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Protozygoidea

Rhynchonellata - Atrypida

Taxonomy
Protozygoidea was named by Copper (1986).

It was assigned to Lissatrypidina by Williams et al. (2002).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1986Protozygoidea Copper
2002Protozygoidea Williams et al. p. 1472

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderAtrypidaRzhonsnitskaya 1960
suborderLissatrypidinaCopper 1996
superfamilyProtozygoideaCopper 1986
superfamilyProtozygoideaCopper 1986

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Protozygoidea Copper 1986
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Fm. †Cyclospiridae Schuchert 1913
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G. †Cyclospira Hall and Clarke 1893
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†Cyclospira bisulcata Emmons 1842
†Cyclospira elegantula Rozman 1964
†Cyclospira levisulcata Rõõmusoks 1964
†Cyclospira nana Davidson 1869
†Cyclospira orbus Cocks and Modzalevskaya 1997
†Cyclospira perplexa Williams 1962
†Cyclospira scanica Sheehan 1973
Invalid names: Cyclorhynchia [synonym]
G. †Rozmanospira Popov et al. 1999
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†Rozmanospira mica Nitikin and Popov 1984
Fm. †Protozygidae Copper 1986
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G. †Manespira Copper 1986
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†Manespira costata Cooper 1956
†Manespira diversa Reed 1917
†Manespira elongata Cooper 1956
†Manespira magnicostata Cooper 1956
†Manespira nicolleti Winchell and Schuchert 1892
†Manespira rotunda Cooper 1956
G. †Protozyga Hall and Clarke 1893
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†Protozyga definitiva Percival 1991
†Protozyga exigua Hall 1847
†Protozyga gastrodes Temple 1968
G. †Xysila Copper 1995
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†Xysila anticostiana Twenhofel 1914
†Xysila astaca Copper 1995
†Xysila mogoktaensis Nikiforova 1961
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 14:10:24
Modified: 2004-02-28 16:10:24
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Llandeilo to the top of the Pridoli or 461.10000 to 419.62000 Ma

Collections (167 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ordovician486.85 - 443.1USA (New York) Protozyga sp. (332)
Middle Ordovician471.3 - 458.2USA (New York) Protozyga sp. (333)
Chazyan471.3 - 457.3USA (Virginia) Protozyga microscopica (186172)
Whiterockian471.3 - 457.3USA (Nevada) Protozyga sp. (104279)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.2China (QingHai) Cyclospira sp. (8683)
Llandeilo461.1 - 458.2Kazakhstan Oligorhyncha mica (161885)
Llandeilo461.1 - 458.2United Kingdom (Scotland) Protozyga rotunda (164928 164931)
Gisbornian - Harnagian458.2 - 457.2Australia (New South Wales) Protozyga sp. (2714 2715 2716 2717 2750 2755)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (JiangSu) Cyclospira scanica (7943)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0Norway Protozyga sp. (2945)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0United Kingdom (Wales) Cyclospira sp. (3370 3373) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga sp. (3372)
Sandbian458.2 - 452.8China (Shaanxi) Cyclospira sp. (186306)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5Canada (Ontario) Cyclospira sp. (64477 64479 64482)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5USA (Virginia) Cyclospira sp. (327) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga sp. (326) Protozyga uniplicata (37904)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5USA (Wisconsin) Protozyga nicolleti (55651)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5Myanmar (Southern Shan) Protozyga haydeni (186298)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5USA (Georgia) Cyclospira sp. (33103 33104 33105 33106 33107) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga sp. (33108 33109 33110)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8USA (Oklahoma) Protozyga elongata (186181)
Turinian457.3 - 453.8USA (Missouri) Zygospira nicolleti (175724 181091)
Ashbyan457.3 - 449.6USA (Alaska) Cyclospira elegantula (164853)
Ashbyan457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Protozyga rotunda (164924)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Oklahoma) Cyclospira parva, Protozyga loeblichi (23895) Protozyga costata, Protozyga elongata, Protozyga magnicostata (23893)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Manespira nicolleti (173874) Protozyga nicolleti (23273 23274)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Pennsylvania) Protozyga sp. (162391)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Protozyga nicolleti (23788 23789 23790 23791 23792 23794)
Blackriveran - Rocklandian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Protozyga nicolleti (23276)
Blackriveran - Rocklandian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Protozyga nicolleti (23795)
Rocklandian457.3 - 449.6USA (New York) Protozyga exigua (219799 219800)
Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian457.3 - 449.6United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga diversa, Cyclospira nana (89157)
Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Protozyga nicolleti (23796)
Rocklandian - Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Protozyga nicolleti (23277 23290)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Minnesota) Cyclospira bisulcata (23279)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6Canada (Northwest Territories) Cyclospira sp. (25313 25314 25315 25316 25317 25318)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Illinois, Iowa) Cyclospira bisulcata (23802 23803 23804 23805 23806)
Longvillian457.2 - 455.0United Kingdom (Wales) Cyclospira sp. (43640)
Burrellian456.6 - 452.5United Kingdom (Scotland) Protozyga diversa (165046)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5Norway (Oslo) Cyclospira sp. (3253)
Chatfieldian453.8 - 451.0USA (Kentucky) Protozyga sp. (34555)
Chatfieldian453.8 - 451.0USA (Virginia) Cyclospira quadrata (105205)
Chatfieldian - Edenian453.8 - 450.2Canada (Nunavut) Cyclospira schucherti, Cyclospira vokesi (24116)
Chatfieldian - Maysvillian453.8 - 449.6Canada (Nunavut) Cyclospira schucherti (192776)
Chatfieldian - Maysvillian453.8 - 449.6Canada (Northwest Territories) Cyclospira sp. (188774)
Katian452.8 - 445.2China (Anhui) Cyclospira scanica (186337)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Portugal (Coimbra) Cyclospira sp. (276227)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Canada (Quebec) Xysila astaca (158533)
Cheneyan452.5 - 451.3United Kingdom (Scotland) Protozyga perplexa (164412)
Eastonian - Marshbrookian452.3 - 454.0Australia (New South Wales) Protozyga sp. (2720)
Eastonian452.3 - 449.0Australia (New South Wales) Cyclospira sp. (2754) Protozyga definitiva (2727 2729 2731 2749 2751 166833 166836 166837 166838 166850) Protozyga sp. (2648 2701 2707)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2Canada (Quebec) Cyclospira bisulcata (192340)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Minnesota) Cyclospira bisulcata (23280)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Illinois, Iowa) Cyclospira bisulcata (23807)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6Canada (Nunavut) Cyclospira schucherti, Cyclospira vokesi (24120)
Edenian - Maysvillian451.0 - 449.6Canada (Ontario) Cyclospira bisulcata (26293 26294)
Edenian - Gamachian451.0 - 443.1Canada (Quebec) Cyclospira minuscula (37791 37792)
Nabala450.5 - 449.9Estonia Cyclospira levisulcata (161238 168647)
Harju450.5 - 443.1Sweden Cyclospira sp. (379)
Kralodvorian450.1 - 445.2Czechia (Praha) Cyclospira sp. (151985)
Kralodvorian450.1 - 445.2Italy (Sardinia) Cyclospira scanica (75890 185151)
Kralodvorian - Rawtheyan450.1 - 445.2Czechia Cyclospira sp. (3875 3879)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Wyoming) Cyclospira anticostiana (13497 65239)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Protozyga perplexa, Cyclospira nana (89260)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5Canada (Nunavut) Cyclospira vokesi (101984)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5Canada (Quebec) Protozeuga anticostiana (63675) Xysila sp. (163781)
Richmondian - Gamachian449.6 - 443.1Canada (Quebec) Cyclospira glansfagea (37790)
Pusgillian449.5 - 449.2Sweden Cyclospira sp. (2773)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1China (Jiangxi) Cyclospira sp. (186247)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1Canada (Quebec) Cyclospira minuscula (76075) Cyclospira sp. (11555 11556)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1Russian Federation (Taimyr) Cyclospira orbus (37638)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1China (Zhejiang) Cyclospira scanica (25864)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1China (Hubei) Cyclospira sp. (114989)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1USA (Maine) Cyclospira scanica (185954)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1Canada (Québec) Cyclospira anticostiana (24584) Cyclospira minuscula (24528)
Cautleyan449.2 - 448.8United Kingdom Cyclospira nana (163264) Protozyga perplexa (163262) Protozyga perplexa, Cyclospira nana (163263)
Cautleyan - Rawtheyan449.2 - 445.2United Kingdom (Wales) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga perplexa (8291)
Rawtheyan - Pusgillian448.8 - 449.2USA (Alaska) Cyclospira orbus (164855)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (Wales) Cyclospira sp. (8326 8327 8328 8366 8367 8370 192503)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (England) Cyclospira sp., Protozyga sp. (3667)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2Belgium Cyclospira sp. (185305 185309 185310 185315 185316)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1United Kingdom (England) Cyclospira sp. (80657)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1United Kingdom (Wales) Cyclospira sp. (8384)
Rhuddanian443.1 - 440.5United Kingdom (England) Cyclospira sp. (13806 13807)
Rhuddanian443.1 - 440.5United Kingdom (Wales) Cyclospira sp. (8408)
Rhuddanian443.1 - 440.5Norway Cyclospira sp. (13850)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.1 - 438.6Norway Cyclospira sp. (14301)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.1 - 438.6United Kingdom (Wales) Protozyga gastrodes (4954 4961)
Llandovery443.1 - 432.9United Kingdom (Wales) Protozyga gastrodes (3207)
Raikkula440.8 - 438.8Estonia (Pärnu) Cyclospira circularis (206837)
Aeronian440.5 - 438.6Canada (Northwest Territories) Cyclospira sp. (26027)
Aeronian440.5 - 438.6Norway Cyclospira sp. (13849 14279)
Ludlow - Pridoli426.7 - 419.62China (Gansu) Cyclospira sp. (27757)