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Bittnerulidae

Rhynchonellata - Spiriferinida - Bittnerulidae

Taxonomy
Bittnerulidae was named by Schuchert (1929). Its type is Bittnerula.

It was assigned to Suessioidea by Williams et al. (2006).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1929Bittnerulidae Schuchert
2006Bittnerulidae Williams et al. p. 1887

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderSpiriferinidaIvanova 1972
suborderCyrtinidinaCarter and Johnson 1994
superfamilySuessioideaWaagen 1883
familyBittnerulidaeSchuchert 1929
familyBittnerulidaeSchuchert 1929

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Bittnerulidae Schuchert 1929
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Subfm. †Bittnerulinae Schuchert 1929
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G. †Bittnerula Hall and Clarke 1894
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†Bittnerula zitteli Bittner 1890
G. †Leiolepismatina Yang and Xu 1966
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†Leiolepismatina semiconula Yang and Xu 1966
G. †Thecocyrtella Bittner 1892
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†Thecocyrtella ampezzana Bittner 1890
†Thecocyrtella buchi Klipstein 1843
†Thecocyrtella dagysii Halamski et al. 2015
†Thecocyrtella orientalis Ivanova 1960
Invalid names: Cyrtotheca Bittner 1890 [replaced]
G. †Thecocyrtelloidea Yang and Xu 1966
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†Thecocyrtelloidea tubulosa Yang and Xu 1966
Subfm. †Hirsutellinae Xu and Liu 1983
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G. †Flabellocyrtia Chorowicz and Termier 1975
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†Flabellocyrtia flabellulum Chorowicz and Termier 1975
G. †Hirsutella Cooper and Muir-Wood 1951
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†Hirsutella canavarica Tommasi 1885
†Hirsutella extraruga Yang and Yin 1962
†Hirsutella rectimarginata Sun and Ye 1982
†Hirsutella sulcata Wu et al. 2023
Invalid names: Hirsutina Kirchner 1933 [replaced]
G. †Neocyrtina Yang and Xu 1966
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†Neocyrtina mixodeltidiumosa Yang and Xu 1966
†Neocyrtina xui Guo et al. 2019
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†Spiriferinoides sakawanus Kobayashi and Tokuyama 1957
†Spiriferinoides yeharai Tokuyama 1957
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Invalid names: Spiriferinoides nasai Tokuyama 1957 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: low-level epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2018-11-10 18:08:52
Modified: 2018-11-10 18:08:52
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Spathian to the top of the Sevatian or 251.30000 to 205.60000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma

Collections (74 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Spathian251.3 - 247.2China (Guizhou) Hirsutella rectimarginata, Hirsutella sulcata (229989 229990)
Aegean - Bithynian247.2 - 242.0China (Qinghai) Hirsutella rectimarginata (107716)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Qinghai) Hirsutella extraruga (101033 101034 101036 101039 227936 227942) Hirsutella sp. (101038 101042 101043 101047)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Italy Spiriferina canavarica (136265 136964)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany Hirsutina hirsuta (46345)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Hungary (Veszprem) Thecocyrtella sp. (44288 44292)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Italy (Vicentin) Hirsutina hirsutina (87260)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Hungary Thecocyrtella horogensis (40616)
Pelsonian - Illyrian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Thecocyrtella sp., Leiolepismatina semiconula, Thecocyrtelloidea tubulosa, Neocyrtina mixodeltidiumosa (206770)
Pelsonian - Illyrian247.2 - 242.0China (Guizhou) Leiolepismatina semiconula (31614 31631 44255 44347) Leiolepismatina semiconula, Neocyrtina mixodeltidiumosa (31611 31615 44252) Leiolepismatina semiconula, Thecocyrtelloidea tubulosa (31617 44250) Leiolepismatina semiconula, Thecocyrtelloidea tubulosa, Neocyrtina mixodeltidiumosa (31612 31613 31628) Neocyrtina mixodeltidiumosa (31630 44249 44251) Thecocyrtelloidea tubulosa (31618 31619 31620 31621 31622 31623 31624 31626 31632 44247 44248) Thecocyrtelloidea tubulosa, Neocyrtina mixodeltidiumosa (31616 31625 31627 31629 152034) Thecocyrtelloidea tubulosa, Neocyrtina mixodeltidiumosa, Neocyrtina xui (206771)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0Bosnia and Herzegovina Spiriferina canavarica (203799)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0Italy (Trento) Spiriferina canavarica (202271)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Slovakia Hirsutella canavarica (23867)
Fassanian242.0 - 235.0Croatia Flabellocyrtia flabellulum (174766) Flabellocyrtia flabellulum, Thecocyrtella dagysii (151164)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Italy (Trentino) Cyrtina zitteli (44953)
Ladinian - Carnian242.0 - 228.0Bosnia and Herzegovina Thecocyrtella ampezzoana (203843)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Russian Federation Thecocyrtella orientalis (128053)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Hungary (Bakony) Thecocyrtella ampezzana (203197)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy Bittnerula sp. A, Bittnerula zitteli (34692) Bittnerula sp., Bittnerula zitteli (69661) Bittnerula zitteli (66197) Cyrtotheca ampezzana (138262)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Russian Federation Thecocyrtella orientalis (128071)
Tuvalian232.0 - 221.5Slovakia Thecocyrtella ampezzana (49420)
Tuvalian232.0 - 221.5Hungary Hirsutella canavarica (23870) Thecocyrtella ampezzoana (23869)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56Russian Federation Spiriferinoides yeharai (214691 214807)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56China (Xizang) Thecocyrtella orientalis (132576)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6China (Heilongjiang) Spiriferinoides sp. (98591)