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Cravenoceras
Taxonomy
Cravenoceras was named by Bisat (1928) [Sepkoski's age data: C Serp-l]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Goniatitida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Cravenoceratinae by Kuzina and Yatskov (1990), Titus (2000), Korn (2006), Furnish et al. (2009) and Korn and Sudar (2016).
It was assigned to Goniatitida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Cravenoceratinae by Kuzina and Yatskov (1990), Titus (2000), Korn (2006), Furnish et al. (2009) and Korn and Sudar (2016).
Species
C. (Richardsonites), C. acutum, C. africanum, C. arcticum, C. beleutense, C. berkhi, C. crassum, C. insolitum, C. kingi, C. kullatinense, C. leion, C. leionoides, C. lineolatum, C. malhamense, C. originale, C. petrenkoi (syn. C. cowlingense), C. schaelkense, C. scoticum, C. shimanskyi, C. subitum, C. tonksi, C. tozeri, C. vetum
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1928 | Cravenoceras Bisat |
| 1990 | Cravenoceras Kuzina and Yatskov p. 57 |
| 2000 | Cravenoceras Titus p. 27 |
| 2002 | Cravenoceras Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Cravenoceras Korn |
| 2009 | Cravenoceras Furnish et al. p. 67 |
| 2016 | Cravenoceras Korn and Sudar p. 211 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Cravenoceras Bisat 1928
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Subg. †Cravenoceras (Richardsonites) Elias 1956
†Cravenoceras acutum Liang 1957
†Cravenoceras africanum Delépine 1939
†Cravenoceras arcticum Librovitch 1938
†Cravenoceras beleutense Ruzhentsev and Bogoslovskaya 1971
†Cravenoceras berkhi Librovitch 1962
†Cravenoceras crassum Ruzhentsev and Bogoslovskaya 1971
†Cravenoceras insolitum Ruzhentsev and Bogoslovskaya 1971
†Cravenoceras kingi Hall and Whitfield 1877
†Cravenoceras kullatinense Campbell 1962
†Cravenoceras leion Bisat 1930
†Cravenoceras leionoides Ruzhentsev and Bogoslovskaya 1971
†Cravenoceras lineolatum Gordon 1964
†Cravenoceras malhamense Bisat 1924
†Cravenoceras originale Ruzhentsev and Bogoslovskaya 1971
†Cravenoceras petrenkoi Librovitch 1938
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Invalid names: Cravenoceras cowlingense Librovitch 1938 [synonym]
†Cravenoceras schaelkense Bruning 1923
†Cravenoceras scoticum Currie 1954
†Cravenoceras shimanskyi Ruzhentsev and Bogoslovskaya 1971
†Cravenoceras subitum Astachova 1983
†Cravenoceras tonksi Moore 1936
†Cravenoceras tozeri Nassichuk 1975
†Cravenoceras vetum Patteisky 1936
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 48 | 9.78 | 3.50 | 28.0 | 9.70 | 5.64 | |
| shell diameter | 48 | 26.3 | 8.00 | 78.0 | 27.6 | 15.7 | |
| shell inflation | 48 | 8.72 | 1.80 | 31.3 | 10.1 | 6.94 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Kiessling 2003 | |||||
Age range: base of the Chesterian to the top of the Arnsbergian or 335.50000 to 323.70000 Ma
Collections (81 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mississippian | USA (Utah) | C. sp. (10137) | |
| Visean | United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) | C. leion (211912) | |
| Brigantian | United Kingdom (England) | C. leion (8252) | |
| Brigantian - Pendleian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | C. scoticum (93323) | |
| Chesterian | USA (Nevada) | C. friscoense (12781) | |
| Chesterian - Carboniferous | USA (Utah) | C. sp. (13362) | |
| Pendleian | USA (Texas) | C. sp. (169951) | |
| Pendleian | Russian Federation | C. arcticum (179302) C. arcticum, C. petrenkoi (179303) C. shimanskyi (166306) | |
| Pendleian | Kazakhstan | C. arcticum, C. beleutense (166959 166965 166967) C. arcticum, C. malhamense, C. beleutense (166955 166956 166958) C. beleutense (166960 166964 166968 166969 166970) C. crassum, C. leionoides (166878 166881 166888 166892 166894 166895) C. crassum, C. shimanskyi, C. leionoides (166880) C. leionoides (166866 166882 166884 166885 166889 166890 166891 166897 166898) C. lineolatum, C. crassum, C. leionoides (166893) C. malhamense, C. beleutense (166957 166962 166963) C. originale (166865) C. originale, C. leionoides (166886) C. originale, C. leionoides, C. insolitum (166879) C. sp. (166971) | |
| Pendleian | Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) | C. lineolatum, C. crassum, C. leionoides (166952) | |
| Pendleian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | C. leionoides (166475 166900 166937 166944) C. lineolatum (166945) | |
| Pendleian | USA (Arkansas) | C. lineolatum (157945) C. sp. C (157962) | |
| Pendleian | Germany (Westfalen) | C. leion (5537) | |
| Pendleian | United Kingdom (England) | C. malhamense (8253) | |
| Serpukhovian | USA (Oklahoma) | C. sp. (5611) | |
| Namurian | Australia (New South Wales) | C. kullatinense (59786) | |
| Arnsbergian | Algeria | C. africanum (224277) | |
| Arnsbergian | USA (Arkansas) | C. sp. A (157867) C. sp. B (157942) | |
| Arnsbergian | United Kingdom (England) | C. cowlingense (8254 8422 8424 8428 8434 8440 8441) C. gressinghamense (8617) C. sp. (8259 8437 8438 8442 8443 8618 8619 8620) C. sp., C. cowlingense (8423 8435 8436) | |
| Arnsbergian | China (Ningxia) | C. arcticum (671) | |
| Arnsbergian | Canada (Nunavut) | C. tozeri (170653) |