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Entactinosphaera

Protozoa - Entactinaria - Entactiniidae

Taxonomy
Entactinosphaera was named by Foreman (1963) [Sepkoski's age data: O Cara-l P Guad-u Sepkoski's reference number: 2,546]. Its type is Entactinosphaera esostrongyla.

It was synonymized subjectively with Trilonche by Aitchison et al. (1999) and De Wever et al. (2001).

It was assigned to Entactiniinae by Aitchison (1993); to Spumellaria by Sepkoski (2002); and to Entactiniidae by Won (1997), Feng et al. (2004), Takahashi and Miyake (2014) and Noble et al. (2017).

Species lacking formal opinion data

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1963Entactinosphaera Foreman
1975Thecentactinia Nazarov
1989Stolbergia Kozur and Mostler
1993Entactinosphaera Aitchison
1997Entactinosphaera Won
1997Thecentactinia Won
2001Stolbergia De Wever et al. p. 182
2002Belowea Sepkoski
2002Entactinosphaera Sepkoski
2004Entactinosphaera Feng et al. p. 386
2014Entactinosphaera Takahashi and Miyake p. 291
2017Entactinosphaera Noble et al. p. 441

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RankNameAuthor
Life
Eukaryota()
classProtozoaGoldfuss 1820
subphylumSarcodinaSchmarda 1871
classReticulareaLankester 1885
RankNameAuthor
subclassRadiolaria(Müller 1858)
superorderPolycystina(Ehrenberg 1838)
orderEntactinariaKozur and Mostler 1982
familyEntactiniidaeRiedel 1967
genusEntactinosphaeraForeman 1963

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Entactinosphaera Foreman 1963
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Entactinosphaera aculeata Nazarov 1975
Entactinosphaera aenigma Nazarov 1986
Entactinosphaera assidera Nazarov 1975
Entactinosphaera aubouini Caridroit and De Wever 1986
Entactinosphaera australis Aitchison 1993
Entactinosphaera brevispinosa Sashida and Tonishi 1988
Entactinosphaera cimelia Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
Entactinosphaera crassiclathrata Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
Entactinosphaera crassispinosa Sashida and Tonishi 1985
Entactinosphaera elegans Furutani 1990
Entactinosphaera erebenna Foreman 1963
Entactinosphaera foremanae Ormiston and Lane 1976
Entactinosphaera grandis Nazarov 1975
Entactinosphaera guangxiensis Li and Wang 1991
Entactinosphaera hapala Foreman 1963
Entactinosphaera hirta Nazarov 1980
Entactinosphaera liquidambarfructa Ormiston and Lane 1976
Entactinosphaera menneri Afanasieva 1997
Entactinosphaera neocimelia Feng et al. 1998
Entactinosphaera orientalis Sashida and Tonishi 1985
Entactinosphaera paracimelia Feng and Liu 1993
Entactinosphaera pseudocimelia Sashida and Tonishi 1988
Entactinosphaera pulcherima Nazarov and Ormiston 1993
Entactinosphaera riedeli Foreman 1963
Entactinosphaera simoni Kozur and Mostler 1979
Entactinosphaera strangulata Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
Entactinosphaera triassica Kozur and Mostler 1979
Entactinosphaera unimana Nazarov 1977
Entactinosphaera zapfei Kozur and Mostler 1979
Invalid names: Belowea [synonym], Stolbergia Kozur and Mostler 1989 [synonym], Thecentactinia Nazarov 1975 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicap
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: passively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: omnivorep
Created: 2005-01-28 01:13:47
Modified: 2005-01-28 03:13:47
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range: base of the Llandeilo to the top of the Sevatian or 466.00000 to 205.60000 Ma

Collections (125 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Llandeilo - Caradoc466.0 - 449.5Kazakhstan E. verrucula (37829)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Australia (Western Australia) E. palimbola, E. aculeatissima, E. australis, E. grandis, E. variacanthina (233596)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (Western Australia) E. grandis (233600)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9USA (Ohio) E. esostrongyla, E. dystactotata, E. euthlasta, E. fredericki, E. inusitata, E. riedeli, E. symphypora, E. tretactinia, E. variacanthina, E. diplostraca, E. erebenna, E. hapala, E. polyacanthina (142361) E. esostrongyla, E. dystactotata, E. euthlasta, E. fredericki, E. inusitata, E. symphypora, E. tretactinia, E. variacanthina, E. diplostraca, E. erebenna, E. hapala, E. polyacanthina (142363) E. esostrongyla, E. dystactotata, E. fredericki, E. hystricosa, E. riedeli, E. symphypora, E. tretactinia, E. diplostraca (142358)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7Germany E. altasulcata (91000)
Chadian345.3 - 345.0Thailand E. palimbola (90896 90897 90898)
Serpukhovian330.9 - 323.2USA (Alaska) Belowea variabilis (91035 91036)
Leonard290.1 - 268.0USA (Oregon) E. cimelia (95632)
Leonard - Guadalupian290.1 - 259.9USA (Oregon) E. cimelia (95629)
Kazanian - Tatarian272.5 - 252.3Malaysia E. pseudocimelia (87185)
Capitanian265.1 - 259.9USA (Oregon) E. cimelia (95636)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Thailand E. pseudocimelia (64519 91016)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Japan (Hyogo) E. aubouini (95681 95682 95683)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17USA (Oregon) E. cimelia (95643)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Thailand (San Kamphaeng) E. pseudocimelia (220608)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17China (Guangxi) E. sp. (95734 95735 95738) E. sp., E. crassispinosa (95671) E. sp., E. pseudocimelia, E. crassispinosa (95670)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian259.9 - 252.17Malaysia E. pseudocimelia (87128)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17China E. cimelia (61250 61251) E. pseudocimelia (59988)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17China (Sichuan) E. sp. (220732) E. spp. (220729)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Thailand E. pseudocimelia (64497 64500 64503 64509 64528)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Thailand (San Kamphaeng) E. pseudocimelia (220602 220603 220609 220610)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17China (Guizhou) E. sp. (95320 95321 95322 220737 220739)
Dienerian252.17 - 251.3New Zealand E. spoerlii (95466)
Griesbachian252.17 - 251.3New Zealand E. spoerlii (95459 95460 95461 95462 95463)
Induan252.17 - 251.2New Zealand E. chiakensis, E. crassispinosa (130296) E. spoerlii, E. sp. (130297)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Vietnam E. sp. (143596)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Thailand (Phatthalung) E. chiakensis (220597) E. sp. (220820)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Japan (Tochigi) E. sashidai, E. chiakensis, E. sp. (220579) E. sp. (220575 220580)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Japan (Kanto) E. chiakensis (220544 220548 220553 220556 220557 220558 220562 220563)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Japan (Tochigi) E. sp. (96061 96063)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) E. sp. 1 (95437 95438 95442) E. sp. 2, E. sp. 1 (95435)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Thailand E. chiakensis (64514 64515 64517 64518)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Thailand (San Kamphaeng) E. chiakensis (220615 220616 220618 220619)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) E. sp. (220582 220583 220595 220596)
Illyrian - Longobardian247.2 - 235.0Hungary E. triassica (153380)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Austria E. simoni, E. triassica, E. zapfei (95665)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Canada (British Columbia) E. amphilaphes (94695)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56Cyprus E. sp. 1, E. sp. 2, E. simoni (73854)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6Canada (British Columbia) E. amphilaphes (94697)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Canada (British Columbia) E. amphilaphes (94714 94728 94729 94730 94731 94732 94734 94742 94744 94746 94747 94748 94749) E. amphilaphes, E. simoni (94726 94755 94759 94764) E. amphilaphes, E. simoni, E. spinulata (94713 94741 94753 94756 94760) E. amphilaphes, E. spinulata (94707 94733 94736 94738) E. simoni (94702) E. simoni, E. spinulata (94743 94763) E. spinulata (94737 94740 94751)