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Sauropsida

Taxonomy
Sauropsida was named by Huxley (1864) [The term "Sauropsida" occurs in a footnote. Otherwise the same group (reptiles + birds) is always referred to as "sauroids". ]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Laurin and Reisz (1995).

It was synonymized subjectively with Diapsida by Kuhn (1966).

It was assigned to Amniota by Huxley (1864) and Laurin and Reisz (1995).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1864Sauropsida Huxley p. 76
1995Sauropsida Laurin and Reisz p. 172

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
RankNameAuthor
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
Sauropsida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Sauropsida Huxley 1864
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Fm. †Mesosauridae Baur 1889
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G. †Brazilosaurus Shikama and Ozaki 1966
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Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis Shikama and Ozaki 1966
G. †Mesosaurus Gervais 1865
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Mesosaurus tenuidens Gervais 1865
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Invalid names: Ditrochosaurus capensis Gürich 1889 [synonym], Mesosaurus brasiliensis Mac Gregor 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ditrochosaurus Gürich 1889 [synonym]
G. †Stereosternum Cope 1885
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Stereosternum tumidum Cope 1885
Invalid names: Mesosaurus pleurogaster Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Noteosaurus Broom 1913 [invalid subgroup], Noteosaurus africanus Broom 1913 [nomen dubium]
Cl. Reptilia Laurenti 1768 [reptile]
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Unr. Amblyglossae Fitzinger 1843
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Or. Dendrobatae Wiegmann 1834
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Invalid names: Pleurodontes Wagler 1830 [empty]
Subcl. Anapsida Williston 1917 [anapsid]
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Superor. Chelonomorpha Kuhn 1960
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Or. †Eunotosauria Watson 1917
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Invalid names: Eunotosauroidea Nopcsa 1928 [empty]
G. †Anhomoiichnium Dozy 1935
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Anhomoiichnium diversum Schmidt 1959
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Invalid names: Akropus diversus Schmidt 1959 [synonym]
G. †Apatomerus Williston 1903
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Apatomerus mirus Williston 1903
Subcl. †Archaeosauria Jaekel 1911
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Invalid names: Gephyrostegi Jaekel 1911 [empty]
G. †Cunichnoides Hitchcock 1858
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Cunichnoides marsupialoideus Hitchcock 1858
G. †Dimetropus Romer and Price 1940
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Dimetropus berea Tilton 1931
Dimetropus latus Heyler and Montenat 1980
Dimetropus leisnerianus Geintiz 1863
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Invalid names: Ichnium acrodactylum Pabst 1908 [synonym]
Subcl. Diplotremata Hay 1930
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Invalid names: Eoditremata Hay 1930 [empty]
G. †Dolichobrachium Williston 1904
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Dolichobrachium gracile Williston 1904
G. †Embolophorus Cope 1878
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Subcl. Eureptilia Olson 1947 [eureptile]
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Fm. †Captorhinidae Case 1911
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G. †Acrodenta Dutuit 1976
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Acrodenta irerhi Dutuit 1976
G. †Baeotherates May and Cifelli 1998
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Baeotherates fortsillensis May and Cifelli 1998
G. †Captorhinoides Olson 1951
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G. †Captorhinus Cope 1896
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Captorhinus aguti Cope 1882
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Invalid names: Bayloria morei Olson 1941 [synonym], Captorhinus aduncus Cope 1896 [synonym], Captorhinus angusticeps Cope 1896 [synonym], Captorhinus isolomus Cope 1896 [synonym], Hypopnous squaliceps Cope 1896 [synonym], Paracaptorhinus neglectus Watson 1954 [synonym]
Captorhinus kierani deBraga et al. 2019
Captorhinus laticeps Williston 1909
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Invalid names: Labidosaurus oklahomensis Seltin 1959 [synonym]
Captorhinus magnus Kissel et al. 2002
Invalid names: Bayloria Olson 1941 [synonym], Ectocynodon Cope 1878 [invalid subgroup], Eocaptorhinus Heaton 1979 [synonym], Hypopnous Cope 1896 [synonym], Paracaptorhinus Watson 1954 [synonym]
G. †Euconcordia Reisz et al. 2016
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Euconcordia cunninghami Müller and Reisz 2005
Invalid names: Concordia Müller and Reisz 2005 [replaced]
G. †Helodectes Cope 1880
G. †Labidosaurikos Stovall 1950
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Labidosaurikos meachami Stovall 1950
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Invalid names: Labidosaurikos barkeri Olson 1954 [synonym]
G. †Labidosauriscus Modesto et al. 2018
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Labidosauriscus richardi Modesto et al. 2018
G. †Labidosaurus Cope 1896
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Labidosaurus broilii Case 1911
Labidosaurus hamatus Cope 1896
Subfm. †Moradisaurinae de Ricqlès and Taquet 1982
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G. †Captorhinikos Olson 1954
G. †Gansurhinus Reisz et al. 2011
G. †Gecatogomphius Vjushkov and Chudinov 1957
G. †Hyloidichnus Gilmore 1927
G. †Kahneria Olson 1962
G. †Moradisaurus Taquet 1969
G. †Rothianiscus Kuhn 1961
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Invalid names: Rothia Olson and Beerbower 1953 [replaced]
G. †Opisthodontosaurus Reisz et al. 2015
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Opisthodontosaurus carrolli Reisz et al. 2015
G. †Protocaptorhinus Clark and Carroll 1973
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Protocaptorhinus pricei Clark and Carroll 1973
Invalid names: Pleuristion Case 1902 [nomen dubium], Pleuristion brachycoelous Case 1902 [nomen dubium]
G. †Reiszorhinus Sumida et al. 2010
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Reiszorhinus olsoni Sumida et al. 2010
G. †Rhiodenticulatus Berman and Reisz 1986
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Rhiodenticulatus heatoni Berman and Reisz 1986
G. †Romeria Price 1937
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Romeria prima Clark and Carroll 1973
Romeria texana Price 1937
G. †Saurorictus Modesto and Smith 2001
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Saurorictus australis Modesto and Smith 2001
Invalid names: Captorhininae Case 1911 [empty], Pariotichidae Cope 1883 [synonym], Riabininus Ivakhnenko 1990 [nomen dubium], Riabininus uralensis Riabinin 1915 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Protorothyrididae Price 1937
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G. †Paleothyris Carroll 1969
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Paleothyris acadiana Carroll 1969
Invalid names: Romeriidae Price 1937 [invalid subgroup]
Unr. Romeriida Gauthier et al. 1988
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Unr. Diapsida Osborn 1903 [diapsid]
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G. †Adelosaurus Watson 1914
Unr. †Araeoscelidia Williston 1913
Unr. Archosauromorpha Huene 1946 [archosauromorph]
G. †Dolerosaurus Butler 2013
Unr. †Drepanosauromorpha Renesto et al. 2010
Unr. Eosuchia Broom 1914
G. †Faxinalipterus Bonaparte et al. 2010
G. †Horaffia Klein and Hagdorn 2014
Or. †Hupehsuchia Carroll and Dong 1991
Unr. †Ichthyosauromorpha Motani et al. 2015
G. †Lanthanolania Modesto and Reisz 2002
G. †Palacrodon Broom 1906
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Invalid names: Fremouwsaurus Gow 1992 [synonym]
Subor. †Sauropterygia Owen 1859
Fm. †Saurosphargidae Li et al. 2011
G. †Stauromatodon Sobral et al. 2021
Unr. †Thalattosauriformes Nicholls 1999
Invalid names: Diaptosauria Osborn 1903 [empty], Endennasauridae [empty], Fremouwsauridae Gow 1992 [empty], Prodiapsida [empty], Rysosteus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Utahdactylus Czerkas and Mickelson 2002 [nomen dubium], Utahdactylus kateae Czerkas and Mickelson 2002 [nomen dubium]
G. †Thuringothyris Boy and Martens 1991
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Thuringothyris mahlendorffae Boy and Martens 1991
Invalid names: Captorhina Olson 1947 [empty], Parapsida Williston 1917 [empty]
G. Glauconia Gray 1845
G. †Ischyrotherium Leidy 1856
G. †Isocampe Hitchcock 1858
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Isocampe strata Hitchcock 1858
G. †Kintneria Ryan and Willard 1947
G. †Metamosaurus Cope 1878
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Metamosaurus fossatus Cope 1878
Or. Monopnoa Fitzinger 1826
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Invalid names: Nuda Müller [empty]
Subcl. Monozygocrotapha Nopcsa 1928
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Invalid names: Dranitesauria Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Pelycosauria Cope 1878 [empty]
G. †Onychichnium Dozy 1935
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Onychichnium escheri Dozy 1935
G. †Oolithes Buckman 1859
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Oolithes bathonicae Buckman 1859
Oolithes obtusatus Carruthers 1871
Oolithes sphaericus Carruthers 1871
Unr. Pantestudines Joyce et al. 2004
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G. †Eorhynchochelys Li et al. 2018
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Eorhynchochelys sinensis Li et al. 2018
G. †Pappochelys Schoch and Sues 2015
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Pappochelys rosinae Schoch and Sues 2015
Subcl. †Parareptilia Lawrence 1868 [parareptile]
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Unr. †Bolosauria Kuhn 1959
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Fm. †Bolosauridae Cope 1878
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Subfm. †Belebeyinae Ivakhnenko 2001
Subfm. †Bolosaurinae Cope 1878
G. †Eudibamus Berman et al. 2000
Invalid names: Bolosaurus traati Tatarinov 1974 [nomen dubium]
G. †Erpetonyx Modesto et al. 2015
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Erpetonyx arsenaultorum Modesto et al. 2015
Superor. †Cheloniamorpha Ivakhnenko 1997
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Or. †Pareiasaurida Ivakhnenko 1997
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Subor. †Nycteroleterina Ivakhnenko 1997
G. †Sukhonopus Gubin et al. 2003
Invalid names: Pareiasaurina Ivakhnenko 1997 [empty]
G. †Eunotosaurus Seeley 1892
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Eunotosaurus africanus Seeley 1892
G. †Kinelia Bulanov 2002
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Kinelia broomi Bulanov 2002
G. †Microleter Tsuji et al. 2010
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Microleter mckinzieorum Tsuji et al. 2010
Fm. †Millerettidae Romer 1956
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G. †Broomia Watson 1914
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Broomia perplexa Watson 1914
G. †Milleretta Broom 1948
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Milleretta rubidgei Broom 1938
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Invalid names: Millerettoides platyceps Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerettops kitchingi Broom 1948 [synonym]
Invalid names: Millerettoides Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerettops Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerina Broom 1938 [replaced]
G. †Millerinoides Broom 1940
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G. †Milleropsis Gow 1972
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Milleropsis pricei Watson 1957
G. †Millerosaurus Broom 1948
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Millerosaurus nuffieldi Watson 1957
Millerosaurus ornatus Broom 1948
Invalid names: Nanomilleretta Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium], Nanomilleretta kitchingi Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Nyctiphruretidae Efremov 1938
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G. †Abyssomedon MacDougall and Reisz 2014
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Abyssomedon williamsi MacDougall and Reisz 2014
Subfm. †Nyctiphruretinae Efremov 1938
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G. †Nyctiboetus Chudinov 1955
G. †Nyctiphruretus Efremov 1938
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Nyctiphruretus acudens Efremov 1938
Nyctiphruretus optabilis Bulanov 2002
Superfm. †Procolophonoidea Romer 1956
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Fm. †Owenettidae Broom 1939
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G. †Barasaurus Piveteau 1955
G. †Candelaria Price 1947
G. †Owenetta Broom 1939
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Invalid names: Colubrifer Carroll 1982 [synonym]
G. †Saurodektes Modesto et al. 2004
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Invalid names: Saurodectes Modesto et al. 2003 [replaced]
G. †Pintosaurus Pineiro et al. 2004
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Pintosaurus magnidentis Pineiro et al. 2004
G. †Procolophonichnium Nopcsa 1923
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Procolophonichnium polonicum Ptaszynski 1990
Procolophonichnium tirolensis Ceoloni et al. 1988
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Invalid names: Chelichnus tazelwurmi Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Paradoxichnium radeinensis Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Prochirotherium permicum Leonardi 1951 [synonym]
Procolophonichnium winterswijkense Demathieu and Oosterink 1983
Invalid names: Contiichnus Citton et al. 2017 [synonym]
Fm. †Procolophonidae Lydekker 1889
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G. †Acadiella Sues and Baird 1998
G. †Coletta Gow 2000
G. †Contritosaurus Ivakhnenko 1974
G. †Eomurruna Hamley et al. 2021
G. †Estheriophagus Novozhilov 1948
G. †Eumetabolodon Li 1983
G. †Gomphiosauridion Sues and Olsen 1993
G. †Haligonia Sues and Baird 1998
G. †Kitchingnathus Cisneros 2008
G. †Koiloskiosaurus Huene 1911
G. †Lasasaurus Falconnet et al. 2012
Subfm. †Leptopleuroninae Ivakhnenko 1979
G. †Neoprocolophon Young 1957
G. †Oryporan Pinheiro et al. 2021
G. †Pentaedrusaurus Li 1989
Subfm. †Procolophoninae Nopcsa 1928
G. †Procolophonoides Ivakhnenko 1979
G. †Sauropareion Modesto et al. 2001
G. †Smilodonterpeton Skinner et al. 2020
G. †Spondylolestes Broom 1937
G. †Suchonosaurus Tverdochlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
G. †Teratophon Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Thelephon Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Thelerpeton Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Tichvinskia Chudinov and Vjushkov 1956
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Invalid names: Burtensia Ivakhnenko 1975 [synonym]
G. †Youngetta Hamley et al. 2020
Invalid names: Paoteodon Chow and Sun 1960 [nomen dubium], Spondylolestidae Ivakhnenko 1979 [invalid subgroup], Thelegnathus Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Thelegnathus browni Broom 1905 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Tichvinskia jugensis Vjushkov and Chudinov 1956 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Procolophonomorpha Romer 1964
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Unr. †Ankyramorpha deBraga and Reisz 1996
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Superfm. †Lanthanosuchoidea Efremov 1940
G. †Australothyris Modesto et al. 2009
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Australothyris smithi Modesto et al. 2009
Unr. †Nyctiphruretia Lee 1995
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Fm. †Nycteroleteridae Romer 1956
Unr. †Procolophonia Seeley 1888
+
Unr. †Hallucicrania Lee 1995
G. †Procolophonipus von Lilienstern 1939
G. †Ruhuhuaria Tsuji et al. 2013
G. †Xenodiphyodon Sues and Olsen 1993
Invalid names: Procolophoniformes Lee 1995 [synonym], Testudinomorpha Laurin and Reisz 1995 [empty]
Fm. †Sclerosauridae Nopsca 1923
+
G. †Basileosaurus Wiedersheim 1879
Invalid names: Procolophonida [empty]
Subcl. †Poeciloglyptica Hay 1930
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Superor. †Catacritosauria Hay 1930
+
Invalid names: Omphalosauria Huene 1923 [empty]
Superor. †Elpidosauria Hay 1930
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Or. †Sphenacodontomorphi Hay 1930
+
Subor. †Edaphosauriformes Hay 1930
+
Invalid names: Naosauri Jaekel 1910 [replaced]
Invalid names: Caseiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Poliosauriformes Hay 1930 [empty], Sphenacodontiformes Hay 1930 [empty]
Invalid names: Astatoglyptica Hay 1930 [empty]
G. †Polemarchus Hitchcock 1845
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Polemarchus dananus Hitchcock 1848
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Invalid names: Palamopus clarki Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
Polemarchus polemarchius Hitchcock 1837
+
Invalid names: Polemarchus gigas Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eupalamopus Hay 1902 [synonym], Palamopus Hitchcock 1848 [synonym]
Superor. Rhizodonta Bonaparte 1838
+
Invalid names: Emydosaurii Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Fm. †Rhynchosauroidae Haubold 1966
+
G. †Dromopus Marsh 1894
+
Dromopus agilis Marsh 1894
Dromopus lacertoides Geinitz 1861
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Invalid names: Eumekichnium gampsodactylum Pabst 1900 [synonym]
Dromopus palmatus Moodie 1929
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Invalid names: Varanopus didactylus Moodie 1930 [synonym]
Dromopus velox Matthew 1904
Dromopus woodworthi Lull 1920
Invalid names: Eumekichnium Nopcsa 1923 [synonym]
G. †Palmichnus Schmidt 1959
+
Palmichnus lacertoides Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
Palmichnus renisus Schmidt 1959
Palmichnus tambachensis Haubold 1971
G. †Paradoxichnium Müller 1959
+
Paradoxichnium tumlinense Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
G. †Phalangichnus Schmidt 1959
+
Phalangichnus alternans Schmidt 1959
Phalangichnus gagoli Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
Phalangichnus gradzinskii Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
Phalangichnus simulans Schmidt 1959
G. †Sillimanius Hitchcock 1845
+
Sillimanius gracilior Hitchcock 1841
Sillimanius tetradactylus Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Ornithopus gallinaceus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ornithopus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
G. †Steropoides Hitchcock 1845
+
Steropoides divaricatus Hitchcock 1837
+
Invalid names: Ornithopus loripes Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Tridentipes insignis Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
Steropoides diversus Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Tridentipes elegans Hitchcock 1841 [synonym]
Steropoides infelix Hay 1902
+
Invalid names: Tridentipes elegantior Hitchcock 1841 [synonym]
Steropoides ingens Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Ornithoidichnites danae Hitchcock 1844 [synonym], Sillimanius adamsanus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Steropoides uncus Hitchcock 1858
Invalid names: Steropezoum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Tridentipes Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
Unr. †Streptosauria Cope 1869
+
G. †Crymocetus Romer 1966
Unr. Testudinata Oppel 1811 [turtle]
+
G. †Amblypus Hitchcock 1858
+
Amblypus dextratus Hitchcock 1858
G. †Ancyropus Hitchcock 1845
+
Ancyropus heteroclitus Hitchcock 1841
+
Invalid names: Sauroidichnites jacksoni Hitchcock 1841 [synonym]
Fm. †Australochelyidae Gaffney and Kitching 1994
+
G. †Waluchelys Sterli et al. 2020
+
Waluchelys cavitesta Sterli et al. 2020
G. †Australochelys Gaffney and Kitching 1994
+
Australochelys africanus Gaffney and Kitching 1994
G. †Chengyuchelys Young and Chow 1953
+
Chengyuchelys baenoides Young and Chow 1953
Chengyuchelys latimarginalis Young and Chow 1953
G. †Chinlechelys Joyce et al. 2009
G. †Emydhipus Fuentes Vidarte et al. 2003
G. †Helcura Hitchcock 1848
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Helcura anguinea Hitchcock 1858
Helcura caudata Hitchcock 1858
Helcura littoralis Hitchcock 1848
Helcura surgens Hitchcock 1858
Unr. †Helochelydridae Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Aragochersis Perez-Garcia et al. 2019
+
Aragochersis lignitesta Perez-Garcia et al. 2019
G. †Helochelydra Nopcsa 1928
+
Helochelydra anglica Lydekker 1889
Helochelydra bakewelli Mantell 1833
Helochelydra nopcsai Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1999
G. †Helochelys von Meyer 1854
+
Helochelys danubina von Meyer 1854
G. †Naomichelys Hay 1908
+
G. †Plastremys Owen 1881
+
Plastremys lata Owen 1881
Plastremys rutteri Andrews 1920
Subfm. †Solemydinae Tong et al. 2023
+
G. †Solemys Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
G. †Trachydermochelys Seeley 1869
+
G. †Tretosternon Owen 1842
Invalid names: Solemydidae Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996 [objective synonym]
G. †Kallokibotion Nopcsa 1923
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Kallokibotion bajazidi Nopcsa 1923
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Invalid names: Kallokibotion magnificum Nopcsa 1923 [synonym], Thalassodromeus sebesensis Grellet-Tinner and Codrea 2015 [synonym]
Unr. †Mesochelydia Joyce 2017
+
G. †Condorchelys Sterli 2008
+
Condorchelys antiqua Sterli 2008
G. †Eileanchelys Anquetin et al. 2009
+
Eileanchelys waldmani Anquetin et al. 2009
G. †Heckerochelys Sukhanov 2006
+
Heckerochelys romani Sukhanov 2006
G. †Indochelys Datta et al. 2000
+
Indochelys spatulata Datta et al. 2000
G. †Kayentachelys Gaffney et al. 1987
+
Kayentachelys aprix Gaffney et al. 1987
G. †Palaeochersis Rougier et al. 1995
+
Palaeochersis talampayensis Rougier et al. 1995
Unr. †Paracryptodira Gaffney 1975
+
G. †Arundelemys Lipka et al. 2006
+
Arundelemys dardeni Lipka et al. 2006
Fm. †Baenidae Cope 1882
+
Unr. †Baenodda Gaffney and Meylan 1988
G. †Edowa Adrian et al. 2023
G. †Eubaena Hay 1908
G. †Hayemys Gaffney 1972
G. †Lakotemys Joyce et al. 2020
G. †Neurankylus Lambe 1902
+
Invalid names: Charitemys Hay 1908 [synonym]
G. †Peckemys Lyson and Joyce 2009
G. †Probaena Hay 1903
G. †Protobaena Joyce and Lyson 2015
G. †Stygiochelys Gaffney and Hiatt 1971
G. †Thescelus Hay 1908
G. †Trinitichelys Gaffney 1972
Invalid names: Baena platyplastra Gilmore 1915 [nomen dubium], Baeninae Cope 1882 [empty], Hayemydinae Gaffney 1972 [empty], Thescelus hemispherica Gilmore 1935 [nomen dubium], Trinitychelyinae Gaffney 1972 [empty]
Superfm. †Baenoidea
+
Invalid names: Eubaenidae [empty], Neurankylidae [empty]
Fm. †Compsemydidae Pérez-García et al. 2015
+
G. †Berruchelus Pérez-García 2012
G. †Peltochelys Dollo 1884
G. †Tongemys Joyce et al. 2022
G. †Compsemys Leidy 1856
+
Compsemys victa Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Compsemys parva Hay 1910 [synonym], Compsemys puercensis Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Compsemys torrejonensis Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Compsemys vafer Hay 1910 [synonym]
Invalid names: Emys obscurus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Glyptops depressus Hay 1908 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Pleurosternidae Cope 1868
+
G. †Ballerstedtia Karl et al. 2012
G. †Desmemys Wegner 1911
G. †Dinochelys Gaffney 1979
G. †Dorsetochelys Evans and Kemp 1976
G. †Glyptops Marsh 1890
G. †Pleurosternon Owen 1853
+
Invalid names: Digerrhum Cope 1870 [synonym], Mesochelys Evans and Kemp 1975 [synonym]
G. †Riodevemys Pérez-García et al. 2015
G. †Selenemys Pérez-García and Ortega 2011
G. †Toremys Pérez-García et al. 2015
G. †Uluops Carpenter and Bakker 1990
Invalid names: Desmemydinae Nopcsa 1928 [empty]
Invalid names: Desmemys bertelmanni Wegner 1911 [nomen dubium], Glyptops caelatus Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Glyptops pervicax Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Polythorax Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Polythorax missuriensis Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Probaena sculpta Hay 1903 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Perichelydia Joyce 2017
+
Unr. †Meiolaniformes Sterli and de la Fuente 2013
+
G. †Chubutemys Gaffney et al. 2007
Fm. †Meiolaniidae Lydekker 1887
+
Invalid names: Miolaniidae [synonym], Miolaniidae [synonym]
G. †Otwayemys Gaffney et al. 1998
G. †Patagoniaemys Sterli and de la Fuente 2011
G. †Peligrochelys Sterli and de la Fuente 2013
G. †Trapalcochelys Sterli et al. 2013
Unr. †Sichuanchelyidae Tong et al. 2012
+
G. †Laurasichersis Pérez-García 2020
G. †Mongolochelys Khosatzky 1997
G. †Sichuanchelys Ye and Pi 1997
G. †Spoochelys Smith and Kear 2013
+
Spoochelys ormondea Smith and Kear 2013
G. †Platycheloides Haughton 1928
G. †Proganochelys Baur 1887
+
+
Invalid names: Psammochelys keuperina Quenstedt 1889 [objective synonym], Stegochelys dux Jaekel 1914 [synonym]
Proganochelys ruchae de Broin 1984
Proganochelys tenertesta Joyce et al. 2009
Invalid names: Psammochelys Quenstedt 1889 [synonym]
Fm. †Proterochersidae Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Keuperotesta Szczygielski and Sulej 2016
G. †Proterochersis Fraas 1913
+
Proterochersis limendorsa Szczygielski and Sulej 2016
Proterochersis porebensis Szczygielski and Sulej 2016
Proterochersis robusta Fraas 1913
+
Invalid names: Chelytherium obscurum Meyer 1863 [synonym], Chelytherium obscurum Meyer 1863 [synonym], Murrhardtia staeschei Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym], Murrhardtia staeschei Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym], Proterochersis intermedia Fraas 1913 [synonym], Proterochersis intermedia Fraas 1913 [synonym]
Proterochersis robusta Fraas 1913
+
Invalid names: Chelytherium obscurum Meyer 1863 [synonym], Chelytherium obscurum Meyer 1863 [synonym], Murrhardtia staeschei Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym], Murrhardtia staeschei Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym], Proterochersis intermedia Fraas 1913 [synonym], Proterochersis intermedia Fraas 1913 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chelytherium Meyer 1863 [synonym], Murrhardtia Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym]
G. †Saltosauropus Bernier et al. 1984
+
Saltosauropus latus Bernier et al. 1984
G. †Siamochelys Tong et al. 2002
+
Siamochelys peninsularis Tong et al. 2002
Or. Testudines Batsch 1788 [turtle]
+
Subor. †Amphichelydia Lydekker 1889
+
Superfm. †Pleurosternoidea Hay 1930
Superfm. †Proganochelyoidea Baur 1887
G. †Asturichelys Bergounioux 1957
G. †Chelonipus von Lilienstern 1939
+
Chelonipus cuneiformis von Lilienstern 1939
Chelonipus plieningeri Haubold 1971
Chelonipus torquatus von Lilienstern 1939
Subor. Cryptodira Cope 1868
+
Fm. †Bashuchelyidae Tong et al. 2012
Fm. Chelonemydidae Rütimeyer 1872
+
Invalid names: Propleuridae Cope 1870 [synonym]
Superfm. Chelonioidea Baur 1893 [sea turtle]
Fm. Chelydridae Swainson 1839
Unr. Chelydroidea Baur 1893
G. †Chitracephalus Dollo 1884
+
Invalid names: Salasemys Fuentes et al. 2003 [synonym]
Superfm. †Dermochelyoidea
Unr. Durocryptodira Danilov and Parham 2008
Unr. Eucryptodira Gaffney 1975
G. †Galvechelone Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
Fm. Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 [mud turtle]
Fm. †Nanhsiungchelyidae Yeh 1966
Unr. Panchelonioidea Joyce et al. 2004
Unr. †Pantestudinoidea Joyce et al. 2004
G. †Polysternum Bergounioux 1935
Unr. †Selmacryptodira Gaffney et al.
Subor. Trionychia
Fm. Trionychidae Gray 1825 [softshell turtle]
Superfm. Trionychoidea Fitzinger 1826
Invalid names: Adocusia Danilov and Parham 2006 [empty], Carettochelyoidea Romer 1956 [empty], Charitonyx tajanikolaevae Chkhikvadze 1980 [nomen dubium], Chersidae Zittel 1890 [empty], Cryptoderinea Vaillant 1894 [empty], Dermatochelydidae [empty], Glyptopidae [empty], Glyptopsidae Marsh 1890 [empty], Indochelyidae Datta et al. 2000 [empty], Kallokibotioninae Nopsca 1923 [empty], Kayentachelyidae Gaffney et al. 1987 [empty], Kinosternia Gaffney and Meylan 1988 [empty], Kinosternoidae Holroyd and Hutchison 2002 [empty], Meiolaniidae Lydekker 1887 [empty], Pantrionychia Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Platysternoidea Baur 1893 [empty], Tritosternidae Lydekker 1889 [empty]
G. †Entoplastrites Huene 1956
+
Fm. †Haichemydidae Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
G. †Haichemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Larachelus Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
+
Larachelus morla Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
G. †Odontochelys Li et al. 2008
+
Odontochelys semitestacea Li et al. 2008
Unr. Pancryptodira Joyce et al. 2004
+
Unr. †Macrobaenidae Sukhanov 1964
G. †Owadowia Szczygielski et al. 2017
Fm. †Thalassemydidae Zittel 1889
+
Invalid names: Acichelyidae Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
Unr. †Panpleurodira Danilov and Parham 2008
+
G. †Caribemys Fuente and Iturralde-Vinet 2001
Unr. †Dortokidae Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
G. Pelomedusa Wagler 1830 [African helmeted turtle]
Subor. Pleurodira Cope 1865 [sideneck turtle]
+
Fm. Chelidae Gray 1825
+
Invalid names: Chelydidae Gray 1869 [synonym], Hydraspididae Cope 1868 [synonym]
Unr. Eupleurodira Gaffney and Meylan 1988
Unr. †Panchelidae Joyce et al. 2004
Superfm. †Pelomedusoides Broin 1988
Invalid names: Amphichelydidae Hay [empty], Megapleurodira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Minipleurodira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Notoemydidae Fernandez and de la Fuente 1994 [empty], Panpelomedusoides Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Platychelira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
Subor. †Proganochelydia
+
+
Invalid names: Triassochelyidae Abel 1919 [synonym]
G. †Tacuarembemys Perea et al. 2014
+
Tacuarembemys kusterae Perea et al. 2014
G. †Triassochelys Jaekel 1918
+
Invalid names: Stegochelys Jaekel 1914 [replaced]
Invalid names: Apertotemporalis Stromer 1934 [nomen dubium], Apholidemys Pomel 1847 [nomen dubium], Casichelydia Gaffney 1975 [empty], Chelone obovata Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Chelone sopita Leidy 1865 [nomen vanum], Chelonia Latreille 1800 [synonym], Chelonii Latreille 1800 [synonym], Cryptrodiramorpha Lee 1995 [empty], Euclastochelys Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Euclastochelys interrupta Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Meiolania damelipi White et al. 2010 [nomen dubium], Platychelone Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Platychelone emarginata Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Plesiochelydiae [empty], Podocnemis lata Ristori 1895 [invalid subgroup], Senonemys suemegensis Bohn 1966 [nomen dubium], Sokotochelys Halstead 1979 [nomen dubium], Temnoclemmys cordiformis Bergounioux 1958 [nomen vanum], Trionyx fuchienensis Yeh 1974 [nomen dubium], Trionyx tshelkarensis Chkhikvadze 1973 [nomen nudum]
G. †Testudinites Weiss 1830
Fm. Testudofiexoolithidae Hirsch 1996
+
G. †Testudofiexoolithus Hirsch 1996
+
Fm. Testudoolithidae Hirsch 1996
+
G. †Testudoolithus Hirsch 1996
+
Testudoolithus rigidus Hirsch 1996
G. †Tiantaioolithus Fang et al. 2003
+
Tiantaioolithus jiangi Fang et al. 2003
Unr. †Thalassochelydia Anquetin et al. 2017
+
G. †Achelonia von Meyer 1860
+
Achelonia formosa von Meyer 1860
Fm. †Eurysternidae Dollo 1886
+
G. †Chelonides Maack 1869
G. †Hydropelta Meyer 1850
G. †Idiochelys Meyer 1839
G. †Palaeomedusa Meyer 1860
G. †Parachelys Meyer 1864
Invalid names: Plesiochelys minima Oertel 1915 [nomen dubium]
G. †Eurysternum Meyer 1839
+
Eurysternum neuquinum Fernandez and de la Fuente 1988
Eurysternum wagleri Meyer 1839
G. †Hylaeochelys Lydekker 1889
+
Hylaeochelys belli Mantell 1844
+
Invalid names: Archaeochelys valdensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Hylaeochelys sollasi Nopcsa 1928 [synonym], Platemys dixoni Owen 1853 [synonym], Platemys mantelli Owen 1841 [synonym]
Hylaeochelys kappa Pérez-García and Ortega 2014
+
Invalid names: Pleurosternon koeneni Grabbe 1884 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archaeochelys Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. †Jurassichelon Pérez-García 2015
+
Jurassichelon moseri Bräm 1965
Jurassichelon oleronensis Pérez-García 2015
G. †Neusticemys Fernandez and de la Fuente 1993
+
Neusticemys neuquina Fernandez and de la Fuente 1988
Fm. †Plesiochelyidae Rütimeyer 1873
+
G. †Craspedochelys Rütimeyer 1873
G. †Globochelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021
G. †Plesiochelys Rütimeyer 1873
+
Invalid names: Stegochelys Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. †Portlandemys Gaffney 1975
G. †Tholemys Andrews 1921
G. †Yanduchelys Peng et al. 2005
Invalid names: Emys dutertrei Sauvage 1872 [nomen dubium], Hispaniachelys Slater et al. 2011 [nomen dubium], Hispaniachelys prebetica Slater et al. 2011 [nomen dubium], Stylemys lindenensis Maack 1869 [nomen dubium]
G. †Solnhofia Gaffney 1975
+
Solnhofia brachyrhyncha Anquetin and Püntener 2020
Solnhofia parsonsi Gaffney 1975
G. †Thalassemys Rütimeyer 1859
+
Thalassemys bruntrutana Puntener et al. 2015
Thalassemys carva Nessov 1984
Thalassemys hugii Rütimeyer 1873
+
Invalid names: Eurysternum ignoratum Bräm 1965 [synonym], Thalassemys gresslyi Rütimeyer 1873 [synonym]
Invalid names: Parathalassemys Nessov and Krassevskaya 1984 [synonym]
G. †Tropidemys Rütimeyer 1873
+
Pelobatochelys blakii Seeley 1875
Tropidemys langii Rütimeyer 1873
+
Invalid names: Craspedochelys plana Rütimeyer 1873 [synonym], Tropidemys expansa Rütimeyer 1873 [synonym], Tropidemys gibba Rütimeyer 1873 [synonym]
Tropidemys seebachi Portis 1878
Invalid names: Chelonia valanginiensis Pictet and Campiche 1862 [nomen dubium], Chelonides robusta Portis 1878 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Acichelys approximata Wagner 1856 [nomen dubium], Euryaspis radians Wagner 1861 [nomen dubium], Plesiochelys oblonga Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Plesiochelys pumilio Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Thalassemys heusseri Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Tropidemys morinica Sauvage 1880 [nomen dubium]
Subor. Thecophora Dollo
+
Invalid names: Chelonioidae Hay 1930 [empty], Chelydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Emydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Pleurosternoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Thalassemydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Trionychoidae Hay 1930 [empty]
Invalid names: Aplax oberndorferi Meyer 1843 [nomen dubium], Athecae Cope 1871 [empty], Chelonipedidae Sarjeant and Langston 1994 [empty], Chelycarapookus Warren 1969 [nomen dubium], Chelycarapookus arcuatus Warren 1969 [nomen dubium], Chelys blakii Mackie 1863 [nomen dubium], Chengyuchelyidae Yeh 1990 [empty], Emys neumayri Seeley 1881 [nomen dubium], Emys paranensis Burmeister 1885 [nomen nudum], Heckerochelyidae Sukhanov 2006 [empty], Megasternon Gray 1842 [nomen nudum], Mongolochelyidae Sukhanov and Pozdnjakov [empty], Odontochelyidae Li et al. 2008 [empty], Platemys sehuensis Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium], Protochelys Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Testudo elata Gervais 1877 [nomen dubium], Testudo stricklandi Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Tretosternon punctatum Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Trionyx mammillaris Cope 1877 [nomen nudum]
Subcl. †Theromorpha Cope 1878
+
Subor. †Dromasauria Broom 1907
+
Invalid names: Galechiridae King 1988 [empty], Macroscelesauridae Haughton 1924 [empty]
Unr. Eotherapsida Ivakhnenko 2003
+
Superor. †Dinomorpha Ivakhnenko 2003
+
Invalid names: Gorgodontia Ivakhnenko 2003 [empty], Nikkasauria Ivakhnenko 2008 [empty]
Subor. †Styracocephalia Haughton 1929
+
Fm. †Styracocephalidae Haughton 1929
+
G. †Styracocephalus Haughton 1929
Invalid names: Poliosauria Williston 1917 [empty], Protodonta Osborn 1888 [empty]
Subcl. †Tocosauria Haeckel 1866
+
Invalid names: Dichthacantha Haeckel 1866 [empty]
Invalid names: Atremata Hay 1930 [empty], Chelydosauria Cope 1898 [empty], Dipnoa Fitzinger 1826 [empty], Dravidosaurus Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1979 [nomen dubium], Dravidosaurus blanfordi Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1979 [nomen dubium], Enaliosauria Parkinson 1822 [empty], Holosauria Jaekel 1911 [empty], Hyperosauria Jaekel 1910 [empty], Ichthyosaurus inexpectatus Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Lyognatha Jaekel 1910 [empty], Macelognatha Marsh 1884 [empty], Monotreta Hay 1930 [empty], Ornithocephala Bunzel 1870 [empty], Pessopteryx arctica Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Pessopteryx pinguis Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Placodontomorpha [empty], Plesiosaurus doedicomus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Proganosauromorpha Kuhn 1968 [empty], Proreptilia Haeckel 1876 [empty], Prosauria Gadow 1898 [empty], Protorosauria Jaekel 1910 [empty], Puercosaurus Williston 1916 [invalid subgroup], Puercosaurus obtusidens Williston 1916 [nomen dubium], Rhamphosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Saurichthys indicus de Koninck 1863 [nomen dubium], Saurophidia Gray [empty], Seps Laurenti 1768 [nomen oblitum], Svalbardosaurus Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium], Svalbardosaurus crassidens Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 100000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 10 gg
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Source: g = genus, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Peczkis 1995, Holman 2000, Greene 1997, Carroll 1988, Witton 2008, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Westphalian A to the top of the Holocene or 318.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 314.6 Ma

Collections (23416 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pennsylvanian323.2 - 298.9USA (Massachusetts) Dromopus woodworthi (34780)
Westphalian A318.1 - 314.6Canada (Nova Scotia) Hylonomus latidens, Hylonomus lyelli, Hylerpeton curtidentatum, Hylonomus wymani (28069) Hylonomus lyelli (86946)
Westphalian C - Westphalian D314.6 - 306.95Canada (Nova Scotia) Paleothyris acadiana (80111)
Westphalian D311.45 - 306.95USA (Ohio) Carbonodraco lundi, Sauropleura longipes (85292)
Westphalian D311.45 - 306.95USA (Illinois) Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum (79598)
Westphalian D311.45 - 306.95Czech Republic (Pilsen) Hylonomus acuminatus, Brouffia orientalis, Coelostegus prothales (84835)
Missourian305.9 - 303.4USA (Kansas) Petrolacosaurus kansensis, Podargosaurus hibbardi (80784)
Missourian305.9 - 303.4USA (Illinois) Reptilia indet. (80714)
Gzhelian303.7 - 298.9Canada (Prince Edward Island) Erpetonyx arsenaultorum (171344)
Gzhelian - Asselian303.7 - 295.5France (Burgundy) Belebey augustodunensis (164623)
Virgilian303.4 - 298.9USA (Kansas) Reptilia indet. (215555) Spinoaequalis schultzei, Concordia cunninghami (68427)
Virgilian - Wolfcamp303.4 - 268.0USA (New Mexico) Rhiodenticulatus heatoni (77412)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Aphelosaurus lutevensis (171350)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5USA (Texas) Protorothyris archeri, Romeria primus (79163)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5USA (West Virginia) Melanothyris morani (85178)
Asselian - Sakmarian298.9 - 290.1USA (Texas) Bolosaurus striatus (11165)
Cisuralian298.9 - 272.3Brazil Captorhinikos sp. (218110)
Cisuralian298.9 - 272.3Brazil (Piauí) Karutia fortunata (218113)
Rotliegendes298.9 - 254.0Poland (Lower Silesia) Dromopus lacertoides, Dimetropus leisnerianus (197201)
Permian298.9 - 252.17USA (West Virginia) Reptilia indet. (125947)