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Xiphactinus audax

Actinopteri - Ichthyodectiformes - Ichthyodectidae

Taxonomy
Polygonodon audax was named by Leidy (1870). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Saurocephalus audax by Cope (1850); it was recombined as Portheus audax by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Xiphactinus audax by Leidy (1870), Leidy (1873), Applegate (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Schwimmer et al. (1997), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Shimada and Martin (2008), Cavin et al. (2013) and Bice and Shimada (2016).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1850Saurocephalus audax Cope p. 533
1856Polygonodon audax Leidy p. 221
1870Saurocephalus thaumas Cope p. 533
1870Xiphactinus audax Leidy
1870Polygonodon audax Leidy p. 12
1871Portheus molossus Cope p. 175
1873Portheus lestrio Cope
1873Xiphactinus audax Leidy p. 290
1874Portheus mudgei Cope p. 40
1874Portheus thaumas Cope p. 40
1898Portheus lowii Stewart
1898Xiphactinus brachygnathus Stewart
1901Portheus molossus Woodward p. 92
1902Portheus molossus Hay p. 383
1902Portheus audax Hay p. 384
1902Portheus brachygnathus Hay p. 384
1902Portheus lestrio Hay p. 384
1902Portheus lowii Hay p. 384
1902Portheus mudgei Hay p. 384
1902Portheus thaumas Hay p. 384
1908Portheus thaumas Cockerell p. 173
1970Xiphactinus audax Applegate p. 418
1981Xiphactinus audax Thurmond and Jones p. 97
1988Xiphactinus audax Case and Schwimmer p. 300
1997Xiphactinus audax Schwimmer et al. p. 611
2006Xiphactinus audax Shimada p. 169 fig. 5D
2006Xiphactinus audax Shimada et al. p. 23
2008Xiphactinus audax Shimada and Martin p. 97 fig. 9A,B
2013Xiphactinus audax Cavin et al. p. 161
2016Xiphactinus audax Bice and Shimada p. 186 figs. 7G-I

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
superclassActinopterygii()
RankNameAuthor
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
Teleosteomorpha
Teleostei(Müller 1846)
orderIchthyodectiformesBardack and Sprinkle 1969
suborderIchthyodectoideiRomer 1966
familyIchthyodectidaeCrook 1892
genusXiphactinusLeidy 1870
speciesaudax()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Xiphactinus audax Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Portheus lestrio Cope 1873 [synonym], Portheus lowii Stewart 1898 [synonym], Portheus molossus Cope 1871 [synonym], Portheus mudgei Cope 1874 [synonym], Saurocephalus thaumas Cope 1870 [synonym], Xiphactinus brachygnathus Stewart 1898 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:09:47
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:23:33
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Cenomanian to the top of the Campanian or 99.60000 to 72.10000 Ma

Collections (33 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Venezuela (Trujillo) Xiphactinus audax (176561)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Kansas) Xiphactinus audax (213414 213416 213417 213418 213419)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Kansas) Xiphactinus audax (94538)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Colorado) Xiphactinus audax (35429)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (Saskatchewan) Xiphactinus audax (22731 52997)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (Kansas) Xiphactinus audax (102879)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (Kansas) Xiphactinus audax (213384 213385)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (Nebraska) Xiphactinus audax (213402)
Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (Kansas) Xiphactinus audax (35365 213387 213526)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Campanian89.3 - 70.6USA (Mississippi) Xiphactinus audax (164393)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6USA (Alabama) Xiphactinus audax (81928)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6USA (Kansas) Xiphactinus audax (94652)
Santonian - Campanian86.3 - 72.1Canada (Alberta) Xiphactinus audax (192128)
Late/Upper Santonian85.8 - 83.5USA (Kansas) Portheus molossus (188488)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian85.8 - 70.6USA (Alabama) Xiphactinus audax (81930 81932 81934 81972 82049 82054)
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian85.8 - 70.6USA (Georgia) Xiphactinus audax (35289)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (Georgia) Xiphactinus audax (70720)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) Portheus molossus (190555)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (North Carolina) Xiphactinus audax (57918)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (New Jersey) Xiphactinus audax (14455)