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Stringocephalidae

Rhynchonellata - Terebratulida - Stringocephalidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1850Stringocephalidae King
2006Stringocephalidae Williams et al. p. 1999

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderTerebratulida
suborderTerebratulidina
superfamilyStringocephaloideaKing 1850
familyStringocephalidaeKing 1850
familyStringocephalidaeKing 1850

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Stringocephalidae King 1850
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Subfm. †Bornhardtininae Cloud 1942
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Subfm. †Geranocephalinae Johnson 1975
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Invalid names: Acrothyris [synonym], Catacephalus [synonym], Conomimus [synonym]
Subfm. †Kaplexinae Sun and Boucot 1999
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G. †Kaplex
Subfm. †Leioseptathyridinae Sun and Boucot 1999
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Subfm. †Omoloninae Sun and Boucot 1999
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G. †Kumbella Khodalevich 1975
G. †Omolonia
Subfm. †Rensselandiinae Cloud 1942
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G. †Elmaria
G. †Newberria
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Invalid names: Denckmannella Schuchert and LeVene 1929 [synonym], Rensselandia [synonym]
Subfm. †Stringocephalinae King 1850
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†Stringocephalus burtini Defrance 1825
†Stringocephalus nevadensis Frost and Langenheim, Jr. 1966
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: low-level epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 14:14:12
Modified: 2018-11-10 17:47:38
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Emsian to the top of the Kungurian or 407.60000 to 272.30000 Ma

Collections (148 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Emsian407.6 - 393.3China (Guangxi) Rensselandia sp. (27422)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Uzbekistan Bornhardtina uncitoides, Stringocephalus burtini (217135) Bornhardtina uncitoides, Stringocephalus sp. (186486)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7China (Guangxi) Rensselandia sp. (27559 27560) Subrensselandia sp. (4024)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7USA (Alaska) Stringocephalus sp. (36590)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Czech Republic Kaplex bohemicus (5792 5816)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7USA (Nevada) Parastringocephalus sp. (5319) Rensselandia sp. (3830 44124) Subrensselandia sp. (5317)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Newberria amygdala (78403) Stringocephalus burtini (78415)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Germany Subrensselandia abbreviata (60134) Subrensselandia sp. (60140)
Eifelian - Givetian393.3 - 382.7Vietnam Stringocephalus burtini (83339)
Eifelian - Givetian393.3 - 382.7Australia (Queensland) Stringocephalus sp. (40012)
Eifelian - Givetian393.3 - 382.7USA (Nevada) Geranocephalus sp., Geranocephalus truncatus (94268) Geranocephalus sp., Parastringocephalus sp., Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus spp., Subrensselandia nolani (94278) Geranocephalus sp., Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus spp., Subrensselandia nolani (94266) Subrensselandia nolani (94249)
Middle Devonian393.3 - 382.7USA (Alaska) Stringocephalus burtini (111919)
Middle Devonian393.3 - 382.7USA (California) Stringocephalus burtini (226304)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Stringocephalus burtini (81731) Subrensselandia amygdala (229459)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Belgium (Namur) Bornhardtina sulcata, Bornhardtina uncitoides (70440)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Germany Stringocephalus burtini (227413) Stringocephalus sp. (25369 197084 197085 227412) Subrensselandia amygdala (60143 60145 60147 60150)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Czech Republic (Moravia) Bornhardtina onychophora, Rensselandia caiqua (5767) Bornhardtina skalensis, Rensselandia gregaria (5775) Kaplex obesissimus (5772)
Early/Lower Givetian - Middle Givetian388.1 - 380.2Morocco Stringocephalus sp. (176106 176109)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Iowa) Rensselandia cordiforme, Rensselandia johanni (93843 93844)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Guangxi) Bornhardtina sp. (3967 4014 4020) Bornhardtina sp., Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus sp. (25852) Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus obesus, Stringocephalus burtini (4015 4019) Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus sp. (3966 3968 3970 4012 4018) Bornhardtina speciosa, Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus obesus, Stringocephalus transversa (4017) Stringocephalus burtini (13167 13168) Stringocephalus sp. (4016 4707 4791 82073) Stringocephalus spp. (13170) Stringocephalus transversa, Stringocephalus burtini (13169 13172)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7United Kingdom (England) Stringocephalus sp. (81022)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Vietnam Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus burtini (83288) Stringocephalus burtini (83244) Stringocephalus sp. (83298)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Pennsylvania) Subrensselandia claypolii (9674 9705) Subrensselandia sp. (669)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Canada (Northwest Territories) Ectorensselandia laevis (96309) Ectorensselandia laevis, Stringocephalus asteius (55467 96310) Stringocephalus (94515) Stringocephalus aleskanus (96320) Stringocephalus sp. (96332)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (California) Stringocephalus sp. (225962 225963)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Russian Federation (Arkhangel'skaya Oblast') Chascothyris holzapfeli, Chascothyris salairica, Stringocephalus sp. (40711)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Sichuan) Rensselandia sp., Subrensselandia elegans, Subrensselandia guanwushaensis, Stringocephalus burtini (74633)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Poland Parastringocephalus parasulcatus, Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus burtini (83220) Rensselandia circularis, Stringocephalus burtini (83035) Stringocephalus burtini (82692 82740 83034) Stringocephalus sp. (83080)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Canada (Manitoba) Omolonia noctua (228423 228424) Stringocephalus sp. (3635 228113 228168 228169 228170 228171 228172 228173 228175)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Nevada) Geranocephalus sp., Parastringocephalus sp., Stringocephalus spp., Subrensselandia nolani (94402) Paracrothyris sp., Stringocephalus nevadensis, Rensselandia cloudi (94269) Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus nevadensis, Rensselandia cloudi (83979) Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus sp. (94272) Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus spp. (94404) Stringocephalus spp., Subrensselandia nolani (94403)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Canada (Yukon) Ectorensselandia laevis (96334)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7France (Boulonnais) Stringocephalus burtini (65762) Stringocephalus sp., Stringocephalus burtini (65778)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Bornhardtina uncitoides (44178) Stringocephalus buchi (101680) Stringocephalus burtini (44183 77872) Stringocephalus dorsalis (112146)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Mackenzie) Stringocephalus Sp. B (94529)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Australia (Queensland) Stringocephalus sp. (40013)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7France Stringocephalus burtini (38681 38683 65769)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Russian Federation (Kemerovskaya Oblast) Chascothyris salairica, Stringocephalus sibiricus (84386)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Guizhou) Stringocephalus sp. (84330)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Afghanistan (Ghazni) Parastringocephalus dewalense, Rensselandia sp., Rensselandia circularis, Stringocephalus sp., Stringocephalus burtini (74993)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Hunan) Stringocephalus sp. (34987 34988 34990 80272)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Stringocephalus sp. (77743)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Heilongjiang) Stringocephalus sp. (25871)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany Stringocephalus georgmeyeri, Stringocephalus sp. (60174) Stringocephalus sp. (143798 144259) Stringocephalus sp., Stringomimus sp. (144265)
Givetian - Frasnian387.7 - 372.2Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Stringocephalus sp. (77788)
Givetian - Frasnian387.7 - 372.2Vietnam Stringocephalus burtini (83340)
Givetian - Frasnian387.7 - 372.2Austria (Kärnten) Stringocephalus burtini (81665)
Middle Givetian383.0 - 380.2USA (Missouri) Rensselandia cordiforme, Rensselandia missouriensis (93849)
Middle Givetian383.0 - 380.2Canada (Manitoba) Stringocephalus sp. (3636)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (Alaska) Stringocephalus sp. (36603)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Newberria caiqua (82561) Stringocephalus sp. (82483 82563 82564)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Poland Stringocephalus sp. (83078)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Russian Federation (Orenburgskaya Oblast) Chascothyris tschernyschewi, Denckmanella ovata, Stringocephalus burtini (83914)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Germany Stringocephalus sp. (60181) Stringocephalus sp., Denckmannella sp. (60183)
Late/Upper Givetian - Frasnian380.2 - 372.2Germany Stringocephalus sp. (60180)
Kungurian279.3 - 272.3China (Xinjiang) Omolonia sp. (62750 62759)