
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G. †Apheoorthina Havlíček 1949
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†Apheoorthina daunus Walcott 1905
†Apheoorthina ferrigena Havlíček 1949
G. †Apheoorthis Ulrich and Cooper 1936
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†Apheoorthis humboldtensis Laurie 1980
†Apheoorthis lineocostis Walcott 1924
†Apheoorthis melita Hall and Whitfield 1877
†Apheoorthis ocha Walcott 1924
†Apheoorthis samensis Kobayashi 1937
†Apheoorthis submelita Yadrenkina 1967
†Apheoorthis suecica Tjernvik 1956
†Apheoorthis vicina Walcott 1924
G. †Brahimorthis Havlícek 1971
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†Brahimorthis alvaroi Mergl and Zamora 2012
†Brahimorthis antiqua Havlícek 1971
†Brahimorthis pompeckiana Havlícek 1977
G. †Eoorthis Walcott 1908
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†Eoorthis indianola Walcott 1905
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Invalid names: Eoorthis laeviusculus Walcott 1905 [synonym], Eoorthis wichitaensis Walcott 1905 [synonym]
†Eoorthis newberryi Walcott 1908
†Eoorthis remnicha Winchell 1886
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†Orthis (Plectorthis) remnicha sulcata Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) remnicha texana Walcott 1905
Invalid names: Eoorthis texana Walcott 1912 [synonym]
†Eoorthis sabus Walcott 1924
†Eoorthis thyone Walcott 1908
†Eoorthis zeno Walcott 1908
†Orthis (Plectorthis) remnicha winfieldensis Walcott 1905
G. †Otusia Walcott 1905
G. †Robertorthis
Fm. †Euorthisinidae Havlicek 1977
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G. †Euorthisina
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†Euorthisina nazarenensis Benedetto 2007
†Euorthisina orthiformis Havlicek and Branisa 1980
Fm. †Finkelnburgiidae Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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G. †Diparelasma Ulrich and Cooper 1936
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†Diparelasma pogonipensis Hall and Whitfield 1877
†Diparelasma typicum Ulrich and Cooper 1936
G. †Fasciculina
G. †Finkelnburgia Walcott 1905
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†Finkelnburgia cullisoni Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Finkelnburgia finkelnburgi Walcott 1905
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Invalid names: Fasciculina fasciculata Cooper 1952 [synonym], Finkelnburgia auriculata Cooper 1952 [synonym]
†Finkelnburgia macleodi Whitfield 1889
†Finkelnburgia missouriensis Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Finkelnburgia wemplei Cleland 1900
Invalid names: Marcharella [synonym]
Fm. †Giraldiellidae Williams et al. 2000
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G. †Famatinorthis
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†Famatinorthis ponderosus Cooper 1956
†Famatinorthis turneri Levy and Nullo 1973
G. †Gelidorthina
G. †Gelidorthis
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†Gelidorthis carlsi Villas 1992
†Gelidorthis meloui Villas 1985
†Gelidorthis perisiberiaensis Rasmussen et al. 2012
G. †Giraldiella Williams 1951
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†Giraldiella giraldi Williams 1951
†Giraldiella subsilurica Marek and Havlíček 1967
G. †Kvania Havlicek 1994
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†Kvania azulpampensis Benedetto 2007
†Kvania lariensis Benedetto 2007
†Kvania mergli Benedetto 2007
†Kvania primigenia Benedetto 2007
G. †Phaceloorthis Percival 1991
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†Phaceloorthis decoris Percival 1991
†Phaceloorthis fasciculata Percival 1991
†Phaceloorthis recondita Popov et al. 2000
Invalid names: Boonderella Percival 1991 [synonym]
G. †Proteorthis
G. †Scaphorthis Cooper 1956
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†Scaphorthis aulacis Percival 1979
†Scaphorthis perplexa Cooper 1956
†Scaphorthis sulcata Wright 1964
†Scaphorthis virginiensis Cooper 1956
G. †Tazzarinia
Fm. †Nanorthidae Havlicek 1977
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G. †Gondwanorthis Benedetto and Muñoz 2017
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†Gondwanorthis bastamensis Ghobadi Pour et al. 2011
†Gondwanorthis calderensis Benedetto 2007
G. †Lampazarorthis Benedetto and Muñoz 2017
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†Lampazarorthis bifurcata Harrington 1937
†Lampazarorthis brachymyaria Benedetto and Carrasco 2002
G. †Notorthisina Havlicek and Branisa 1980
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†Notorthisina musculosa Villas et al. 2009
†Notorthisina notoconcha Havlicek and Branisa 1980
G. †Shoshonorthis Jaanusson and Bassett 1993
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†Shoshonorthis dinorthides Cooper 1956
†Shoshonorthis michaelis Clark 1935
†Shoshonorthis ovata Pander 1830
†Shoshonorthis perplexus Ross and Barnes 1967
†Shoshonorthis subconvexus Cooper 1956
†Shoshonorthis swanensis Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Shoshonorthis tifletensis Havlicek 1971
Fm. †Phragmorthidae Williams 1965
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G. †Phragmorthis Cooper 1956
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†Phragmorthis antiqua Ross, Jr. 1972
†Phragmorthis buttsi Cooper 1956
†Phragmorthis eximia Popov and Cocks 2014
†Phragmorthis noda Hansen and Holmer 2011
Fm. †Platystrophiidae Schuchert 1929
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G. †Ffynnonia Neuman and Bates 1978
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†Ffynnonia costata Bates 1968
†Ffynnonia famatinensis Benedetto 2003
G. †Gnamptorhynchos Jin 1989
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†Gnamptorhynchos globatum Twenhofel 1928
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Invalid names: Gnamptorhynchos inversum Jin 1989 [synonym]
†Gnamptorhynchos manitobensis Jin and Zhan 2000
†Gnamptorhynchos orbiculoidea Jin and Chatterton 1997
†Gnamptorhynchos prayi Howe 1966
†Gnamptorhynchos rhynchonelliformis McEwan 1919
†Gnamptorhynchos selliseptalicium Jin 1989
G. †Mcewanella Foerste 1920
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†Mcewanella dorsisulcata Wright 1964
†Mcewanella vulcanica Villas et al. 1989
G. †Neoplatystrophia Zuykov and Harper 2007
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†Neoplatystrophia affabilis Rubel 1962
†Neoplatystrophia deani Cocks 2014
†Neoplatystrophia humilis Oraspold 1959
†Neoplatystrophia jaaniensis Rubel 1963
†Neoplatystrophia janniensis Zuykov and Harper 2007
†Neoplatystrophia lutkevichi Alikhova 1951
†Neoplatystrophia lynx Eichwald 1830
†Neoplatystrophia ovalis Alikhova 1951
†Neoplatystrophia quadriplicata Alikhova 1951
†Neoplatystrophia reversata Foerste 1885
†Neoplatystrophia saxbyensis Oraspold 1959
†Platystrophia lynx lynx Alikhova 1953
G. †Platystrophia King 1850
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†Orthis (Platystrophia) cypha James 1874
†Orthis (Platystrophia) laticosta James 1871
†Platystrophia acutilirata Conrad 1842
†Platystrophia amoena McEwan 1919
†Platystrophia anomala Hiller 1980
†Platystrophia baltica Zuykov and Harper 2007
†Platystrophia biforatus Schlotheim 1820
†Platystrophia caelata Williams 1974
†Platystrophia chama Eichwald 1861
†Platystrophia clarksvillensis Foerste 1910
†Platystrophia colbiensis Foerste 1910
†Platystrophia costata Pander 1830
†Platystrophia costatus Pander 1830
†Platystrophia crassa James 1874
†Platystrophia crassoplicata Alichova 1951
†Platystrophia crassoplicata rava Oraspold 1956
†Platystrophia cypha James 1874
†Platystrophia dentata Pander 1830
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†Platystrophia dentata dentatoides Oraspold 1956
†Platystrophia dentata evari Oraspold 1956
†Platystrophia dentata triata Oraspold 1956
†Platystrophia dentata trapezoidalis Alichova 1951
†Platystrophia elegantula McEwan 1919
†Platystrophia extensa McEwan 1920
†Platystrophia hongueda Li and Copper 2006
†Platystrophia humilis Oraspold 1959
†Platystrophia inferaplica Cooper 1930
†Platystrophia laticosta James 1871
†Platystrophia lutkevichi Alikhova 1951
†Platystrophia lutkevichi satura Oraspold 1959
†Platystrophia orbiculata Oraspold 1959
†Platystrophia pogrebovi Zuykov and Harper 2007
†Platystrophia ponderosa Foerste 1909
†Platystrophia profundosulcata Meek 1873
†Platystrophia putilovensis Zuykov 1999
†Platystrophia quadriplicata Alikhova 1951
†Platystrophia saxbyensis Oraspold 1959
†Platystrophia scotica Williams 1962
†Platystrophia tenuicosta d'Eichwald 1840
†Platystrophia tenuicostata d'Eichwald 1840
†Platystrophia tramorensis Liljeroth et al. 2017
†Platystrophia trentonensis McEwan 1919
G. †Siljanostrophia Zuykov and Egerquist 2005
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†Siljanostrophia camerata Twenhofel 1928
†Siljanostrophia jaanussoni Zuykov and Egerquist 2005
G. †Vinlandostrophia Zuykov and Harper 2007
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†Platystrophia regularis globata Twenhofel 1928
†Vinlandostrophia acutilirata Conrad 1842
†Vinlandostrophia annieana Foerste 1910
†Vinlandostrophia attenuata McEwan 1919
†Vinlandostrophia corryvillensis McEwan 1919
†Vinlandostrophia cumingsi McEwan 1919
†Vinlandostrophia cypha James 1874
†Vinlandostrophia elkhornensis McEwan 1919
†Vinlandostrophia foerstei McEwan 1919
†Vinlandostrophia hopensis Foerste 1910
†Vinlandostrophia juvenis McEwan 1919
†Vinlandostrophia laticosta James 1871
†Vinlandostrophia moritura Cumings 1908
†Vinlandostrophia ponderosa Foerste 1909
†Vinlandostrophia regularis Shaler 1865
†Vinlandostrophia sublaticosa Zuykov and Harper 2007
Fm. †Plectorthidae Schuchert and Le Vene 1929
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G. †Apollonorthis
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†Apollonorthis bussacensis Sharpe 1853
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Invalid names: Apollonorthis lusitanica Mitchell 1974 [synonym]
G. †Atlantida
G. †Corineorthis
G. †Desmorthis Ulrich and Cooper 1936
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†Desmorthis bifurcata Benedetto 2003
†Desmorthis crassus Ross 1970
†Desmorthis nevadensis Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Desmorthis planus Ross and Barnes 1967
†Desmorthis segnis Havlicek and Branisa 1980
G. †Doleroides Cooper 1930
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†Doleroides germanus Steele and Sinclair 1971
†Doleroides gibbosa Billings 1857
†Doleroides mixticius Percival 1991
†Doleroides panna Andreeva 1955
†Doleroides tennesseensis Cooper 1956
†Doleroides winchelli Cooper 1956
G. †Hebertella Hall and Clarke 1892
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Subg. †Hebertella (Schizonema) Foerste 1909
†Hebertella alveata Foerste 1909
†Hebertella bursa Raymond 1928
†Hebertella dinorthoides Laurie 1991
†Hebertella estonica Rõõmusoks 1964
†Hebertella frankfortensis James 1871
†Hebertella maria Billings 1862
†Hebertella montoyensis Howe 1966
†Hebertella parksensis Foerste 1909
†Hebertella prestonensis Ladd 1929
†Hebertella richmondensis Foerste 1909
†Hebertella sinuata Hall 1847
†Hebertella subjugata Hall 1847
†Orthis (Hebertella) scotica McCoy 1852
G. †Lipanorthis Benedetto and Carrasco 2002
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†Lipanorthis andinus Benedetto and Carrasco 2002
†Lipanorthis santalaurae Benedetto and Carrasco 2002
G. †Mimella Cooper 1930
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†Mimella borealis Billings 1859
†Mimella globularis Cooper 1956
†Mimella imperator Billings 1859
†Mimella nucleoidea Cooper 1956
†Mimella vulgaris Raymond 1911
†Mimella zhejiangensis Liang 1983
Invalid names: Sonculina [synonym]
G. †Nanorthis Ulrich and Cooper 1936
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†Nanorthis carinata Laurie 1980
†Nanorthis hamburgensis Walcott 1884
†Nanorthis purmamarcaensis Benedetto and Carrasco 2002
†Nanorthis putilla Walcott 1924
Invalid names: Evenkinorthis [synonym]
Subfm. †Orthostrophiinae Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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G. †Giraldibella Havlícek 1977
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†Giraldibella bella Bergström 1968
†Giraldibella hyskovensis Havlícek 1977
Subfm. †Plectorthinae Schuchert and Le Vene 1929
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G. †Plectorthis Hall and Clarke 1892
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†Orthis (Plectorthis) atava Matthew 1893
†Orthis (Plectorthis) christianiae Kjerulf 1865
†Orthis (Plectorthis) daunus Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) desmopleura Meek 1872
†Orthis (Plectorthis) desmopleura nympha Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) diablo Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) doris Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) hastingsensis Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) iddingsi Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) johannensis Matthew 1891
†Orthis (Plectorthis) kayseri Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) linnarssoni Kayser 1883
†Orthis (Plectorthis) newtonensis Weller 1903
†Orthis (Plectorthis) pagoda Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) papias Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Plectorthis) retroflexa de Verneuil 1830
†Orthis (Plectorthis) saltensis Kayser 1876
†Orthis (Plectorthis) tullbergi Walcott 1905
†Plectorthis altaicus Severgina 1967
†Plectorthis australis Cooper 1956
†Plectorthis burultasica Popov et al. 2002
†Plectorthis cliefdenensis Percival 1991
†Plectorthis exfoliata Raymond 1905
†Plectorthis licta Popov and Cocks 2006
†Plectorthis magna Cooper and Kindle 1936
†Plectorthis mazourkaensis Phleger, Jr. 1933
†Plectorthis obesa Cooper 1956
†Plectorthis patula Phleger, Jr. 1933
†Plectorthis perditosulcata Wright 1964
†Plectorthis plicatella Hall 1847
†Plectorthis ponderosa Cooper 1956
†Plectorthis punctata Cooper 1956
†Plectorthis scotica McCoy 1852
G. †Pseudomimella
Invalid names: Platystrophiinae Schuchert 1929 [empty], Platystrophinae Schuchert and Le Vene 1929 [empty]
Fm. †Ranorthidae Havlicek 1949
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G. †Ranorthis Öpik 1939
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†Ranorthis carinata Rubel 1961
†Ranorthis norvegica Öpik 1939
†Ranorthis parvula Lamansky 1905
†Ranorthis trivia Rubel 1961
Fm. †Wangyuiidae Zhang 1989
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Subfm. †Alpeisinae Popov and Cocks 2014
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G. †Bowanorthis Percival 1991
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†Bowanorthis devexa Popov et al. 2002
†Bowanorthis fragilis Percival 1991
Subfm. †Wangyuiinae Zhang 1989
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Invalid names: Apatoskenidioides [nomen dubium], Lebediorthis [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004 |
Age range: base of the Atdabanian to the top of the Ludlow or 521.00000 to 423.00000 Ma
Collections (2831 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Cambrian | USA (Montana) | Apheoorthis sp. (258) | |
Cambrian | Norway (Eiker) | Eoorthis sp. (194125 194126) | |
Atdabanian | China (Yunnan) | Wangyuia yunnanensis (90135 90137) | |
Nangaoian | China (Yunnan) | Wangyuia yunnanensis (132330 194140 194141 194153 194155 194161 194162 194163) | |
Dyeran | USA (Nevada) | Nisusia argenta (203344) | |
Amgan | Czech Republic (Bohemia) | Brahimorthis sp. (67708) | |
Solvan | Australia (New South Wales) | Austrohedra mimica, Glaphyrorthis fastigiata (56531) | |
Solvan - Menevian | Czech Republic | Pompeckium kuthani (73545 203343) | |
Middle Cambrian | Czech Republic (Skryje) | Pompeckium kuthani (203342) | |
St Davids | USA (Vermont) | Finkelnburgia sp. (78912) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
Sheinwoodian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Wangyuia thorsteinssoni (26011) | |
Wenlock | Czech Republic | Gelidorthina sp., Giraldibella sp. (14091) | |
Wenlock | USA (Iowa) | Platystrophia biforata (26702) Platystrophia sp. (25032) | |
Wenlock | USA (Wisconsin) | Platystrophia biforata (13353 26815) | |
Wenlock | Canada (Ontario) | Platystrophia sp. (14195) | |
Wenlock - Ludlow | USA (Illinois) | Platystrophia biforata (26816) | |
Wenlock - Silurian | USA (Wisconsin) | Platystrophia sp. (13069 13075 13104 13107) | |
Homerian | Czech Republic | Giraldibella cognata (14077 14103) | |
Homerian | Sweden (Gotland) | Platystrophia biforata (13599 13600) | |
Ludlow | Canada (Ontario) | Platystrophia sp. (14196) |