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Pipilo (towhee)

Reptilia - Passeriformes - Passerellidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1816Pipilo Vieillot
1930Pipilo Hay p. 358
1940Pipilo Wetmore p. 78
1956Pipilo Wetmore p. 99
1982Pipilo Parmalee and Klippel p. 366
2017Pipilo Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
RankNameAuthor
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyPasserellidaeCabanis 1851
genusPipiloVieillot 1816

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Pipilo Vieillot 1816 [towhee]
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Pipilo angelensis Dawson 1948
Pipilo chlorurus Audubon 1839 [green-tailed towhee]
Pipilo erythrophthalmus Linnaeus 1758 [eastern towhee]
Pipilo maculatus Swainson 1827 [spotted towhee]
Pipilo naufragus Olson and Wingate 2012 [Bermuda towhee]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rancholabrean to the top of the Holocene or 0.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.126 Ma

Collections (35 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (California) Pipilo maculatus (176098)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Bermuda Pipilo naufragus (94308 194454 194461 194465)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Puebla) Pipilo sp. (230717)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Pipilo erythrophthalmus (20491)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Pipilo maculatus, Pipilo angelensis (152007)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Bermuda Pipilo naufragus (94310 194448 194449 194451 194455 194456 194457 194458 194459 194460)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.126 - 0.0117Bermuda Pipilo naufragus (154780 154781 194464)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Pipilo chlorurus (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (California) Pipilo maculatus (123918 218989) Pipilo maculatus, Pipilo chlorurus (215552)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) Pipilo erythrophthalmus (82890)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Pipilo erythrophthalmus (20571 20595)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Pipilo erythrophthalmus (84190)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Bermuda Pipilo naufragus (194444)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bermuda Pipilo naufragus (94307 194445 194446 194462 194463)