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Paraspiriferina billingsi
Taxonomy
Spiriferina billingsii was named by Shumard (1858).
It was corrected as Spiriferina billingsi by Girty (1908) and Astre (1934); it was recombined as Paraspiriferina billingsi by Cooper and Grant (1976).
It was corrected as Spiriferina billingsi by Girty (1908) and Astre (1934); it was recombined as Paraspiriferina billingsi by Cooper and Grant (1976).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1858 | Spiriferina billingsii Shumard p. 294 |
| 1859 | Spiriferina billingsii Shumard p. 391 |
| 1908 | Spiriferina billingsi Girty p. 374 figs. Pl 13, figs 16-19d, 21-21b, 24-24c; pl 14, figs 15,16 |
| 1934 | Spiriferina billingsi Astre p. 76 figs. Pl 9, figs 1,9 |
| 1976 | Paraspiriferina billingsi Cooper and Grant p. 2731 figs. Pl 711, figs 42-47; pl 717, figs 18-22; pl 719, figs 64-67; pl 721, figs 1-17 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Paraspiriferina billingsi Shumard 1858
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 13 | 10.3 | 5.60 | 15.1 | 12.5 | 3.17 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013 | |||||
Age range: base of the Roadian to the top of the Capitanian or 272.30000 to 259.51000 Ma
Collections (50 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roadian | USA (Texas) | Spiriferina billingsi (108822 108862) | |
| Roadian - Capitanian | USA (Texas) | Spiriferina billingsi (108835) | |
| Wordian | Canada (British Columbia) | Spiriferina billingsi (62320) | |
| Wordian | USA (Texas) | Paraspiriferina billingsi (101867 102619 105896 105897 105899 105900 106111 106244 106245) Spiriferina billingsi (108821) | |
| Wordian - Capitanian | USA (Texas) | Spiriferina billingsii (133737) | |
| Capitanian | USA (Texas) | Paraspiriferina billingsi (81517 81589 81593 81609 81615 81623 81626 81698 81960 101798 101809 102618 102624 105895 105904 105993 106242 106243 106248 106249 106250 106251) Spiriferina billingsi (108812) Spiriferina billingsii (133736) | |
| Capitanian | USA (New Mexico) | Paraspiriferina billingsi (81629 81964 81968 102609 102622 102625 102629 105989 106302) Spiriferina billingsii (133738) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Madagascar (Diana) | Spiriferina billingsi (81987) |