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Stringocephaloidea

Rhynchonellata - Terebratulida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1850Stringocephaloidea King
2006Stringocephaloidea Williams et al. p. 1994

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderTerebratulida
suborderTerebratulidina
superfamilyStringocephaloideaKing 1850
superfamilyStringocephaloideaKing 1850

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Stringocephaloidea King 1850
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Fm. †Centronellidae Waagen 1882
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Subfm. †Amphigeniinae Cloud 1942
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†Amphigenia elongata Vanuxem 1842
†Amphigenia preparva Boucot 1959
Subfm. †Centronellinae Waagen 1882
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G. †Centronella Billings 1859
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†Centronella impressa Hall 1867
†Centronella navicella Hall 1867
†Centronella tumida Billings 1861
G. †Oriskania
Subfm. †Eurythyridinae Cloud 1942
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G. †Beachia
G. †Cloudothyris Boucot and Johnson 1968
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†Cloudothyris postovalis Boucot and Johnson 1968
Subfm. †Rensselaeriinae Raymond 1923
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Fm. †Meganterididae Schuchert and LeVene 1929
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Subfm. †Adreninae Boucot 1994
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G. †Adrenia
G. †Cydimia
G. †Micidus
G. †Sturtella
Subfm. †Antistrixinae Johnson 1972
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G. †Antistrix Johnson 1972
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†Antistrix invicta Johnson 1972
Subfm. †Brachyzyginae Cloud 1942
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Subfm. †Meganteridinae Schuchert and LeVene 1929
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†Meganterella finksi Boucot 1959
G. †Meganteris Suess 1855
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†Meganteris ovata Maurer 1879
Subfm. †Mutationellinae Cloud 1942
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G. †Cloudella
G. †Derbyina
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Invalid names: Chapadella [synonym], Paranaia [synonym]
G. †Neopaulinella Özdikmen 2008
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†Neopaulinella guerangeri Verneuil 1851
Invalid names: Paulinella [replaced]
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†Pleurothyrella knodi Clarke 1913
G. †Podolella
G. †Xana
Fm. †Rhipidiothyrididae Cloud 1942
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Subfm. †Globithyridinae Cloud 1942
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Subfm. †Rhenorensselaerinae Boucot 1975
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G. †Rhenorensselaeria Kegel 1913
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Subfm. †Rhipidiothyridinae Cloud 1942
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†Rhipidothyris circo Johnson 1971
Fm. †Stringocephalidae King 1850
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Subfm. †Bornhardtininae Cloud 1942
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Subfm. †Geranocephalinae Johnson 1975
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Invalid names: Acrothyris [synonym], Catacephalus [synonym], Conomimus [synonym]
Subfm. †Kaplexinae Sun and Boucot 1999
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G. †Kaplex
Subfm. †Leioseptathyridinae Sun and Boucot 1999
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Subfm. †Omoloninae Sun and Boucot 1999
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G. †Kumbella Khodalevich 1975
G. †Omolonia
Subfm. †Rensselandiinae Cloud 1942
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G. †Elmaria
G. †Newberria
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Invalid names: Denckmannella Schuchert and LeVene 1929 [synonym], Rensselandia [synonym]
Subfm. †Stringocephalinae King 1850
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†Stringocephalus burtini Defrance 1825
†Stringocephalus nevadensis Frost and Langenheim, Jr. 1966
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: low-level epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 14:14:12
Modified: 2018-11-10 17:47:38
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Pridoli to the top of the Kungurian or 423.00000 to 272.30000 Ma

Collections (411 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ludlow - Pridoli427.4 - 419.2China (Gansu) Mutationella podolica (27757)
Pridoli - Lochkovian423.0 - 410.8USA (Oklahoma) Rensselaerina haraganana (26826)
Pridoli - Helderbergian423.0 - 393.3Spain (Guadalajara) Mutationella SP., Podolella rensselaeroides (13929)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Canada (Nova Scotia) Mutationella sp., Podolella sp. (24857)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Spain Mutationella barroisi (13923) Podolella rensselaeroides (13922)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (Oklahoma) Rensselaerina haraganana (164273 164274 164275 164276 164277 164278 164279 164280)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Morocco Meganteris sp. (13938)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Ukraine Brachyzyga pentameroides, Podolella rensselaeroides (14152) Brachyzyga sp., Mutationella sp. (26978) Mutationella podolica (14151 14153 14154 14155) Podolella rensselaeroides (13876 23444)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Czech Republic Mutationella plicata (14119)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (New York) Nanothyris sp. (24813) Nanothyris sp., Podolella sp. (24811)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Canada (Ontario) Centronella sp. (633)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Germany Stringocephalus sp. (60181) Stringocephalus sp., Denckmannella sp. (60183)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Poland Stringocephalus sp. (83078)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Newberria caiqua (82561) Stringocephalus sp. (82483 82563 82564)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Russian Federation (Orenburgskaya Oblast) Chascothyris tschernyschewi, Denckmanella ovata, Stringocephalus burtini (83914)
Late/Upper Givetian - Frasnian380.2 - 372.2Germany Stringocephalus sp. (60180)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1Libya Septothyris boucoti (35637 35638)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7China Rhipidothyris obesus (162315)
Osagean352.0 - 343.0Canada (Alberta) Centronella emaciata (62418)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3China (Xinjiang) Omolonia sp. (62750 62759)