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Solenopleuridae
Taxonomy
Solenopleuridae was named by Angelin (1854).
It was assigned to Trilobita by Bruton and Harper (2000); to Solenopleuracea by Ahlberg (1980) and Landing et al. (2008); to Solenopleuroidea by Pour and Popov (2009); to Aulacopleurida by Adrain (2011); and to Ptychopariida by Whittington et al. (1997), Jell and Adrain (2002), Hollingsworth (2005) and Lamsdell and Selden (2015).
It was assigned to Trilobita by Bruton and Harper (2000); to Solenopleuracea by Ahlberg (1980) and Landing et al. (2008); to Solenopleuroidea by Pour and Popov (2009); to Aulacopleurida by Adrain (2011); and to Ptychopariida by Whittington et al. (1997), Jell and Adrain (2002), Hollingsworth (2005) and Lamsdell and Selden (2015).
Subtaxa
Abakanopleura, Acanthometopus, Acrocephalaspis, Acrocephalina, Agraulinae, Aiaiaspis, Aidarella, Albansia, Aldanaspis, Badulesia, Bigranulella, Catasolenopleura, Changqingia (syn. Austrosinia), Conicephalus, Crusoia, Denaspis, Eilura, Ejinaspis, Herse (syn. Solenopleurina), Huzhuia, Hyperoparia, Inouyella, Kabuqiia, Karagandoides, Keeleaspis, Lashushania, Levisia, Lianglangshania, Liosolenopleura, Lophodesella, Maiaspis, Manublesia, Mataninella, Menocephalites, Minupeltis, Munija, Munijia, Neoacrocephalites, Neosolenopleurella, Nilegna, Ninaspis, Oreisator, Paracrocephalites, Parasolenopleura, Pardailhania, Perneraspis, Pingluia, Proavus, Pseudosolenoparia, Rimouskia, Rina, Sao (syn. Crithias, Acanthocnemis, Acanthogramma), Shanghaiaspis, Solenoparia, Solenoparops, Solenopleurella, Solenopleurinae, Solenopleuropsis, Squarrosoella, Trachoparia, Usumunaspis, Wafangdiania, Yabeia
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1854 | Solenopleuridae Angelin |
| 1980 | Solenopleuridae Ahlberg |
| 1997 | Solenopleuridae Whittington et al. p. 302 |
| 2000 | Solenopleuridae Bruton and Harper |
| 2002 | Solenopleuridae Jell and Adrain |
| 2005 | Solenopleuridae Hollingsworth p. 139 |
| 2008 | Solenopleuridae Landing et al. p. 898 |
| 2009 | Solenopleuridae Pour and Popov |
| 2011 | Solenopleuridae Adrain p. 106 |
| 2015 | Solenopleuridae Lamsdell and Selden p. 377 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Solenopleuridae Angelin 1854
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G. †Abakanopleura Sivov 1955
G. †Acanthometopus Lu and Qian 1983
Subfm. †Agraulinae Raymond 1913
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G. †Aiaiaspis Nazarov 1973
G. †Aidarella Lermontova 1951
G. †Albansia Howell 1937
G. †Badulesia Sdzuy 1968
G. †Bigranulella Shaw and Clark 1968
G. †Catasolenopleura Qiu 1983
G. †Changqingia Lu and Zhu 1983
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†Changqingia chalcon Walcott 1911
†Changqingia intermedia Walcott 1906
†Changqingia laevis Peng et al. 1995
†Changqingia luia Luo 2001
Invalid names: Austrosinia Zhang and Jell 1987 [synonym]
G. †Crusoia Walcott 1924
G. †Denaspis Repina 1973
G. †Eilura Resser and Endo 1935
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†Eilura hanchengensis Luo 2001
†Eilura quadrata Resser and Endo 1937
G. †Ejinaspis Lu and Zhou 1986
G. †Hyperoparia Zhang 1983
G. †Kabuqiia Zhang 1987
G. †Karagandoides Ivshin 1962
G. †Keeleaspis Fritz 1972
+
†Keeleaspis pustula Fritz 1972
†Keeleaspis stupenda Fritz 1972
†Keeleaspis terhaari Hollingsworth 2005
G. †Levisia Walcott 1911
G. †Liosolenopleura Thoral 1947
G. †Lophodesella Zhang et al. 1980
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†Lophodesella henanensis Zhang et al. 1995
†Lophodesella quadrata Zhang et al. 1980
†Lophodesella rectangula Zhang et al. 1980
G. †Maiaspis Chernysheva 1956
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†Maiaspis blandita Rozova 1964
†Maiaspis mirabilis Chernysheva 1956
†Maiaspis quadrata Chernysheva 1956
G. †Manublesia Alvaro 1996
G. †Mataninella
G. †Menocephalites Kobayashi 1935
G. †Munija Khramova 1980
G. †Munijia
G. †Neosolenopleurella Ju 1983
G. †Nilegna Opik 1967
G. †Ninaspis Ivshin 1953
G. †Oreisator Geyer and Malinky 1997
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†Oreisator tichkaensis Geyer and Malinky 1997
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Invalid names: Strenuella spinosa Neltner 1938 [synonym]
G. †Paracrocephalites Poulsen 1954
G. †Parasolenopleura Westergard 1953
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†Parasolenopleura aculeata Angelin 1951
†Parasolenopleura parabolica Geyer 2017
†Parasolenopleura peregrina Wallerius 1930
†Parasolenopleura wurmi Geyer 2017
G. †Perneraspis Prantl 1947
G. †Proavus Poletaeva 1972
G. †Pseudosolenoparia Zhou 1974
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†Pseudosolenoparia angusta Zhang et al. 1980
†Pseudosolenoparia normalis Zhang et al. 1980
†Pseudosolenoparia yankongensis Zhou 1974
G. †Rimouskia Resser 1938
G. †Rina Poletaeva 1964
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†Rina abdita Rozova 1964
†Rina celebrata Rozova 1964
†Rina postrema Rozova 1964
G. †Sao Barrande 1846
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Invalid names: Acanthocnemis Hawle and Corda 1847 [synonym], Acanthogramma Hawle and Corda 1847 [synonym], Crithias Hawle and Corda 1847 [synonym]
G. †Shanghaiaspis Xu and Ju 1987
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†Shanghaiaspis decipiens Xu and Ju 1987
†Shanghaiaspis latilimbatus Xu and Ju 1987
†Shanghaiaspis usualis Xu and Ju 1987
G. †Solenoparia Kobayashi 1935
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Subg. †Solenoparia (Plesisolenoparia) Zhang et al. 1980
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†Solenoparia (Plesisolenoparia) angustilimbata Lu et al. 1988
†Solenoparia (Plesisolenoparia) multisegmenta Zhang et al. 1980
†Solenoparia (Plesisolenoparia) primitia Zhang et al. 1980
†Solenoparia (Plesisolenoparia) ruichengensis Zhang et al. 1980
†Solenoparia (Plesisolenoparia) transversa Zhang et al. 1980
†Solenoparia (Plesisolenoparia) trapezoidalis Zhang et al. 1980
†Solenoparia agno Walcott 1905
†Solenoparia bisulcata Kobayashi 1961
†Solenoparia conica Yang et al. 1993
†Solenoparia jiangsuensis Lin et al. 1983
†Solenoparia miaohouensis Zhang et al. 1980
†Solenoparia minuta Lu and Chang 1974
†Solenoparia talingensis Dames 1883
G. †Solenoparops Chang 1963
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†Solenoparops lata Zhang et al. 1995
†Solenoparops similis Zhang et al. 1980
G. †Solenopleurella Poulson 1927
Subfm. †Solenopleurinae Angelin 1854
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G. †Jincella Snajdr 1957
G. †Solenopleura Angelin 1854
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†Solenopleura borealis Poulsen 1927
†Solenopleura bucculenta Grönwall 1902
†Solenopleura bullata Poulsen 1927
†Solenopleura gronwalli Poulsen 1927
†Solenopleura holometopa Angelin 1851
†Solenopleura pruina Palmer and Gatehouse 1972
†Solenopleura similis Poulsen 1927
G. †Solenopleuropsis Thoral 1947
G. †Usumunaspis Lazerenko 1962
G. †Yabeia Reswer and Endo 1935
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Whittington et al. 1997 | |||||
Collections (212 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caerfai | USA (New York) | Rimouskia sp. (181) | |
| Early/Lower Cambrian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Keeleaspis pustula (156159) Keeleaspis stupenda (156143) Keeleaspis stupenda, Keeleaspis pustula (156147 156150 156156 156157 156158) | |
| Branchian | United Kingdom (England) | Strenuella spinosa (79928) | |
| Branchian | Canada (Newfoundland) | Skehanos quadrangularis (225124 225125 225126) | |
| Botomian | Russian Federation (Kemorovo) | Denaspis sp. (57020) | |
| Botomian | Russian Federation (Tuva) | Usumunaspis sp. (81479) | |
| Botomian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Solenopleura singularis (10168) | |
| Dyeran | USA (Nevada) | Keeleaspis terhaari (204959) | |
| Dyeran | USA (New York) | Solenopleura sp. (182) | |
| Duyunian | China (Shanghai) | Shanghaiaspis usualis, Shanghaiaspis latilimbatus, Shanghaiaspis decipiens (130255) | |
| Duyunian | China (Hubei) | Solenoparia sp. (130256) | |
| Duyunian | China (Heilongjiang) | Solenopleurella sp. (128446) | |
| Duyunian | China (Guizhou) | Pseudosolenoparia yankongensis, Pseudosolenoparia angusta, Pseudosolenoparia normalis (107132) | |
| Toyonian | Morocco | Parasolenopleura sp., Oreisator tichkaensis (9123) | |
| Delamaran | Morocco | Oreisator tichkaensis (174757) | |
| Delamaran | USA (Montana) | Solenopleurella sp. (64489) | |
| Delamaran | Canada (New Brunswick) | Badulesia tenera (34599) | |
| Amgan | Czech Republic (Bohemia) | Solenopleurina tyrovicensis (67708 67738) | |
| Amgan | Kazakhstan | Solenopleura emarginata (9973 9976) | |
| Solvan | Spain (Zaragoza) | Solenopleuropsis simula, Solenopleuropsis marginata, Solenopleuropsis thorali (203131) | |
| Solvan - Menevian | Czech Republic | Jincella prantli (73529) Perneraspis conifrons (73545) Sao hirsuta, Solenopleurina tyrovicensis, Jincella prantli (73557) | |
| Solvan - Menevian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Solenopleurella elatifrons (8597) Solenopleurella elatifrons, Solenopleurella transversa (8593 8594 8595) Solenopleurella transversa, Solenopleurella elatifrons (8596) | |
| Taijangian | China (Gansu) | Menocephalites simplex, Menocephalites triangulata, Solenoparia zhangxiaensis, Trachoparia intermedia, Trachoparia agave, Pingluia sp. (232843) | |
| Taijangian | China (Shandong) | Solenoparia angustilimbata (127528) Solenoparia sp. (124908) | |
| Taijangian | China (Anhui) | Solenoparia sp. (125513) Solenoparia sp., Solenoparia transversa (125519) | |
| Taijangian | China (Shaanxi) | Changqingia chalcon, Changqingia luia (124910) Lianglangshania hueirenensis, Eilura quadrata (124911) | |
| Taijangian | China (Shanxi) | Solenoparia miaohouensis, Solenoparia multisegmenta, Solenoparops similis, Lophodesella rectangula, Lophodesella quadrata (125299) Solenoparia primitia (125215) Solenoparia ruichengensis, Solenoparia transversa (125217) Squarrosoella tuberculata (125275) | |
| Taijangian | China (Hubei) | Solenoparia minuta (130257) | |
| Taijangian | China (Nei Mongol) | Solenoparia trapezoidalis (125417) | |
| Taijangian | China (Hunan) | Changqingia intermedia (49159) Menocephalites hunanensis (49158) Menocephalites pauperata (49155) | |
| Taijangian | China (Guizhou) | Solenoparia sp. (107135) Solenopleurina xingrenensis (127441) | |
| Taijangian | China (Henan) | Austrosinia chalcon (129133) Austrosinia chalcon, Lianglangshania hueirenensis, Solenoparops similis, Lophodesella sp. (129134) Austrosinia chalcon, Lophodesella sp., Inouyella yiyangensis, Lophodesella henanensis (129020) Lophodesella sp. (129019) Solenoparia conica (127072) Solenoparia sp., Austrosinia intermedia (129146) Solenoparia sp., Solenoparia talingensis (129125 129141) Solenoparia talingensis (129120 129124 129142) Solenoparops lata (129123 129139) | |
| Taijangian | South Korea | Solenoparia bisulcata (232930) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Spain (Asurias) | Solenopleuropsis sp. (198906) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Spain | Jincella sp., Parasolenopleura aculeata, Badulesia tenera, Badulesia granieri (55265) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Turkey | Solenopleuropsis marginata (69934) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Norway | Solenopleura parva (155477 155478) Solenopleura parva, Solenopleura munsteri (155475) | |
| Middle Cambrian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Jincella prantli (198923) Liosolenopleura servanti, Solenopleuropsis verdiagana, Solenopleuropsis monceretorum, Solenopleuropsis rouayrouxi, Solenopleuropsis multigranifera (198927) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Spain (Aragon) | Manublesia thorali (198937) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Norway (Rogaland) | Solenopleura bucculenta, Parasolenopleura peregrina (190113) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Germany (Bayern) | Parasolenopleura sp. (97598) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Czech Republic (Jince) | Solenopleura tyrovicensis (76484) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Czech Republic (Bohemia) | Sao hirsuta, Jincella prantli, Herse neubergi (67775) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Kyrgyzstan | Jincella sp. (116223) | |
| Middle Cambrian | India | Changqingia sp. (116467) Solenoparia shanxiensis (116461) Solenoparia talingensis (116460) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Italy (Iglesiente) | Pardailhania hispida (139880) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Poland | Solenopleurina linnarssoni, Jincella munsteri (72271 72272) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Greenland | Parasolenopleura aculeata (10477) Solenopleurella transversa (10485) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Spain (León) | Solenopleuropsis simula, Solenopleuropsis sp. (90554) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Czech Republic (Central Boemian) | Sao hirsuta, Solenopleurina tyrovicensis (76456) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Czech Republic | Sao hirsuta, Solenopleurina tyrovicensis (199038) Solenopleurina tyrovicensis (198920) | |
| St Davids | United Kingdom (Shropshire) | Solenopleura applanata, Solenopleura indet., Solenopleura brachymetopa, Solenopleura bucculenta (55509) | |
| St Davids | Canada (British Columbia) | Solenopleurella sp. (215) | |
| St Davids | Canada (New Brunswick) | Badulesia tenera (34600) | |
| St Davids | Spain (Zaragoza) | Badulesia granieri (90546) Solenopleuropsis spp. (141553) Solenopleuropsis verdiagana, Solenopleuropsis riberoi (90560) | |
| St Davids | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Solenopleura sp. (46501) | |
| St Davids | Greenland | Solenopleura bucculenta (10488 10489) | |
| Taijangian - Wangcunian | Turkey | Pardailhania hispida (133683 133685) | |
| Taijangian - Wangcunian | China (Shaanxi) | Eilura hanchengensis (124912) | |
| Tuesaian | Kazakhstan | Solenopleura emarginata (9968) | |
| Floran - Undillan | Antarctica | Parasolenopleura amundseni, Parasolenopleura cooperi (69519) Solenopleura reillyense (69505) | |
| Mayan | Russian Federation | Aiaiaspis nativa, Aldanaspis truncata, Aldanaspis puncata, Aldanaspis lermontovae, Solenopleura elegans, Maiaspis quadrata (10118) Munija ovalis (10037) | |
| Mayan | Russian Federation (Altai (Region)) | Aldanaspis sp., Solenopleura sp., Proavus sp. (10060 10062) | |
| Mayan | Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) | Maiaspis mirabilis, Rina celebrata, Aldanaspis enodata (131434) Maiaspis quadrata, Maiaspis mirabilis, Rina celebrata, Rina postrema (131435) Rina abdita (131433) Rina postrema (131486 131487) Solenopleura holometopa (131430) Solenopleura sp., Maiaspis blandita (131432) | |
| Menevian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Jincella applanata (193782) Solenopleurina variolaris (193783) | |
| Menevian | Greenland (Nyeboe Land) | Albansia sp. (9936) | |
| Menevian | USA (Alaska) | Parasolenopleura sp., Solenopleura sp. (10508) | |
| Menevian | Spain (Zaragoza) | Solenopleuropsis thorali, Solenopleuropsis marginata, Solenopleuropsis verdiagana (192403) | |
| Menevian | Spain (Aragon) | Badulesia granieri (196973) Pardailhania hispida (129415 196974) Pardailhania multispinosa (196975) | |
| Menevian | Kazakhstan | Solenopleura sp. (56538) | |
| Marjumian | USA (Arizona) | Solenopleura sp., Solenopleurella diligens (211) Solenopleurella erosa (158688) Solenopleurella porcata (158687 158689 158690 158694 158695) | |
| Marjumian | USA (Vermont) | Solenopleura franklinensis (222) | |
| Wangcunian | China (Guizhou) | Solenopleuropsis sp. (107324) | |
| Wangcunian | China (Henan) | Conicephalus caigouensis (127295) | |
| Wangcunian | China (Shaanxi) | Solenoparia agno (124914) | |
| Wangcunian | China (Hunan) | Changqingia laevis (49163) Menocephalites sp. 1 (49275) Menocephalites sp. 2, Changqingia laevis (49162) | |
| Wangcunian | China (Jiangsu) | Solenoparia jiangsuensis (127368) | |
| Wangcunian - Guzhangian | China (Hubei) | Solenoparia chalcon (130258) | |
| Wangcunian - Guzhangian | China (Henan) | Huzhuia paratypica (127076) | |
| Wangcunian - Guzhangian | China (Hebei) | Yabeia sp. (129270) | |
| Undillan | Germany | Parasolenopleura parabolica, Parasolenopleura wurmi (186153 186156 186167 186168) Parasolenopleura sp. (186166) Parasolenopleura wurmi (186148 186149 186151 186152 186154 186155 186157 186158 186160 186161 186163 186164 186165 186169 186170) Solenopleuropsis sp. (155786) | |
| Zhanaarykian | Kazakhstan | Solenoparia sp., Yabeia sp. (9963) | |
| Boomerangian | Turkey | Solenopleuropsis sp. (155479 155556 155559 155560) | |
| Guzhangian | China (Henan) | Solenoparia sp. (127077) | |
| Guzhangian | Spain | Manublesia thorali (182509) Solenopleuropsis multigranifera, Solenopleuropsis rouayrouxi (182507) Solenopleuropsis spp. (182508) | |
| Guzhangian | China (Hunan) | Huzhuia latilimbata (49176) Huzhuia latilimbata, Huzhuia paratypica (49298) Huzhuia paratypica (49166 49168 49169 49170 49173 49174 49181 49182 49184 49295 128352 128365) | |
| Guzhangian | China | Levisia sp. (233818) | |
| Guzhangian | Antarctica | Huzhuia sp. (227789) Solenopleura pruina (154032) | |
| Taoyuanian | China (Liaoning) | Lashushania lashuensis, Wafangdiania baijiaensis (127365) | |
| Maentwrogian | Russian Federation | Munija modesta, Maiaspis mirabilis (81113) | |
| Paibian | China (Hunan) | Huzhuia curvata (49195 126136) | |
| Paibian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) | Acrocephalaspis orientalis (132499) | |
| Steptoean | USA (Vermont) | Bigranulella latigenae (8977) | |
| Steptoean | USA (Nevada) | Minupeltis conservator (75268) | |
| Furongian | Russian Federation (Gorny Altai) | Acrocephalina lata (203913) | |
| Furongian | USA (California) | Minupeltis conservator (226280) | |
| Merioneth | USA (Vermont) | Solenopleura sp. (217) | |
| Merioneth | Canada (Alberta-British Columbia) | Solenopleurella sp. (213) | |
| Batyrbaian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Acrocephalina lata, Acrocephalina contracta (205625) | |
| Niuchehean | China (Hunan) | Acrocephalina acuta (107335 126683) | |
| Wenlock - Ludlow | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Solenopleura sp. (188855) |