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Sturnidae (starling)

Reptilia - Passeriformes - Sturnidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1815Sturnidae Rafinesque
1970Sturnidae Brunet p. 47
2006Sturnidae Zuccon et al.
2017Sturnidae Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familySturnidaeRafinesque 1815
familySturnidaeRafinesque 1815

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Sturnidae Rafinesque 1815 [starling]
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G. Acridotheres Vieillot 1816
G. Aplonis Gould 1836
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†Aplonis diluvialis Steadman 1989 [Huahine starling]
Aplonis opaca Kittlitz 1833 [Micronesian starling]
Aplonis tabuensis Gmelin 1788 [Polynesian starling]
Invalid names: Lamprothornis Kittlitz 1833 [synonym]
G. †Cryptopsar Hume 2014
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†Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus Hume 2014 [Mauritius starling]
G. †Fregilupus Lesson 1831
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†Fregilupus varius Boddaert 1783 [Réunion starling]
G. Gracula Linnaeus 1758
G. Mino Lesson 1827
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Mino dumontii Lesson 1827 [yellow-faced myna]
G. †Necropsar Günther and Newton 1879
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†Necropsar rodericanus Günther and Newton 1879 [Rodriguez starling]
G. Pastor Temminck 1815
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Pastor roseus Linnaeus 1758 [rosy starling]
G. Sturnus Linnaeus 1756 [starling]
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Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 [European starling]
Invalid names: Sturnini Rafinesque 1815 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Calabrian to the top of the Holocene or 1.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.774 Ma

Collections (83 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117United Kingdom (England) Sturnus vulgaris (125089)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Spain (Castilla-Leon) Sturnus sp. (34870)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Sturnus vulgaris (197790)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Siracusa) Sturnus sp. (175900)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (Norfolk) Sturnus vulgaris (49816)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Monaco Sturnus vulgaris (191730)
Middle Pleistocene - Holocene0.774 - 0.0United Kingdom Sturnus vulgaris (197163)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Romania Sturnus vulgaris (197946)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Wales) Sturnus vulgaris (124954 125452)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Crete) Sturnus sp. (192949 192951 192957 192959)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy (Sardinia) Sturnus sp. (51552 51553)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (England) Sturnus vulgaris (125321)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Azerbaijan Sturnus roseus (193354)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) Acridotheres sp. (193439)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy Sturnus sp. (197769)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117France (Corse) Sturnus sp. (215363)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom Sturnus vulgaris (125437)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Tonga Aplonis tabuensis (194699)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Papua New Guinea Mino dumontii (194694)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Tonga Aplonis tabuensis (194698 194717)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Guam Aplonis opaca (208640 208641 208643)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tonga Aplonis tabuensis (193980 194700 194751)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Niue Aplonis tabuensis (193848 193851 193852 193856 193867)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Solomon Islands Aplonis tabuensis (209062 209064)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Reunion Fregilupus varius (193992)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0French Polynesia (Society Islands) Aplonis sp. (215325)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0French Polynesia Aplonis diluvialis (194675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand Sturnus vulgaris (100554)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (Wales) Sturnus vulgaris (125439)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Micronesia, Federated States of Aplonis opaca (194651)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France (Corse) Sturnus sp. (215378)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Northern Mariana Islands Aplonis opaca (194622 194623 194624 194625 194626 194627 194628 194630 194632 194642 194643 194645 194647 194649)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Mauritius Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus (194025 194028 194029) Necropsar rodericanus (194026 194031 194032 194074 194075 194165 194171 194172)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain Sturnus sp. (194936)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (England) Sturnus vulgaris (125446)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Sturnus vulgaris (215380 215388 215403 215415 215417 215421 215579 215581 215583 215616)