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Sauropsida
Taxonomy
Sauropsida was named by Huxley (1864) [The term "Sauropsida" occurs in a footnote. Otherwise the same group (reptiles + birds) is always referred to as "sauroids". ]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Laurin and Reisz (1995).
It was synonymized subjectively with Diapsida by Kuhn (1966).
It was assigned to Amniota by Huxley (1864), Laurin and Reisz (1995).
It was synonymized subjectively with Diapsida by Kuhn (1966).
It was assigned to Amniota by Huxley (1864), Laurin and Reisz (1995).
Subtaxa
Entered
by T. Liebrecht (authorized by J. Mueller) on 2008-11-06; modified by T. Liebrecht on 2013-10-27
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1864 | Sauropsida Huxley p. 76 |
| 1995 | Sauropsida Laurin and Reisz p. 172 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Sauropsida Huxley 1864
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Cl. Reptilia Laurenti 1768 [reptile]
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Unr. Amblyglossae Fitzinger 1843
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G. †Anhomoiichnium Dozy 1935
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G. †Dimetropus Romer and Price 1940
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†Dimetropus berea Tilton 1931
†Dimetropus latus Heyler and Montenat 1980
†Dimetropus leisnerianus Geintiz 1863
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†Ichnium acrodactylum curvata Pabst 1908
Invalid names: Ichnium acrodactylum Pabst 1908 [synonym]
Subcl. Eureptilia Olson 1947 [eureptile]
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Fm. †Captorhinidae Case 1911
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G. †Captorhinus Cope 1896
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†Captorhinus aguti Cope 1882
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Invalid names: Bayloria morei Olson 1941 [synonym], Captorhinus aduncus Cope 1896 [synonym], Captorhinus angusticeps Cope 1896 [synonym], Captorhinus isolomus Cope 1896 [synonym], Hypopnous squaliceps Cope 1896 [synonym], Paracaptorhinus neglectus Watson 1954 [synonym]
†Captorhinus kierani deBraga et al. 2019
†Captorhinus laticeps Williston 1909
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Invalid names: Labidosaurus oklahomensis Seltin 1959 [synonym]
†Captorhinus magnus Kissel et al. 2002
Invalid names: Bayloria Olson 1941 [synonym], Ectocynodon Cope 1878 [invalid subgroup], Eocaptorhinus Heaton 1979 [synonym], Hypopnous Cope 1896 [synonym], Paracaptorhinus Watson 1954 [synonym]
G. †Euconcordia Reisz et al. 2016
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†Euconcordia cunninghami Müller and Reisz 2005
Invalid names: Concordia Müller and Reisz 2005 [replaced]
G. †Helodectes Cope 1880
G. †Labidosaurikos Stovall 1950
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G. †Labidosaurus Cope 1896
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†Labidosaurus broilii Case 1911
†Labidosaurus hamatus Cope 1896
†Labidosaurus incisivus Cope 1888
Subfm. †Moradisaurinae de Ricqlès and Taquet 1982
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G. †Captorhinikos Olson 1954
G. †Gansurhinus Reisz et al. 2011
G. †Gecatogomphius Vjushkov and Chudinov 1957
G. †Hyloidichnus Gilmore 1927
G. †Kahneria Olson 1962
G. †Moradisaurus Taquet 1969
G. †Protocaptorhinus Clark and Carroll 1973
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†Protocaptorhinus pricei Clark and Carroll 1973
Invalid names: Pleuristion Case 1902 [nomen dubium], Pleuristion brachycoelous Case 1902 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Captorhininae Case 1911 [empty], Pariotichidae Cope 1883 [synonym], Riabininus Ivakhnenko 1990 [nomen dubium], Riabininus uralensis Riabinin 1915 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Romeriida Gauthier et al. 1988
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Unr. Diapsida Osborn 1903 [diapsid]
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G. †Adelosaurus Watson 1914
Unr. †Araeoscelidia Williston 1913
Unr. Archosauromorpha Huene 1946 [archosauromorph]
G. †Dolerosaurus Butler 2013
Unr. †Drepanosauromorpha Renesto et al. 2010
Unr. Eosuchia Broom 1914
G. †Horaffia Klein and Hagdorn 2014
Or. †Hupehsuchia Carroll and Dong 1991
Unr. †Ichthyosauromorpha Motani et al. 2015
G. †Lanthanolania Modesto and Reisz 2002
G. †Microzemiotes Burch et al. 2024
Subor. †Sauropterygia Owen 1859
Fm. †Saurosphargidae Li et al. 2011
G. †Stauromatodon Sobral et al. 2021
Unr. †Thalattosauriformes Nicholls 1999
Invalid names: Diaptosauria Osborn 1903 [empty], Endennasauridae [empty], Fremouwsauridae Gow 1992 [empty], Prodiapsida [empty], Rysosteus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Utahdactylus Czerkas and Mickelson 2002 [nomen dubium], Utahdactylus kateae Czerkas and Mickelson 2002 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Captorhina Olson 1947 [empty], Parapsida Williston 1917 [empty]
G. Glauconia Gray 1845
G. †Ischyrotherium Leidy 1856
Subcl. Monozygocrotapha Nopcsa 1928
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Invalid names: Dranitesauria Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Pelycosauria Cope 1878 [empty]
Unr. Neodiapsida Benton 1985
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Fm. †Claudiosauridae Carroll 1981
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Unr. Sauria Gauthier 1984 [crown diapsid]
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Unr. †Choristodera Cope 1876 [choristodere]
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G. †Coeruleodraco Matsumoto et al. 2019
Fm. †Cteniogenyidae Seiffert 1975
G. †Heishanosaurus Dong et al. 2020
G. †Hyphalosaurus Gao et al. 1999
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Invalid names: Sinohydrosaurus Li et al. 1999 [objective synonym]
G. †Irenosaurus Efimov 1988
G. †Khurendukhosaurus Sigogneau-Russell and Efimov 1984
G. †Lazarussuchus Hecht 1992
G. †Monjurosuchus Endo 1940
Subor. †Neochoristodera Evans and Hecht 1993
+
Invalid names: Champsosauriformes Hay 1930 [replaced]
G. †Novapes Lee et al. 2020
G. †Pachystropheus von Huene 1935
G. †Philydrosaurus Gao and Fox 2005
G. †Shokawa Evans and Manabe 1999
Invalid names: Allochoristodera Dong et al. 2020 [empty], Champsosauria Jaekel 1910 [synonym], Hyphalosauridae Gao and Fox 2005 [empty], Monjurosuchidae Endo 1940 [empty], Simoedosauria Dollo [synonym]
Unr. Lepidosauromorpha Benton 1983
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G. †Airistagiz Sobral and Schoch 2026
G. †Anisodontosaurus Welles 1947
G. †Blomosaurus Tatarinov 1978
G. †Coartaredens Spencer and Storrs 2002
G. †Feralisaurus Cavicchini et al. 2020
G. †Fraxinisaura Schoch and Sues 2018
G. †Hohlachia Sobral and Schoch 2026
G. †Klainjosaura Sobral and Schoch 2026
G. †Kudnu Bartholomai 1979
Superor. Lepidosauria Haeckel 1866 [lepidosaur]
Unr. Lepidosauriformes Gauthier et al. 1988
G. †Marmoretta Evans 1991
G. †Neosauroides Kim et al. 2017
G. †Paliguana Broom 1903
Fm. †Paliguanidae Broom 1926
G. †Sophineta Evans and Borsuk−Białynicka 2009
G. †Tamaulipasaurus Clark and Hernandez 1994
G. †Taytalura Martinez et al. 2021
G. †Vellbergia Sobral et al. 2020
G. †Vinitasaura Sues and Kligman 2021
Invalid names: Saurosternidae Haughton 1924 [empty]
Subor. Sauria MacCartney 1802
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Infraor. †Eolacertilia Robinson 1967
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Invalid names: Fulengidae Carroll and Galton 1977 [empty], Naocephalus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Naocephalus porrectus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium]
Subor. Iguaniformes Hay 1930
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Invalid names: Chamaeleonoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Iguanoidae Hay 1930 [empty]
Invalid names: Ascalabota Gilmore 1928 [invalid subgroup], Geckonidi Perrier 1928 [empty], Labyrinthodontidae d'Orbigny 1849 [empty], Lacertidi Perrier 1928 [empty], Mosasauriformes Hay 1930 [empty], Saurii Latreille 1800 [synonym], Vermilinguii Perrier 1928 [empty]
G. †Saurosternon Huxley 1868
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Fm. †Weigeltisauridae Kuhn 1939
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G. †Rautiania Bulanov and Sennikov 2006
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†Rautiania alexandri Bulanov and Sennikov 2006
†Rautiania minichi Bulanov and Sennikov 2006
Invalid names: Coelurosauravidae Carroll 1978 [synonym]
Unr. †Younginiformes Romer 1933
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Invalid names: Galesphyridae Currie 1981 [empty]
G. †Oolithes Buckman 1859
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†Oolithes bathonicae Buckman 1859
†Oolithes nanhsiungensis Young 1965
†Oolithes obtusatus Carruthers 1871
†Oolithes sphaericus Carruthers 1871
Subcl. †Parareptilia Lawrence 1868 [parareptile]
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Unr. †Bolosauria Kuhn 1959
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Fm. †Bolosauridae Cope 1878
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Subfm. †Belebeyinae Ivakhnenko 2001
Subfm. †Bolosaurinae Cope 1878
G. †Eudibamus Berman et al. 2000
Invalid names: Bolosaurus traati Tatarinov 1974 [nomen dubium]
Superor. †Cheloniamorpha Ivakhnenko 1997
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Or. †Pareiasaurida Ivakhnenko 1997
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Subor. †Nycteroleterina Ivakhnenko 1997
G. †Sukhonopus Gubin et al. 2003
Invalid names: Pareiasaurina Ivakhnenko 1997 [empty]
Fm. †Nyctiphruretidae Efremov 1938
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G. †Nyctiphruretus Efremov 1938
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†Nyctiphruretus acudens Efremov 1938
†Nyctiphruretus optabilis Bulanov 2002
Superfm. †Procolophonoidea Romer 1956
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G. †Procolophonichnium Nopcsa 1923
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†Procolophonichnium haarmuehlensis Holst et al. 1970
†Procolophonichnium nopcsai Nopcsa 1923
†Procolophonichnium polonicum Ptaszynski 1990
†Procolophonichnium tirolensis Ceoloni et al. 1988
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Invalid names: Chelichnus tazelwurmi Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Paradoxichnium radeinensis Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Prochirotherium permicum Leonardi 1951 [synonym]
†Procolophonichnium winterswijkense Demathieu and Oosterink 1983
Invalid names: Contiichnus Citton et al. 2017 [synonym]
Fm. †Procolophonidae Lydekker 1889
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G. †Acadiella Sues and Baird 1998
G. †Coletta Gow 2000
G. †Contritosaurus Ivakhnenko 1974
G. †Eomurruna Hamley et al. 2021
G. †Estheriophagus Novozhilov 1948
G. †Eumetabolodon Li 1983
G. †Gomphiosauridion Sues and Olsen 1993
G. †Haligonia Sues and Baird 1998
G. †Kitchingnathus Cisneros 2008
G. †Koiloskiosaurus Huene 1911
G. †Lasasaurus Falconnet et al. 2012
Subfm. †Leptopleuroninae Ivakhnenko 1979
G. †Myognathus
G. †Neoprocolophon Young 1957
G. †Oryporan Pinheiro et al. 2021
G. †Pentaedrusaurus Li 1989
Subfm. †Procolophoninae Nopcsa 1928
G. †Procolophonoides Ivakhnenko 1979
G. †Sauropareion Modesto et al. 2001
G. †Smilodonterpeton Skinner et al. 2020
G. †Spondylolestes Broom 1937
G. †Suchonosaurus Tverdochlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
G. †Teratophon Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Thelephon Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Thelerpeton Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Youngetta Hamley et al. 2020
Invalid names: Paoteodon Chow and Sun 1960 [nomen dubium], Spondylolestidae Ivakhnenko 1979 [invalid subgroup], Thelegnathus Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Thelegnathus browni Broom 1905 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Tichvinskia jugensis Vjushkov and Chudinov 1956 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Procolophonomorpha Romer 1964
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Unr. †Procolophonia Seeley 1888
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Unr. †Hallucicrania Lee 1995
G. †Ruhuhuaria Tsuji et al. 2013
G. †Xenodiphyodon Sues and Olsen 1993
Invalid names: Procolophoniformes Lee 1995 [synonym], Testudinomorpha Laurin and Reisz 1995 [empty]
Invalid names: Procolophonida [empty]
Subcl. †Poeciloglyptica Hay 1930
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Superor. †Elpidosauria Hay 1930
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Or. †Sphenacodontomorphi Hay 1930
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Invalid names: Caseiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Poliosauriformes Hay 1930 [empty], Sphenacodontiformes Hay 1930 [empty]
Invalid names: Astatoglyptica Hay 1930 [empty]
G. †Polemarchus Hitchcock 1845
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†Polemarchus polemarchius Hitchcock 1837
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Invalid names: Polemarchus gigas Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eupalamopus Hay 1902 [synonym], Palamopus Hitchcock 1848 [synonym]
Fm. †Rhynchosauroidae Haubold 1966
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G. †Dromopus Marsh 1894
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†Dromopus agilis Marsh 1894
†Dromopus lacertoides Geinitz 1861
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†Ichnium gampsodactylum gracilis Pabst 1908
Invalid names: Eumekichnium gampsodactylum Pabst 1900 [synonym]
†Dromopus velox Matthew 1904
†Dromopus woodworthi Lull 1920
Invalid names: Eumekichnium Nopcsa 1923 [synonym]
G. †Palmichnus Schmidt 1959
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†Palmichnus lacertoides Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Palmichnus renisus Schmidt 1959
†Palmichnus tambachensis Haubold 1971
G. †Paradoxichnium Müller 1959
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†Paradoxichnium problematicum Müller 1959
†Paradoxichnium tumlinense Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
G. †Phalangichnus Schmidt 1959
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†Phalangichnus alternans Schmidt 1959
†Phalangichnus gagoli Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Phalangichnus gradzinskii Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Phalangichnus simulans Schmidt 1959
G. †Sillimanius Hitchcock 1845
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†Sillimanius gracilior Hitchcock 1841
†Sillimanius tetradactylus Hitchcock 1836
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Invalid names: Ornithopus gallinaceus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ornithopus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Unr. Squamata Oppel 1811 [squamates]
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Infraor. Amphisbaenia Gray 1844 [worm lizard]
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Unr. Amphisbaeniformes Longrich et al. 2015
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Unr. Amphisbaenidae Gray 1865 [worm lizard]
Fm. Bipedidae Taylor 1951
Fm. Blanidae Kearney 2003
G. †Todrasaurus Augé and Rage 2006
Unr. Trogonophidae Bonaparte 1838
Invalid names: Cadeidae Vidal and Hedges 2007 [empty]
Fm. †Polyodontobaenidae Folie et al. 2013
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G. †Camptognathosaurus Folie et al. 2013
G. †Polyodontobaena Folie et al. 2013
Unr. Rhineuroidea Kearney 2003
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G. Aulura Barbour 1914 [Barbour's worm lizards]
Fm. Rhineuridae Vanzolini 1951
Invalid names: Amphisbaenoidea Gray 1865 [empty], Annulati [synonym]
Unr. Anguimorpha Fürbringer 1900
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Unr. Anguiformes Bonaparte 1831
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G. †Cnodontosaurus Nydam 2013
Infraor. Platynota Baur 1890
Superfm. Scincoidae Hay 1930
G. †Chometokadmon Costa 1864
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G. †Entomophontes Smith and Gauthier 2013
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†Entomophontes hutchisoni Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Entomophontes incrustatus Smith and Gauthier 2013
Unr. Monstersauria Norell and Gao 1997
+
G. †Asprosaurus Park et al. 2015
G. †Chianghsia Mo et al. 2012
G. †Estesia Norell et al. 1992
G. †Eurheloderma Hoffstetter 1957
G. †Gobiderma Borsuk-Bialynicka 1984
G. †Lowesaurus Pregill et al. 1986
G. †Morohasaurus Ikeda et al. 2022
G. †Paraderma Estes 1964
G. †Primaderma Nydam 2000
Fm. †Necrosauridae Hoffstetter 1943
+
G. †Labrodioctes Gao and Fox 1996
Subfm. †Necrosaurinae Hoffstetter 1943
G. †Necrosaurus Filhol 1876
G. †Proplatynotia Borsuk-Bialynicka 1984
G. †Provaranosaurus Gilmore 1942
Invalid names: Melanosaurinae Gilmore 1928 [empty], Parasaniwidae Estes 1964 [synonym]
Fm. †Palaeovaranidae Georgalis 2017
+
G. †Eosaniwa Haubold 1977
G. †Palaeovaranus Zittel 1887
G. †Paranecrosaurus Smith and Habersetzer 2021
G. †Restes Gauthier 1982
+
Fm. Xenosauridae Cope 1866
+
G. †Exostinus Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Harpagosaurus Gilmore 1928 [synonym], Prionosaurus Gilmore 1928 [synonym]
G. †Nordenosaurus Holman 1973
G. †Shestakovia Averianov et al. 2005
Subfm. Xenosaurinae McDowell and Bogert 1954
G. †Xenostius Alifanov 2019
Invalid names: Hodzhakuliidae Alifanov 1993 [empty], Varaniformes Conrad 2008 [empty]
G. †Anomalopsis
G. †Ardeosaurus von Meyer 1860
+
†Ardeosaurus brevipes Meyer 1909
†Ardeosaurus digitatellus Grier 1914
Fm. Dibamidae Boulenger 1884
+
G. Anelytropsis Cope 1885 [Mexican blind lizards]
+
Anelytropsis papillosus Cope 1885 [Mexican blind lizard]
G. Dibamus Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [Blind skinks]
+
Dibamus novaeguinea Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [New Guinea blind skink]
G. †Eichstaettisaurus Kuhn 1958
+
†Eichstaettisaurus gouldi Evans et al. 2004
†Eichstaettisaurus schroederi Broili 1938
Invalid names: Broilisaurus Hoffstetter 1953 [synonym]
Unr. Episquamata Pyron et al. 2013
+
Superfm. Lacertoidea Camp 1923
+
Fm. Lacertidae Bonaparte 1831
Unr. Lacertiformes Estes et al. 1988
G. †Pachygenys Gao and Cheng 1999
G. †Purbicella Evans et al. 2012
G. †Rhynchosauroides Maidwell 1911
+
Invalid names: Akropus Lilienstern 1939 [synonym], Eurichnus Lull 1942 [synonym], Ganasauripus Valentini et al. 2007 [synonym], Rhynchocephalichnus Huene 1941 [synonym]
Unr. Teiioidea Estes et al. 1988
Unr. Toxicofera Vidal and Hedges 2005
+
Infraor. Iguania Cuvier 1817
Invalid names: Mosasauria [empty]
Invalid names: Laterata Vidal and Hedges 2005 [empty]
Subor. Gekkonomorpha
+
Infraor. Gekkota Cuvier 1817
+
Fm. †Ardeosauridae Camp 1923
G. †Dollogekko Čerňanský et al. 2022
Fm. Eublepharidae Boulenger 1883
Fm. Gekkonidae Gray 1825 [gecko]
Superfm. Gekkonoidea
Fm. Gekkoolithidae Hirsch 1996
G. †Hoburogekko Alifanov 1989
Fm. Phyllodactylidae Gamble 2008
Superfm. Pygopodoidea
Invalid names: Bavarisauridae Kuhn 1961 [empty], Nyctisaura Gray [synonym], Pygopodidae Boulenger 1884 [empty], Xantusioidea Camp 1923 [empty]
Unr. †Iguanomorpha Sukhanov 1961
+
Unr. †Chamaeleontiformes Conrad 2008
+
Unr. †Acrodonta Cope 1864
G. †Ctenomastax Gao and Norell 2000
Fm. †Priscagamidae Borsuk-Bialynicka and Moody 1984
Unr. Pleurodonta Cope 1864
+
G. †Bifurcodentodon Čerňanský et al. 2022
G. †Caeruleodentatus Scarpetta 2021
Fm. Corytophanidae Fitzinger 1843 [casque-head lizard]
Fm. Crotaphytidae Frost and Etheridge 1989
Unr. †Gobiguania Conrad and Norell 2007
Fm. †Hoplocercidae Frost and Etheridge 1989
G. †Igua Borsuk-Bialynicka and Alifanov 1991
Fm. Iguanidae Oppel 1811
G. †Kopidosaurus Scarpetta 2020
Fm. †Phrynosomatidae Fitzinger 1843
Fm. Polychrotidae Macey et al. 1997
Fm. Tropiduridae Bell 1843 [ground lizard]
Infraor. Typhlophthalmi Cope 1864
Invalid names: Erichosaurus bombimaxila Ameghino 1899 [nomen dubium], Erichosaurus debilis Ameghino 1899 [nomen dubium], Erichosaurus diminutus Ameghino 1899 [nomen dubium], Thecaglossa Wagler [empty]
G. †Polrussia Borsuk-Bialynicka and Alifanov 1991
+
†Polrussia mongoliensis Borsuk-Bialynicka and Alifanov 1991
Unr. †Temujiniidae Gauthier et al. 2012
+
G. †Saichangurvel Conrad and Norell 2007
G. †Temujinia Gao and Norell 2000
Subor. Lacertilia Owen 1842 [lizard]
+
G. †Costasaurus Estes 1983
+
G. †Dicarlesia Huene 1932
+
†Dicarlesia incognita Huene 1931
Invalid names: Carlesia Huene 1931 [replaced]
G. †Sauromorus Pomel 1953
G. †Tarratosaurus Broschinksi and Sigogneau-Russell 1996
+
†Tarratosaurus anoualensis Broschinksi and Sigogneau-Russell 1996
G. Tupinambis Daudin 1802 [tegu]
+
†Tupinambis brevirostris Rovereto 1914
†Tupinambis multidentatus Rovereto 1914
†Tupinambis prerufescens Rovereto 1914
†Tupinambis preteguixin Rovereto 1914
Tupinambis rufescens Gunther 1871 [Red tegu]
Tupinambis teguixin Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Diasemosaurus Ameghino 1898 [synonym], Diasemosaurus occidentalis Ameghino 1893 [nomen dubium], Dibolosodon Ameghino 1898 [synonym], Dibolosodon typicus Ameghino 1893 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Changjiangidae Hou 1976 [empty], Cremastosaurus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Cremastosaurus rhambastes Cope 1884 [nomen dubium], Diacium Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Iguanavus Marsh 1872 [nomen dubium], Natantia Owen 1851 [empty], Ophiosauri Cope 1864 [empty], Repentia [empty], Rhiptoglossa Wiegmann 1834 [empty]
G. †Lamiasaura Longrich et al. 2013
+
†Lamiasaura ferox Longrich et al. 2013
+
Invalid names: Lamiasaurus ferox Longrich et al. 2012 [replaced]
Invalid names: Lamiasaurus Longrich et al. 2012 [replaced]
Fm. †Mosasauridae Gervais 1852 [mosasaur]
+
G. †Haasiasaurus Polcyn et al. 2003
+
†Haasiasaurus gittelmani Polcyn et al. 1999
Invalid names: Haasia Polcyn et al. 1999 [replaced]
Unr. †Halisaurinae Bardet et al. 2005
+
Unr. †Halisaurini Longrich et al. 2021
Unr. †Pluridensini Longrich et al. 2021
Subfm. †Mosasaurinae Gervais 1853
+
G. †Dallasaurus Bell and Polcyn 2005
Tr. †Globidensini Russell 1967
G. †Gnathomortis Lively 2020
G. †Igdamanosaurus Lingham-Soliar 1991
G. †Jormungandr Zietlow et al. 2023
G. †Kourisodon Nicholls and Meckert 2002
G. †Leiodon Owen 1842
G. †Megapterygius Konishi et al. 2023
G. †Moanasaurus Wiffen 1980
Tr. †Mosasaurini Russell 1967
G. †Mosasaurus Parkinson 1822
+
Invalid names: Amphekepubis Mehl 1930 [synonym], Baseodon Leidy 1865 [synonym], Batrachiosaurus Harlan 1839 [synonym], Batrachotherium Harlan 1839 [synonym], Drepanodon Leidy 1861 [synonym], Lesticodus Leidy 1861 [synonym], Macrosaurus Owen 1849 [synonym], Nectoportheus Cope 1868 [synonym], Pterycollosaurus Dollo 1882 [synonym]
G. †Plesiotylosaurus Camp 1942
Tr. †Plotosaurini Russell 1967
G. †Polygonodon Leidy 1856
Unr. †Prognathodontini Russell 1967
G. †Rikisaurus Wiffen 1990
G. †Stelladens Longrich et al. 2023
G. †Xenodens Longrich et al. 2021
Invalid names: Globindensini Bell 1997 [empty], Leiodontini Lingham-Soliar 1995 [empty]
Subfm. †Plioplatecarpinae Dollo 1884
+
G. †Angolasaurus Antunes 1964
G. †Ectenosaurus Russell 1967
G. †Oneirosaurus Páramo Fonseca et al. 2025
Unr. †Plioplatecarpini Russell 1967
G. †Sarabosaurus Polcyn et al. 2023
Unr. †Selmasaurini Longrich et al. 2024
G. †Yaguarasaurus Páramo 1994
Invalid names: Platecarpus ptychodon Arambourg 1952 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus somenensis Thevenin 1896 [nomen dubium]
G. †Prognathosaurus Dollo 1889
Unr. †Russellosaurina Bell 1997
+
G. †Angolasaurus Antunes 1964
Invalid names: Platecarpus ptychodus Arambourg 1952 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Tylosaurinae Wiliston 1895
+
G. †Hainosaurus Dollo 1885
G. †Kaikaifilu Otero et al. 2017
G. †Tylosaurus Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Rhamphosaurus Cope 1872 [replaced], Rhinosaurus Marsh 1872 [replaced]
Invalid names: Hainosaurus lonzeensis Dollo 1904 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Yaguarasaurinae Palci et al. 2013
+
G. †Romeosaurus Palci et al. 2013
G. †Russellosaurus Polcyn and Bell 2005
Invalid names: Amphorosteus Gibbes 1851 [nomen vanum], Amphorosteus brumbyi Gibbes 1851 [nomen vanum], Clidastes iguanavus Cope 1868 [nomen dubium], Clidastidae Cope 1869 [synonym], Edestosauridae Marsh 1876 [synonym], Globidensidae Dollo 1924 [synonym], Globidentinae [empty], Halisauromorpha Bell and Polcyn 2005 [empty], Liodon congrops Cope 1870 [nomen vanum], Mosasaurus crassidens Marsh 1870 [nomen dubium], Mosasaurus mitchillii DeKay 1830 [nomen vanum], Mosasaurus platyodon Sauvage 1873 [nomen dubium], Platecarpinae Williston 1897 [empty], Tylosaurus capensis Broom 1912 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Mosasauroidea
+
Fm. †Aigialosauridae Kramberger 1892
+
G. †Aigialosaurus Kramberger 1892
G. †Carentonosaurus Rage and Néraudeau 2004
G. †Carsosaurus Kornhuber 1893
G. †Eidolosaurus Nopcsa 1923
G. †Mesoleptos Cornalia and Chiozza 1852
G. †Opetiosaurus Kornhuber 1902
G. †Proaigialosaurus Kuhn 1958
Invalid names: Aigialosaurus novaki Kramberger 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. †Portunatasaurus Campbell Mekarski et al. 2019
+
†Portunatasaurus krambergeri Campbell Mekarski et al. 2019
Subfm. †Tethysaurinae Makádi et al. 2012
+
G. †Pannoniasaurus Makádi et al. 2012
G. †Tethysaurus Bardet et al. 2003
Invalid names: Globidens timorensis Huene 1935 [nomen vanum], Ophidiomorpha Palci and Caldwell 2007 [synonym]
Subor. Ophidia Latreille 1804 [snake]
+
Unr. Serpentes Linnaeus 1758 [snake]
+
Infraor. Alethinophidia Nopcsa 1923
G. †Cheilophis Gilmore 1938
Infraor. †Cholophidia Nopcsa 1923
Fm. Colubridae Oppel 1811 [colubrid snake]
G. †Diablophis Caldwell et al. 2015
G. †Dinilysia Woodward 1901
Fm. Dipsadidae Bonaparte 1838
G. †Eophis Caldwell et al. 2015
G. †Goinophis Holman 1976
G. Hoplocephalus Wagler 1830
G. †Lunaophis Albino et al. 2016
Fm. †Madtsoiidae Hoffstetter 1961
Fm. Natricidae Bonaparte 1838
G. Ophidium Linnaeus 1758
Fm. †Palaeophiidae Lydekker 1888
G. †Portugalophis Caldwell et al. 2015 [snake]
G. Pseudonaja Günther 1858
Superfm. †Pythonoidea Fitzinger 1826
Infraor. Scolecophidia Duméril and Bibron 1844
G. †Tomodon Duméril 1853
G. †Xiaophis Xing et al. 2018
Invalid names: Botrophis de Rochebrune 1880 [nomen dubium], Coluber steinheimensis Fraas 1870 [nomen dubium], Coniophis Marsh 1892 [nomen dubium], Coniophis cosgriffi Armstrong-Ziegler 1978 [nomen dubium], Coniophis dabiebus Rage and Werner 1999 [nomen dubium], Coniophis precedens Marsh 1892 [nomen dubium], Dinilysiidae Romer 1956 [empty], Hoffstetterella Rage 1998 [nomen dubium], Hoffstetterella brasiliensis Rage 1998 [nomen dubium], Ophidion Pomel 1853 [nomen dubium], Ophidioniscus Pomel 1853 [nomen dubium], Ophidium Burmeister 1885 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Solenoglypha
+
Invalid names: Atractaspididae Günther 1858 [empty], Causidae Cope 1859 [empty]
Invalid names: Angiostomata Stannius 1856 [empty], Colubriformia [empty], Coniophidae Hoffstetter 1955 [empty], Psammophidae [empty], Tortricina Müller [empty]
Unr. †Pangekkota Bauer 2020
+
Unr. †Panxenosaurus Smith and Gauthier 2013
+
Unr. †Pythonomorpha Cope 1869
+
Unr. †Dolichosauridae Gervais 1852
+
G. †Acteosaurus von Meyer 1860
G. †Adriosaurus Seeley 1881
G. †Aphanizocnemus Dal Sasso and Pinna 1997
G. †Coniasaurus Owen 1850
G. †Dolichosaurus Owen 1850
G. †Pontosaurus Kramberger 1892
G. †Primitivus Paparella et al. 2018
G. †Tetrapodophis Martill et al. 2015
Invalid names: Dolichosauri Boulenger 1893 [empty]
G. †Schillerosaurus Nydam et al. 2013
+
†Schillerosaurus utahensis Nydam et al. 2013
+
Invalid names: Schilleria utahensis Evans and Chure 1999 [replaced]
Invalid names: Schilleria Evans and Chure 1999 [replaced]
Unr. Scincogekkonomorpha Sukhanov 1961
+
Superfm. †Scincoidea Oppel 1811
+
G. †Carusia Borsuk-Bialynicka 1987
+
†Carusia intermedia Borsuk-Bialynicka 1985
Invalid names: Carolina Borsuk-Bialynicka 1985 [replaced]
Fm. Cordylidae Gray 1837 [spinytail lizard]
+
G. †Bavaricordylus Kosma 2004
Subfm. Cordylinae Mertens 1937
G. †Eocordyla Augé 2005
G. †Konkasaurus Krause et al. 2003
G. †Palaeocordylus Roček 1984
Subfm. Platysaurinae Stanley et al. 2011
G. †Pseudolacerta De Stefano 1903
Invalid names: Zonuridae Gray 1838 [synonym]
G. †Dakotaseps Nydam 2014
+
†Dakotaseps gillettorum Nydam 2013
Invalid names: Dakotasaurus Nydam 2013 [replaced]
Fm. Gerrhosauridae Boulenger 1885 [plated lizard]
+
G. Gerrhosaurus Wiegmann 1828
G. Zonosaurus Boulenger 1887 [zonosaur]
Fm. †Paramacellodidae Estes 1983
+
G. †Atokasaurus Nydam and Cifelli 2002
G. †Becklesius Estes 1983
G. †Hypostylos Wick and Shiller, II 2020
G. †Ilekia Averianov et al. 2005
G. †Mimobecklesisaurus Li 1985
G. †Naimanosaurus Alifanov 2019
G. †Neokotus Souza Bittencourt et al. 2020
G. †Paramacellodus Hoffstetter 1967
G. †Saurillodon Estes 1983
G. †Saurillus Owen 1855
G. †Sciroseps Suarez et al. 2021
G. †Sharovisaurus Hecht and Hecht 1984
Fm. Scincidae Gray 1825 [skink]
+
G. Acontias Cuvier 1817 [Lance skinks]
G. †Aethesia Hutchinson and Scanlon 2009
G. †Aocnodromeus Gao and Fox 1996
G. †Axonoscincus Augé 2003
G. †Ayalasaurus Augé 2005
G. †Berruva Augé 2005
G. Corucia Gray 1855 [Solomon Island skinks]
G. Eugongylus Fitzinger 1843
G. †Gekkomimus Bolet et al. 2015
G. Lygosoma Hardwicke and Gray 1828 [writhing skink]
Subfm. Lygosominae Mittleman 1952
G. Oligosoma Girard
G. Ophiomorus Duméril and Bibron 1839
G. †Orthoscincus Augé 2005
G. †Orthrioscincus Gao and Fox 1996
G. Parotosaurus Boulenger 1914
G. †Penemabuya Gao and Fox 1996
G. Plestiodon Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [skink]
G. †Sauriscus Estes 1964
Subfm. Scincinae Gray 1825
G. Sphenomorphus Fitzinger 1842 [common skink]
G. Tiliqua Gray 1825
G. Trachylepis Fitzinger 1843
G. Verticaria Cope
Invalid names: Egerniinae Welch 1982 [empty], Feylininae Camp 1923 [empty]
G. †Scincoideus Folie et al. 2005
+
†Scincoideus grassator Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Scincoideus haininensis Folie et al. 2005
Fm. Xantusiidae Baird 1858 [night lizard]
+
G. †Catactegenys Nydam et al. 2013
G. Cricosaura Gundlach and Peters 1863 [Cuban night lizards]
G. Klauberina Cope 1883 [Island night lizards]
G. Lepidophyma Duméril 1851 [tropical night lizard]
+
Invalid names: Gaigeia Smith 1939 [synonym], Impensodens Langebartel 1953 [synonym]
G. †Palaeoxantusia Hecht 1956
G. †Palepidophyma Smith and Gauthier 2013
G. †Paracontogenys Schatzinger 1975
G. Xantusia Baird 1859 [night lizard]
Unr. Scincomorpha Camp 1923
+
G. †Becklesisaurus Hoffstetter 1967
G. †Bothriagenys Nydam 2002
+
†Bothriagenys flectomendax Wick and Shiller, II 2020
†Bothriagenys mysterion Nydam 2002
Fm. †Carusiidae Borsuk-Bialynicka 1987
+
G. †Shinisauroides Borsuk-Bialynicka 1985
Invalid names: Carolinidae Borsuk-Bialynicka 1985 [replaced]
Fm. †Contogeniidae Nydam and Fitzpatrick 2009
+
G. †Palaeoscincosaurus Sullivan and Lucas 1996
G. †Utahgenys Nydam and Fitzpatrick 2009
Unr. †Polyglyphanodontia Alifanov 2000
+
Unr. †Borioteiioidea Nydam et al. 2007
G. †Obamadon Longrich et al. 2012
Invalid names: Leptoglossa [synonym]
Unr. †Scleroglossa Estes et al. 1988
+
Fm. †Trachelosauridae Broili 1917
+
G. †Vialorophis
G. †Yabeinosaurus Endo and Shikama 1942
+
†Yabeinosaurus bicuspidens Dong et al. 2017
†Yabeinosaurus robustus Dong et al. 2017
Invalid names: Yabeinosaurus tenuis Endo and Shikama 1942 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Ameivoidea Fitzinger 1826 [empty], Araeoscelomorphi Hay 1930 [empty], Draconoidea Fitzinger 1826 [empty], Haplodontosaurus Gilmore 1942 [nomen dubium], Harpagosaurus excedens Gilmore 1928 [nomen dubium], Iguana haueri Meyer 1842 [nomen dubium], Lacertibaenia Vidal and Hedges [empty], Paikasisaurus Yadagiri 1986 [nomen dubium], Palaeophidae [empty], Panscincoidea Brownstein et al. 2022 [empty], Panxantusiidae Gauthier et al. 2012 [empty], Thalattosauromorphi Hay 1930 [empty], Xestops gracilis Marsh 1872 [nomen dubium], Yabeinosaurus youngi Hoffstetter 1964 [nomen dubium], Zanclodontidae Marsh 1882 [empty]
G. †Steropoides Hitchcock 1845
+
†Steropoides divaricatus Hitchcock 1837
+
Invalid names: Ornithopus loripes Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Tridentipes insignis Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Steropoides ingens Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Ornithoidichnites danae Hitchcock 1844 [synonym], Sillimanius adamsanus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
†Steropoides uncus Hitchcock 1858
Invalid names: Steropezoum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Tridentipes Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
Subcl. †Theromorpha Cope 1878
+
Subor. †Dromasauria Broom 1907
+
Invalid names: Galechiridae King 1988 [empty], Macroscelesauridae Haughton 1924 [empty]
Unr. Eotherapsida Ivakhnenko 2003
+
Superor. †Dinomorpha Ivakhnenko 2003
+
Invalid names: Gorgodontia Ivakhnenko 2003 [empty], Nikkasauria Ivakhnenko 2008 [empty]
Subor. †Styracocephalia Haughton 1929
+
Invalid names: Poliosauria Williston 1917 [empty], Protodonta Osborn 1888 [empty]
Invalid names: Atremata Hay 1930 [empty], Chelydosauria Cope 1898 [empty], Dipnoa Fitzinger 1826 [empty], Dravidosaurus blanfordi Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1979 [nomen dubium], Enaliosauria Parkinson 1822 [empty], Holosauria Jaekel 1911 [empty], Hyperosauria Jaekel 1910 [empty], Ichthyosaurus inexpectatus Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Lyognatha Jaekel 1910 [empty], Macelognatha Marsh 1884 [empty], Monotreta Hay 1930 [empty], Ornithocephala Bunzel 1870 [empty], Pessopteryx arctica Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Pessopteryx pinguis Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Placodontomorpha [empty], Plesiosaurus doedicomus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Proganosauromorpha Kuhn 1968 [empty], Proreptilia Haeckel 1876 [empty], Prosauria Gadow 1898 [empty], Protorosauria Jaekel 1910 [empty], Puercosaurus Williston 1916 [invalid subgroup], Puercosaurus obtusidens Williston 1916 [nomen dubium], Rhamphosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Saurichthys indicus de Koninck 1863 [nomen dubium], Saurophidia Gray [empty], Seps Laurenti 1768 [nomen oblitum], Svalbardosaurus Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium], Svalbardosaurus crassidens Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, c = class, subp = subphylum, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Holman 2000, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Peczkis 1995, Witton 2008, Greene 1997, Kiessling 2004, Bambach et al. 2007, Tchernov et al. 2000 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Frasnian to the top of the Greenlandian or 382.31000 to 0.00820 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 379.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 379.0 Ma
Collections (24906 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Iran (Esfahan) | Dipnoa indet. (90626) | |
| Pennsylvanian | USA (Massachusetts) | Dromopus woodworthi (34780) | |
| Westphalian A | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Hylonomus latidens, Hylonomus lyelli, Hylerpeton curtidentatum, Hylonomus wymani (28069) Hylonomus lyelli (86946) | |
| Westphalian C - Westphalian D | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Paleothyris acadiana (80111) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Ohio) | Sauropleura longipes, Carbonodraco lundi (85292) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Illinois) | Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum (79598) | |
| Westphalian D | Czechia (Pilsen) | Brouffia orientalis, Coelostegus prothales, Hylonomus acuminatus (84835) | |
| Kasimovian - Kungurian | USA (Utah) | Halgaitosaurus gregarius (218159) | |
| Missourian | USA (Illinois) | Reptilia indet. (80714) | |
| Missourian | USA (Kansas) | Petrolacosaurus kansensis, Podargosaurus hibbardi (80784) | |
| Gzhelian | Canada (Prince Edward Island) | Erpetonyx arsenaultorum (171344) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Kansas) | Reptilia indet. (215555) Spinoaequalis schultzei, Concordia cunninghami (68427) | |
| Gzhelian - Asselian | France (Burgundy) | Belebey augustodunensis (164623) | |
| Virgilian - Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | Rhiodenticulatus heatoni (77412) | |
| Asselian | USA (West Virginia) | Melanothyris morani (85178) | |
| Asselian | USA (Texas) | Protorothyris archeri, Romeria primus (79163) | |
| Asselian | Germany (Thuringia) | Dimetropus sp., Ichnium acrodactylum, Ichnium acrodactylum, Ichnium acrodactylum, Ichnium acrodactylum, Thuringothyris mahlendorffae, Eudibamus cursoris (80112) | |
| Asselian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Aphelosaurus lutevensis (171350) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Texas) | Bolosaurus striatus (11165) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (Colorado) | Captorhinidae indet. (85479) | |