| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Sauropsida
Taxonomy
Sauropsida was named by Huxley (1864) [The term "Sauropsida" occurs in a footnote. Otherwise the same group (reptiles + birds) is always referred to as "sauroids". ]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Laurin and Reisz (1995).
It was synonymized subjectively with Diapsida by Kuhn (1966).
It was assigned to Amniota by Huxley (1864) and Laurin and Reisz (1995).
It was synonymized subjectively with Diapsida by Kuhn (1966).
It was assigned to Amniota by Huxley (1864) and Laurin and Reisz (1995).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1864 | Sauropsida Huxley p. 76 |
| 1995 | Sauropsida Laurin and Reisz p. 172 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Sauropsida Huxley 1864
show all | hide all
Fm. †Mesosauridae Baur 1889
+
G. †Mesosaurus Gervais 1865
+
†Mesosaurus tenuidens Gervais 1865
+
Invalid names: Ditrochosaurus capensis Gürich 1889 [synonym], Mesosaurus brasiliensis Mac Gregor 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ditrochosaurus Gürich 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mesosaurus pleurogaster Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Noteosaurus Broom 1913 [invalid subgroup], Noteosaurus africanus Broom 1913 [nomen dubium]
Cl. Reptilia Laurenti 1768 [reptile]
+
Unr. Amblyglossae Fitzinger 1843
+
G. †Anhomoiichnium Dozy 1935
+
G. †Dimetropus Romer and Price 1940
+
†Dimetropus berea Tilton 1931
†Dimetropus latus Heyler and Montenat 1980
†Dimetropus leisnerianus Geintiz 1863
+
†Ichnium acrodactylum curvata Pabst 1908
Invalid names: Ichnium acrodactylum Pabst 1908 [synonym]
Subcl. Eureptilia Olson 1947 [eureptile]
+
Fm. †Captorhinidae Case 1911
+
G. †Captorhinus Cope 1896
+
†Captorhinus aguti Cope 1882
+
Invalid names: Bayloria morei Olson 1941 [synonym], Captorhinus aduncus Cope 1896 [synonym], Captorhinus angusticeps Cope 1896 [synonym], Captorhinus isolomus Cope 1896 [synonym], Hypopnous squaliceps Cope 1896 [synonym], Paracaptorhinus neglectus Watson 1954 [synonym]
†Captorhinus kierani deBraga et al. 2019
†Captorhinus laticeps Williston 1909
+
Invalid names: Labidosaurus oklahomensis Seltin 1959 [synonym]
†Captorhinus magnus Kissel et al. 2002
Invalid names: Bayloria Olson 1941 [synonym], Ectocynodon Cope 1878 [invalid subgroup], Eocaptorhinus Heaton 1979 [synonym], Hypopnous Cope 1896 [synonym], Paracaptorhinus Watson 1954 [synonym]
G. †Euconcordia Reisz et al. 2016
+
†Euconcordia cunninghami Müller and Reisz 2005
Invalid names: Concordia Müller and Reisz 2005 [replaced]
G. †Helodectes Cope 1880
G. †Labidosaurikos Stovall 1950
+
G. †Labidosaurus Cope 1896
+
†Labidosaurus broilii Case 1911
†Labidosaurus hamatus Cope 1896
†Labidosaurus incisivus Cope 1888
Subfm. †Moradisaurinae de Ricqlès and Taquet 1982
+
G. †Captorhinikos Olson 1954
G. †Gansurhinus Reisz et al. 2011
G. †Gecatogomphius Vjushkov and Chudinov 1957
G. †Hyloidichnus Gilmore 1927
G. †Kahneria Olson 1962
G. †Moradisaurus Taquet 1969
G. †Protocaptorhinus Clark and Carroll 1973
+
†Protocaptorhinus pricei Clark and Carroll 1973
Invalid names: Pleuristion Case 1902 [nomen dubium], Pleuristion brachycoelous Case 1902 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Captorhininae Case 1911 [empty], Pariotichidae Cope 1883 [synonym], Riabininus Ivakhnenko 1990 [nomen dubium], Riabininus uralensis Riabinin 1915 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Romeriida Gauthier et al. 1988
+
Unr. Diapsida Osborn 1903 [diapsid]
+
G. †Adelosaurus Watson 1914
Unr. †Araeoscelidia Williston 1913
Unr. Archosauromorpha Huene 1946 [archosauromorph]
G. †Dolerosaurus Butler 2013
Unr. †Drepanosauromorpha Renesto et al. 2010
Unr. Eosuchia Broom 1914
G. †Faxinalipterus Bonaparte et al. 2010
G. †Horaffia Klein and Hagdorn 2014
Or. †Hupehsuchia Carroll and Dong 1991
Unr. †Ichthyosauromorpha Motani et al. 2015
G. †Lanthanolania Modesto and Reisz 2002
Subor. †Sauropterygia Owen 1859
Fm. †Saurosphargidae Li et al. 2011
G. †Stauromatodon Sobral et al. 2021
Unr. †Thalattosauriformes Nicholls 1999
Invalid names: Diaptosauria Osborn 1903 [empty], Endennasauridae [empty], Fremouwsauridae Gow 1992 [empty], Prodiapsida [empty], Rysosteus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Utahdactylus Czerkas and Mickelson 2002 [nomen dubium], Utahdactylus kateae Czerkas and Mickelson 2002 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Captorhina Olson 1947 [empty], Parapsida Williston 1917 [empty]
G. Glauconia Gray 1845
G. †Ischyrotherium Leidy 1856
G. †Kintneria Ryan and Willard 1947
Subcl. Monozygocrotapha Nopcsa 1928
+
Invalid names: Dranitesauria Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Pelycosauria Cope 1878 [empty]
G. †Oolithes Buckman 1859
+
†Oolithes bathonicae Buckman 1859
†Oolithes nanhsiungensis Young 1965
†Oolithes obtusatus Carruthers 1871
†Oolithes sphaericus Carruthers 1871
Unr. Pantestudines Joyce et al. 2004
+
Subcl. †Parareptilia Lawrence 1868 [parareptile]
+
Unr. †Bolosauria Kuhn 1959
+
Fm. †Bolosauridae Cope 1878
+
Subfm. †Belebeyinae Ivakhnenko 2001
Subfm. †Bolosaurinae Cope 1878
G. †Eudibamus Berman et al. 2000
Invalid names: Bolosaurus traati Tatarinov 1974 [nomen dubium]
Superor. †Cheloniamorpha Ivakhnenko 1997
+
Or. †Pareiasaurida Ivakhnenko 1997
+
Subor. †Nycteroleterina Ivakhnenko 1997
G. †Sukhonopus Gubin et al. 2003
Invalid names: Pareiasaurina Ivakhnenko 1997 [empty]
Fm. †Millerettidae Romer 1956
+
G. †Milleretta Broom 1948
+
†Milleretta rubidgei Broom 1938
+
Invalid names: Millerettoides platyceps Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerettops kitchingi Broom 1948 [synonym]
Invalid names: Millerettoides Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerettops Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerina Broom 1938 [replaced]
G. †Millerosaurus Broom 1948
+
†Millerosaurus nuffieldi Watson 1957
†Millerosaurus ornatus Broom 1948
Invalid names: Nanomilleretta Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium], Nanomilleretta kitchingi Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Nyctiphruretidae Efremov 1938
+
G. †Nyctiphruretus Efremov 1938
+
†Nyctiphruretus acudens Efremov 1938
†Nyctiphruretus optabilis Bulanov 2002
Superfm. †Procolophonoidea Romer 1956
+
G. †Procolophonichnium Nopcsa 1923
+
†Procolophonichnium nopcsai Nopcsa 1923
†Procolophonichnium polonicum Ptaszynski 1990
†Procolophonichnium tirolensis Ceoloni et al. 1988
+
Invalid names: Chelichnus tazelwurmi Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Paradoxichnium radeinensis Ceoloni et al. 1988 [synonym], Prochirotherium permicum Leonardi 1951 [synonym]
†Procolophonichnium winterswijkense Demathieu and Oosterink 1983
Invalid names: Contiichnus Citton et al. 2017 [synonym]
Fm. †Procolophonidae Lydekker 1889
+
G. †Acadiella Sues and Baird 1998
G. †Coletta Gow 2000
G. †Contritosaurus Ivakhnenko 1974
G. †Eomurruna Hamley et al. 2021
G. †Estheriophagus Novozhilov 1948
G. †Eumetabolodon Li 1983
G. †Gomphiosauridion Sues and Olsen 1993
G. †Haligonia Sues and Baird 1998
G. †Kitchingnathus Cisneros 2008
G. †Koiloskiosaurus Huene 1911
G. †Lasasaurus Falconnet et al. 2012
Subfm. †Leptopleuroninae Ivakhnenko 1979
G. †Myognathus
G. †Neoprocolophon Young 1957
G. †Oryporan Pinheiro et al. 2021
G. †Pentaedrusaurus Li 1989
Subfm. †Procolophoninae Nopcsa 1928
G. †Procolophonoides Ivakhnenko 1979
G. †Sauropareion Modesto et al. 2001
G. †Smilodonterpeton Skinner et al. 2020
G. †Spondylolestes Broom 1937
G. †Suchonosaurus Tverdochlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
G. †Teratophon Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Thelephon Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Thelerpeton Modesto and Damiani 2003
G. †Youngetta Hamley et al. 2020
Invalid names: Paoteodon Chow and Sun 1960 [nomen dubium], Spondylolestidae Ivakhnenko 1979 [invalid subgroup], Thelegnathus Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Thelegnathus browni Broom 1905 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Tichvinskia jugensis Vjushkov and Chudinov 1956 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Procolophonomorpha Romer 1964
+
Unr. †Procolophonia Seeley 1888
+
Unr. †Hallucicrania Lee 1995
G. †Procolophonipus von Lilienstern 1939
G. †Ruhuhuaria Tsuji et al. 2013
G. †Xenodiphyodon Sues and Olsen 1993
Invalid names: Procolophoniformes Lee 1995 [synonym], Testudinomorpha Laurin and Reisz 1995 [empty]
Invalid names: Procolophonida [empty]
Subcl. †Poeciloglyptica Hay 1930
+
Superor. †Elpidosauria Hay 1930
+
Or. †Sphenacodontomorphi Hay 1930
+
Invalid names: Caseiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Poliosauriformes Hay 1930 [empty], Sphenacodontiformes Hay 1930 [empty]
Invalid names: Astatoglyptica Hay 1930 [empty]
G. †Polemarchus Hitchcock 1845
+
†Polemarchus polemarchius Hitchcock 1837
+
Invalid names: Polemarchus gigas Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eupalamopus Hay 1902 [synonym], Palamopus Hitchcock 1848 [synonym]
Fm. †Rhynchosauroidae Haubold 1966
+
G. †Dromopus Marsh 1894
+
†Dromopus agilis Marsh 1894
†Dromopus lacertoides Geinitz 1861
+
†Ichnium gampsodactylum gracilis Pabst 1908
Invalid names: Eumekichnium gampsodactylum Pabst 1900 [synonym]
†Dromopus velox Matthew 1904
†Dromopus woodworthi Lull 1920
Invalid names: Eumekichnium Nopcsa 1923 [synonym]
G. †Palmichnus Schmidt 1959
+
†Palmichnus lacertoides Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Palmichnus renisus Schmidt 1959
†Palmichnus tambachensis Haubold 1971
G. †Paradoxichnium Müller 1959
+
†Paradoxichnium problematicum Müller 1959
†Paradoxichnium tumlinense Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
G. †Phalangichnus Schmidt 1959
+
†Phalangichnus alternans Schmidt 1959
†Phalangichnus gagoli Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Phalangichnus gradzinskii Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Phalangichnus simulans Schmidt 1959
G. †Sillimanius Hitchcock 1845
+
†Sillimanius gracilior Hitchcock 1841
†Sillimanius tetradactylus Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Ornithopus gallinaceus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ornithopus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
G. †Steropoides Hitchcock 1845
+
†Steropoides divaricatus Hitchcock 1837
+
Invalid names: Ornithopus loripes Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Tridentipes insignis Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Steropoides ingens Hitchcock 1836
+
Invalid names: Ornithoidichnites danae Hitchcock 1844 [synonym], Sillimanius adamsanus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
†Steropoides uncus Hitchcock 1858
Invalid names: Steropezoum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Tridentipes Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
Unr. Testudinata Oppel 1811 [turtle]
+
G. †Ancyropus Hitchcock 1845
+
†Ancyropus heteroclitus Hitchcock 1841
+
Invalid names: Sauroidichnites jacksoni Hitchcock 1841 [synonym]
Fm. †Australochelyidae Gaffney and Kitching 1994
+
G. †Chengyuchelys Young and Chow 1953
+
†Chengyuchelys baenoides Young and Chow 1953
†Chengyuchelys latimarginalis Young and Chow 1953
†Chengyuchelys zigongensis Yeh 1982
G. †Chinlechelys Joyce et al. 2009
G. †Emydhipus Fuentes Vidarte et al. 2003
G. †Helcura Hitchcock 1848
+
†Helcura anguinea Hitchcock 1858
†Helcura caudata Hitchcock 1858
†Helcura littoralis Hitchcock 1848
†Helcura surgens Hitchcock 1858
Unr. †Helochelydridae Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Helochelydra Nopcsa 1928
+
†Helochelydra anglica Lydekker 1889
†Helochelydra bakewelli Mantell 1833
†Helochelydra nopcsai Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1999
G. †Tretosternon Owen 1842
Invalid names: Solemydidae Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996 [objective synonym]
G. †Kallokibotion Nopcsa 1923
+
†Kallokibotion bajazidi Nopcsa 1923
+
Invalid names: Kallokibotion magnificum Nopcsa 1923 [synonym], Thalassodromeus sebesensis Grellet-Tinner and Codrea 2015 [synonym]
Unr. †Mesochelydia Joyce 2017
+
Unr. †Paracryptodira Gaffney 1975
+
Fm. †Baenidae Cope 1882
+
Unr. †Baenodda Gaffney and Meylan 1988
G. †Edowa Adrian et al. 2023
G. †Eubaena Hay 1908
G. †Hayemys Gaffney 1972
G. †Lakotemys Joyce et al. 2020
G. †Peckemys Lyson and Joyce 2009
G. †Probaena Hay 1903
G. †Protobaena Joyce and Lyson 2015
G. †Stygiochelys Gaffney and Hiatt 1971
G. †Thescelus Hay 1908
G. †Trinitichelys Gaffney 1972
Invalid names: Baena platyplastra Gilmore 1915 [nomen dubium], Baeninae Cope 1882 [empty], Hayemydinae Gaffney 1972 [empty], Thescelus hemispherica Gilmore 1935 [nomen dubium], Trinitychelyinae Gaffney 1972 [empty]
Fm. †Compsemydidae Pérez-García et al. 2015
+
G. †Berruchelus Pérez-García 2012
G. †Peltochelys Dollo 1884
G. †Tongemys Joyce et al. 2022
G. †Compsemys Leidy 1856
+
†Compsemys victa Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Compsemys parva Hay 1910 [synonym], Compsemys puercensis Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Compsemys torrejonensis Gilmore 1919 [synonym], Compsemys vafer Hay 1910 [synonym]
Invalid names: Emys obscurus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Glyptops depressus Hay 1908 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Pleurosternidae Cope 1868
+
G. †Ballerstedtia Karl et al. 2012
G. †Desmemys Wegner 1911
G. †Dinochelys Gaffney 1979
G. †Dorsetochelys Evans and Kemp 1976
G. †Glyptops Marsh 1890
G. †Pleurosternon Owen 1853
+
Invalid names: Digerrhum Cope 1870 [synonym], Mesochelys Evans and Kemp 1975 [synonym]
G. †Riodevemys Pérez-García et al. 2015
G. †Selenemys Pérez-García and Ortega 2011
G. †Toremys Pérez-García et al. 2015
G. †Uluops Carpenter and Bakker 1990
Invalid names: Desmemydinae Nopcsa 1928 [empty]
Invalid names: Desmemys bertelmanni Wegner 1911 [nomen dubium], Glyptops caelatus Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Glyptops pervicax Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Polythorax Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Polythorax missuriensis Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Probaena sculpta Hay 1903 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Perichelydia Joyce 2017
+
Unr. †Meiolaniformes Sterli and de la Fuente 2013
+
G. †Chubutemys Gaffney et al. 2007
G. †Otwayemys Gaffney et al. 1998
G. †Patagoniaemys Sterli and de la Fuente 2011
G. †Peligrochelys Sterli and de la Fuente 2013
G. †Trapalcochelys Sterli et al. 2013
Unr. †Sichuanchelyidae Tong et al. 2012
+
G. †Laurasichersis Pérez-García 2020
G. †Mongolochelys Khosatzky 1997
G. †Sichuanchelys Ye and Pi 1997
G. †Platycheloides Haughton 1928
G. †Proganochelys Baur 1887
+
†Proganochelys quenstedtii Baur 1887
+
Invalid names: Psammochelys keuperina Quenstedt 1889 [objective synonym], Stegochelys dux Jaekel 1914 [synonym]
†Proganochelys ruchae de Broin 1984
†Proganochelys tenertesta Joyce et al. 2009
Invalid names: Psammochelys Quenstedt 1889 [synonym]
Fm. †Proterochersidae Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Keuperotesta Szczygielski and Sulej 2016
G. †Proterochersis Fraas 1913
+
†Proterochersis limendorsa Szczygielski and Sulej 2016
†Proterochersis porebensis Szczygielski and Sulej 2016
†Proterochersis robusta Fraas 1913
+
Invalid names: Chelytherium obscurum Meyer 1863 [synonym], Chelytherium obscurum Meyer 1863 [synonym], Murrhardtia staeschei Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym], Murrhardtia staeschei Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym], Proterochersis intermedia Fraas 1913 [synonym], Proterochersis intermedia Fraas 1913 [synonym]
†Proterochersis robusta Fraas 1913
+
Invalid names: Chelytherium obscurum Meyer 1863 [synonym], Chelytherium obscurum Meyer 1863 [synonym], Murrhardtia staeschei Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym], Murrhardtia staeschei Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym], Proterochersis intermedia Fraas 1913 [synonym], Proterochersis intermedia Fraas 1913 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chelytherium Meyer 1863 [synonym], Murrhardtia Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym]
Or. Testudines Batsch 1788 [turtle]
+
Subor. †Amphichelydia Lydekker 1889
+
Superfm. †Pleurosternoidea Hay 1930
Superfm. †Proganochelyoidea Baur 1887
G. †Asturichelys Bergounioux 1957
G. †Chelonipus von Lilienstern 1939
+
†Chelonipus cuneiformis von Lilienstern 1939
†Chelonipus plieningeri Haubold 1971
†Chelonipus torquatus von Lilienstern 1939
Subor. Cryptodira Cope 1868
+
Fm. †Bashuchelyidae Tong et al. 2012
Superfm. Chelonioidea Baur 1893 [sea turtle]
Fm. Chelydridae Swainson 1839
Unr. Chelydroidea Baur 1893
Superfm. †Dermochelyoidea
Unr. Durocryptodira Danilov and Parham 2008
Unr. Eucryptodira Gaffney 1975
G. †Galvechelone Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
Fm. Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 [mud turtle]
Fm. †Nanhsiungchelyidae Yeh 1966
Unr. Panchelonioidea Joyce et al. 2004
Unr. †Pantestudinoidea Joyce et al. 2004
G. †Polysternum Bergounioux 1935
Unr. †Selmacryptodira Gaffney et al.
Subor. Trionychia
Fm. Trionychidae Gray 1825 [softshell turtle]
Superfm. Trionychoidea Fitzinger 1826
Invalid names: Adocusia Danilov and Parham 2006 [empty], Carettochelyoidea Romer 1956 [empty], Charitonyx tajanikolaevae Chkhikvadze 1980 [nomen dubium], Chersidae Zittel 1890 [empty], Cryptoderinea Vaillant 1894 [empty], Dermatochelydidae [empty], Glyptopidae [empty], Glyptopsidae Marsh 1890 [empty], Indochelyidae Datta et al. 2000 [empty], Kallokibotioninae Nopsca 1923 [empty], Kayentachelyidae Gaffney et al. 1987 [empty], Kinosternia Gaffney and Meylan 1988 [empty], Kinosternoidae Holroyd and Hutchison 2002 [empty], Meiolaniidae Lydekker 1887 [empty], Pantrionychia Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Platysternoidea Baur 1893 [empty], Tritosternidae Lydekker 1889 [empty]
Unr. Pancryptodira Joyce et al. 2004
+
Unr. †Macrobaenidae Sukhanov 1964
G. †Owadowia Szczygielski et al. 2017
Unr. †Panpleurodira Danilov and Parham 2008
+
G. †Caribemys Fuente and Iturralde-Vinet 2001
Unr. †Dortokidae Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
G. Pelomedusa Wagler 1830 [African helmeted turtle]
Unr. †Platychelyidae
Subor. Pleurodira Cope 1865 [sideneck turtle]
+
Fm. Chelidae Gray 1825
+
Invalid names: Chelydidae Gray 1869 [synonym], Hydraspididae Cope 1868 [synonym]
Unr. Eupleurodira Gaffney and Meylan 1988
Unr. †Panchelidae Joyce et al. 2004
Superfm. †Pelomedusoides Broin 1988
Invalid names: Amphichelydidae Hay [empty], Megapleurodira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Minipleurodira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Notoemydidae Fernandez and de la Fuente 1994 [empty], Panpelomedusoides Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Platychelira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
Subor. †Proganochelydia
+
Invalid names: Apertotemporalis Stromer 1934 [nomen dubium], Apholidemys Pomel 1847 [nomen dubium], Casichelydia Gaffney 1975 [empty], Chelone obovata Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Chelone sopita Leidy 1865 [nomen vanum], Chelonia Latreille 1800 [synonym], Chelonii Latreille 1800 [synonym], Cryptrodiramorpha Lee 1995 [empty], Euclastochelys Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Euclastochelys interrupta Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Meiolania damelipi White et al. 2010 [nomen dubium], Platychelone Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Platychelone emarginata Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Plesiochelydiae [empty], Podocnemis lata Ristori 1895 [invalid subgroup], Senonemys suemegensis Bohn 1966 [nomen dubium], Sokotochelys Halstead 1979 [nomen dubium], Temnoclemmys cordiformis Bergounioux 1958 [nomen vanum], Trionyx fuchienensis Yeh 1974 [nomen dubium], Trionyx tshelkarensis Chkhikvadze 1973 [nomen nudum]
G. †Testudinites Weiss 1830
Fm. Testudofiexoolithidae Hirsch 1996
+
Fm. Testudoolithidae Hirsch 1996
+
Unr. †Thalassochelydia Anquetin et al. 2017
+
Fm. †Eurysternidae Dollo 1886
+
G. †Chelonides Maack 1869
G. †Hydropelta Meyer 1850
G. †Idiochelys Meyer 1839
G. †Palaeomedusa Meyer 1860
G. †Parachelys Meyer 1864
Invalid names: Plesiochelys minima Oertel 1915 [nomen dubium]
G. †Eurysternum Meyer 1839
+
†Eurysternum neuquinum Fernandez and de la Fuente 1988
†Eurysternum wagleri Meyer 1839
G. †Hylaeochelys Lydekker 1889
+
†Hylaeochelys belli Mantell 1844
+
Invalid names: Archaeochelys valdensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Hylaeochelys sollasi Nopcsa 1928 [synonym], Platemys dixoni Owen 1853 [synonym], Platemys mantelli Owen 1841 [synonym]
†Hylaeochelys kappa Pérez-García and Ortega 2014
Invalid names: Archaeochelys Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. †Jurassichelon Pérez-García 2015
+
†Jurassichelon moseri Bräm 1965
†Jurassichelon oleronensis Pérez-García 2015
G. †Neusticemys Fernandez and de la Fuente 1993
+
†Neusticemys neuquina Fernandez and de la Fuente 1988
Fm. †Plesiochelyidae Rütimeyer 1873
+
G. †Craspedochelys Rütimeyer 1873
G. †Globochelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021
G. †Portlandemys Gaffney 1975
G. †Tholemys Andrews 1921
G. †Yanduchelys Peng et al. 2005
Invalid names: Emys dutertrei Sauvage 1872 [nomen dubium], Hispaniachelys Slater et al. 2011 [nomen dubium], Hispaniachelys prebetica Slater et al. 2011 [nomen dubium], Stylemys lindenensis Maack 1869 [nomen dubium]
G. †Solnhofia Gaffney 1975
+
†Solnhofia brachyrhyncha Anquetin and Püntener 2020
†Solnhofia parsonsi Gaffney 1975
G. †Thalassemys Rütimeyer 1859
+
†Thalassemys bruntrutana Puntener et al. 2015
†Thalassemys carva Nessov 1984
†Thalassemys hugii Rütimeyer 1873
+
Invalid names: Eurysternum ignoratum Bräm 1965 [synonym], Thalassemys gresslyi Rütimeyer 1873 [synonym]
Invalid names: Parathalassemys Nessov and Krassevskaya 1984 [synonym]
G. †Tropidemys Rütimeyer 1873
+
†Pelobatochelys blakii Seeley 1875
†Tropidemys langii Rütimeyer 1873
+
Invalid names: Craspedochelys plana Rütimeyer 1873 [synonym], Tropidemys expansa Rütimeyer 1873 [synonym], Tropidemys gibba Rütimeyer 1873 [synonym]
†Tropidemys seebachi Portis 1878
Invalid names: Chelonia valanginiensis Pictet and Campiche 1862 [nomen dubium], Chelonides robusta Portis 1878 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Acichelys approximata Wagner 1856 [nomen dubium], Euryaspis radians Wagner 1861 [nomen dubium], Plesiochelys oblonga Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Plesiochelys pumilio Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Thalassemys heusseri Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Tropidemys morinica Sauvage 1880 [nomen dubium]
Subor. Thecophora Dollo
+
Invalid names: Chelonioidae Hay 1930 [empty], Chelydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Emydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Pleurosternoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Thalassemydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Trionychoidae Hay 1930 [empty]
Invalid names: Aplax oberndorferi Meyer 1843 [nomen dubium], Athecae Cope 1871 [empty], Chelonipedidae Sarjeant and Langston 1994 [empty], Chelycarapookus Warren 1969 [nomen dubium], Chelycarapookus arcuatus Warren 1969 [nomen dubium], Chelys blakii Mackie 1863 [nomen dubium], Chengyuchelyidae Yeh 1990 [empty], Emys neumayri Seeley 1881 [nomen dubium], Emys paranensis Burmeister 1885 [nomen nudum], Heckerochelyidae Sukhanov 2006 [empty], Megasternon Gray 1842 [nomen nudum], Mongolochelyidae Sukhanov and Pozdnjakov [empty], Odontochelyidae Li et al. 2008 [empty], Platemys sehuensis Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium], Protochelys Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Testudo elata Gervais 1877 [nomen dubium], Testudo stricklandi Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Tretosternon punctatum Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Trionyx mammillaris Cope 1877 [nomen nudum]
Subcl. †Theromorpha Cope 1878
+
Subor. †Dromasauria Broom 1907
+
Invalid names: Galechiridae King 1988 [empty], Macroscelesauridae Haughton 1924 [empty]
Unr. Eotherapsida Ivakhnenko 2003
+
Superor. †Dinomorpha Ivakhnenko 2003
+
Invalid names: Gorgodontia Ivakhnenko 2003 [empty], Nikkasauria Ivakhnenko 2008 [empty]
Subor. †Styracocephalia Haughton 1929
+
Invalid names: Poliosauria Williston 1917 [empty], Protodonta Osborn 1888 [empty]
Invalid names: Atremata Hay 1930 [empty], Chelydosauria Cope 1898 [empty], Dipnoa Fitzinger 1826 [empty], Dravidosaurus Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1979 [nomen dubium], Dravidosaurus blanfordi Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1979 [nomen dubium], Enaliosauria Parkinson 1822 [empty], Holosauria Jaekel 1911 [empty], Hyperosauria Jaekel 1910 [empty], Ichthyosaurus inexpectatus Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Lyognatha Jaekel 1910 [empty], Macelognatha Marsh 1884 [empty], Monotreta Hay 1930 [empty], Ornithocephala Bunzel 1870 [empty], Pessopteryx arctica Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Pessopteryx pinguis Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Placodontomorpha [empty], Plesiosaurus doedicomus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Proganosauromorpha Kuhn 1968 [empty], Proreptilia Haeckel 1876 [empty], Prosauria Gadow 1898 [empty], Protorosauria Jaekel 1910 [empty], Puercosaurus Williston 1916 [invalid subgroup], Puercosaurus obtusidens Williston 1916 [nomen dubium], Rhamphosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Saurichthys indicus de Koninck 1863 [nomen dubium], Saurophidia Gray [empty], Seps Laurenti 1768 [nomen oblitum], Svalbardosaurus Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium], Svalbardosaurus crassidens Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
| Source: g = genus, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Peczkis 1995, Holman 2000, Greene 1997, Carroll 1988, Witton 2008, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Westphalian A to the top of the Holocene or 318.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 314.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 314.6 Ma
Collections (23416 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvanian | USA (Massachusetts) | Dromopus woodworthi (34780) | |
| Westphalian A | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Hylonomus latidens, Hylonomus lyelli, Hylerpeton curtidentatum, Hylonomus wymani (28069) Hylonomus lyelli (86946) | |
| Westphalian C - Westphalian D | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Paleothyris acadiana (80111) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Ohio) | Carbonodraco lundi, Sauropleura longipes (85292) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Illinois) | Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum (79598) | |
| Westphalian D | Czech Republic (Pilsen) | Hylonomus acuminatus, Brouffia orientalis, Coelostegus prothales (84835) | |
| Missourian | USA (Kansas) | Petrolacosaurus kansensis, Podargosaurus hibbardi (80784) | |
| Missourian | USA (Illinois) | Reptilia indet. (80714) | |
| Gzhelian | Canada (Prince Edward Island) | Erpetonyx arsenaultorum (171344) | |
| Gzhelian - Asselian | France (Burgundy) | Belebey augustodunensis (164623) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Kansas) | Reptilia indet. (215555) Spinoaequalis schultzei, Concordia cunninghami (68427) | |
| Virgilian - Wolfcamp | USA (New Mexico) | Rhiodenticulatus heatoni (77412) | |
| Asselian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Aphelosaurus lutevensis (171350) | |
| Asselian | USA (Texas) | Protorothyris archeri, Romeria primus (79163) | |
| Asselian | USA (West Virginia) | Melanothyris morani (85178) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Texas) | Bolosaurus striatus (11165) | |
| Cisuralian | Brazil | Captorhinikos sp. (218110) | |
| Cisuralian | Brazil (Piauí) | Karutia fortunata (218113) | |
| Rotliegendes | Poland (Lower Silesia) | Dromopus lacertoides, Dimetropus leisnerianus (197201) | |
| Permian | USA (West Virginia) | Reptilia indet. (125947) | |