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Sturnella (meadowlark)

Osteichthyes - Passeriformes - Icteridae

Taxonomy
Sturnella was named by Vieillot (1816). It is extant. Its type is Alauda magna.

It was assigned to Icteridae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Alvarez (1977), Parmalee and Klippel (1982), Clements et al. (2017).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1816Sturnella Vieillot
1930Sturnella Hay p. 357
1940Sturnella Wetmore p. 75
1956Sturnella Wetmore p. 96
1977Sturnella Alvarez p. 217
1982Sturnella Parmalee and Klippel p. 366
2017Sturnella Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyIcteridaeVigors 1825
genusSturnellaVieillot 1816

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Sturnella Vieillot 1816 [meadowlark]
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Sturnella magna Linnaeus 1758 [eastern meadowlark]
Sturnella neglecta Audubon 1844 [western meadowlark]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialsubf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantsubf
Diet: insectivoresubf
Diet 2: frugivoresubf
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 16:48:48
Modified: 2009-01-03 18:48:48
Source: subf = subfamily, o = order
References: Naka 2004, Kiessling 2004, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 2.58000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 1.8 Ma

Collections (27 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8USA (Florida) Sturnella magna (20384)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Mexico (Jalisco) Sturnella sp. (169983)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (California) Sturnella neglecta (176098)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Sturnella neglecta (20639)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (California) Sturnella neglecta (152008 161536 192630)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Florida) Sturnella magna (20491)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bahamas (Great Abaco Island) Sturnella magna (144663)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Sturnella magna (20573 20595)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Sturnella magna (75066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Sturnella neglecta (44954 120829 123918 190077 215552 218989)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bahamas Margarops fuscatus (194589)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Sturnella magna (154936)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) Sturnella sp. (82890)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Sturnella sp., Sturnella neglecta (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Sturnella sp. (103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Venezuela (Zulia) Sturnella magna (63515)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Sturnella sp. (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Bahamas (New Providence Island) Sturnella magna (194588) Sturnella sp. (144649)