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Permithonidae

Insecta - Permithonidae

Taxonomy

Permithonidae was named by Tillyard (1922). It is not extant. Its type is Permithone.

It was assigned to Planipennia by Tillyard (1922); to Polystoechotoidea by Whalley (1988); to Planipennia by Carpenter (1992); to Myrmeleontida by Vilesov and Novokshonov (1994); to Neuroptera by Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov (2004) and Engel and Grimaldi (2008); and to Neuropterida by Engel et al. (2018) and Martins et al. (2022).

Synonyms

Palaemerobiidae was named by Martynov (1928).

It was synonymized subjectively with Permithonidae by Novokshonov (1996).

It was assigned to Neuroptera by Martynov (1928) and Martynov (1932); and to Planipennia by Carpenter (1992).
Sialidopsidae was named by Zalessky (1928).

It was synonymized subjectively with Permithonidae by Novokshonov (1996) and Martins et al. (2022).

It was assigned to Megaloptera by Martynov (1928); to Neuroptera by Martynov (1937); and to Planipennia by Carpenter (1992).
Permosisyridae was named by Martynov (1932).

It was synonymized subjectively with Sialidopsidae by Martynova (1952); it was synonymized subjectively with Permithonidae by Novokshonov (1996).

It was assigned to Neuroptera by Martynov (1932).
Permopsychopsidae was named by Riek (1953).

It was synonymized subjectively with Permithonidae by Novokshonov (1996).

It was assigned to Neuroptera by Riek (1953).
Permegalomidae was named by Martynova (1952).

It was synonymized subjectively with Permithonidae by Novokshonov (1996).

It was assigned to Neuroptera by Martynova (1952).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1922	Permithonidae Tillyard
1928	Palaemerobiidae Martynov p. 86
1928	Sialidopsidae Martynov p. 96
1928	Sialidopsidae Zalessky p. 693
1932	Palaemerobiidae Martynov p. 65
1932	Permosisyridae Martynov p. 71
1937	Sialidopsidae Martynov p. 37
1952	Permegalomidae Martynova p. 201
1953	Permopsychopsidae Riek p. 83
1988	Permithonidae Whalley p. 49
1992	Palaemerobiidae Carpenter
1992	Permithonidae Carpenter
1992	Sialidopsidae Carpenter
1994	Permithonidae Vilesov and Novokshonov
2004	Permithonidae Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov p. 198
2008	Permithonidae Engel and Grimaldi
2018	Permithonidae Engel et al.
2022	Permithonidae Martins et al. p. 62

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
class	Insecta
—	Dicondylia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Paranotalia
subclass	Pterygota	()
—	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
—	Holometabola
—	Aparaglossata
—	Neuropteriformia
superorder	Neuropterida
family	Permithonidae
family	Permithonidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Permithonidae Tillyard 1922

show all | hide all

G. †Elmothone Carpenter 1976

†Elmothone martynovae Carpenter 1976

G. †Eopsychops Martynov 1932

†Eopsychops angaridensis Martynova 1961

†Eopsychops sojanensis Martynov 1932

G. †Jurla Vilesov 1995

†Jurla bisubcostata Vilesov 1995

G. †Kunguromaritus Vilesov 1995

†Kunguromaritus guttatus Vilesov 1995

†Kunguromaritus lacer Vilesov 1995

G. †Lodevosisyra Prokop et al. 2015

†Lodevosisyra reducta Prokop et al. 2015

G. †Lodevothone Prokop et al. 2015

†Lodevothone pectinata Prokop et al. 2015

G. †Okolpania Vilesov 1995

†Okolpania captiosa Vilesov 1995

†Okolpania eugeniae Makarkin and Shcherbakov 2009

†Okolpania favorabilis Novokshonov and Novokshonova 1997

†Okolpania observabilis Vilesov 1995

G. †Osmythone Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004

†Osmythone neoxenus Riek 1953

G. †Palaemerobius Martynov 1928

†Palaemerobius avus Martynova 1952

†Palaemerobius latibasis Martynova 1961

†Palaemerobius proavitus Martynov 1928

G. †Permantispa Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004

†Permantispa emelyanovi Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004

G. †Permegalomus Martynov 1931

†Permegalomus maculipennis Martynov 1932

Invalid names: Permithonopsis triramosa Martynova 1952 [synonym]

†Permegalomus regularis Martynov 1931

†Permegalomus spectabilis Martynova 1952

Invalid names: Bianchia Martynova 1952 [synonym]

G. †Permerobius Novokshonov 1996

†Permerobius latibasis Martynova 1961

G. †Permipsythone Pinto and de Ornellas 1980

†Permipsythone panfilovi Pinto and de Ornellas 1980

†Permipsythone perantiqua Martynova 1961

G. †Permithone Tillyard 1922

†Permithone belmontensis Tillyard 1922

Invalid names: Permosmylus pincombeae Tillyard 1926 [synonym]

†Permithone oliarcoides Tillyard 1926

Invalid names: Permosmylus Tillyard 1926 [synonym]

G. †Permithonopsis Martynov 1932

†Permithonopsis cellulosa Martynova 1952

†Permithonopsis dubia Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994

†Permithonopsis enormis Martynova 1952

†Permithonopsis grandis Martynova 1952

†Permithonopsis ivensis Martynov 1932

Invalid names: Permithonopsis proxima Martynov 1932 [synonym]

†Permithonopsis kaltanensis Martynova 1961

†Permithonopsis longifurcata Martynova 1952

†Permithonopsis obscura Martynova 1952

†Permithonopsis sharovi Martynova 1961

G. †Permopsychops Tillyard 1926

†Permopsychops belmontensis Tillyard 1926

Invalid names: Permithone venosa Davis 1943 [synonym]

†Permopsychops karaungirensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994

†Permopsychops saurensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994

G. †Permorapisma Tillyard 1926

†Permorapisma biserialis Tillyard 1926

Invalid names: Permorapisma triserialis Tillyard 1926 [synonym]

†Permorapisma fragmentata Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994

†Permorapisma gori Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004

G. †Permosisyra Martynov 1932

†Permosisyra latipennis Martynov 1932

†Permosisyra paurovenosa Martynova 1952

Invalid names: Sialidopsis sojanensis Martynova 1952 [objective synonym]

†Permosisyra punctata Martynov 1932

G. †Sauropsychops Novokshonov 1996

†Sauropsychops kazakhstanensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994

†Sauropsychops tillyardi Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994

G. †Sialidopsis Zalessky 1926

†Sialidopsis kargalensis Zalessky 1926

†Sialidopsis similis Martynov 1937

G. †Sismerobius Riek 1976

†Sismerobius pusillus Riek 1976

G. †Sylvamarita Vilesov 1995

†Sylvamarita minor Vilesov 1995

G. †Sylvasenex Vilesov 1995

†Sylvasenex lacrimabunda Vilesov 1995

G. †Tshekardithonopsis Vilesov 1995

†Tshekardithonopsis oblivius Vilesov 1995

†Tshekardithonopsis pictus Vilesov 1995

†Tshekardithonopsis zalesskyi Vilesov 1995

G. †Tychtobius Martynova 1958

†Tychtobius brevicostatus Martynova 1958

G. †Uralisyra Vilesov 1995

†Uralisyra angusta Vilesov 1995

†Uralisyra prolubnikovi Vilesov 1995

Invalid names: Palaemerobiidae Martynov 1928 [synonym], Permegalomidae Martynova 1952 [synonym], Permopsychopsidae Riek 1953 [synonym], Permosisyridae Martynov 1932 [synonym], Sialidopsidae Zalessky 1928 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range: base of the Artinskian to the top of the Changhsingian or 290.10000 to 252.17000 Ma

Collections (39 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	France (Languedoc)	Lodevosisyra reducta (105044)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (Kansas)	Elmothone martynovae (111217)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Russian Federation (Suksun)	Kunguromaritus lacer (124241) Sylvasenex lacrimabunda, Jurla bisubcostata, Sylvamarita minor, Kunguromaritus lacer, Kunguromaritus guttatus, Uralisyra angusta, Okolpania observabilis, Tshekardithonopsis zalesskyi, Tshekardithonopsis pictus (108206)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Russian Federation	Okolpania eugeniae (115214) Okolpania favorabilis (107787) Uralisyra prolubnikovi, Uralisyra angusta, Okolpania captiosa, Tshekardithonopsis oblivius (114207)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	Permipsythone panfilovi (116121)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	France	Lodevothone pectinata (117604)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Russian Federation (Arkangelsk)	Palaemerobius proavitus, Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis proxima, Permosisyra latipennis, Permithonopsis paurovenosa, Sialidopsis sojanensis, Permithonopsis enormis (116933) Permegalomus maculipennis, Permithonopsis proxima, Permosisyra latipennis (104993) Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis grandis (116934) Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis proxima, Bianchia spectabilis, Permithonopsis longifurcata, Permithonopsis cellulosa, Palaemerobius avus (104716) Permithonopsis sp., Permithonopsis ivensis, Eopsychops sojanensis, Permosisyra punctata (111187)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Russian Federation (Kemerovo)	Palaemerobius latibasis (122568) Permithonopsis kaltanensis (122569) Permithonopsis perantiqua, Permithonopsis kaltanensis, Permithonopsis sharovi (104704)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Russian Federation (Kazan)	Permegalomus regularis (116803)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Russian Federation	Palaemerobius proavitus (116456) Permithonopsis proxima, Permithonopsis triramosa, Permithonopsis obscura (96860)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	Sialidopsis kargalensis (152757) Sialidopsis similis (116610)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Russian Federation	Eopsychops angaridensis (124608) Tychtobius brevicostatus (122565)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal)	Permithone sp., Permopsychops sp. (14356)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Kazakhstan (Zaisan)	Permorapisma fragmentata (107957) Permorapisma fragmentata, Permithone tillyardi, Permithone kazakhstanensis, Permithonopsis dubia, Permopsychops karaungirensis, Permopsychops saurensis (105062)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	South Africa (Natal)	Sismerobius pusillus (124428)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Australia (New South Wales)	Permithone belmontensis (122423 122475) Permithone belmontensis, Permithone neoxenus, Permithone oliarcoides, Permorapisma biserialis (122433) Permithone oliarcoides (122412) Permithone venosa (122434) Permopsychops belmontensis (122417) Permorapisma biserialis (122424) Permorapisma triserialis (122419) Permosmylus pincombeae (122416)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Russian Federation	Permorapisma gori (117259)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk)	Permantispa emelyanovi (108358)