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Hexasterophora

Hexactinellida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1886Hexasterophora Schulze
1993Hexasterophora Rigby and Mohanti p. 917
1996Hexasterophora Rigby and Albi p. 909
2004Hexasterophora Finks and Rigby p. 420
2007Hexasterophora Bambach et al. p. S4
2012Hexasterophora Worheide et al. p. 35 figs. Fig. 1.5
2015Hexasterophora Senowbari-Daryan and Rigby p. 392

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumPoriferaGrant 1836
classHexactinellidaSchmidt 1870
RankNameAuthor
subclassHexasterophoraSchulze 1886
subclassHexasterophoraSchulze 1886

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. Hexasterophora Schulze 1886
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Or. Hexactinosa Schrammen 1903
+
Fm. Aphrocallistidae Gray 1867
+
G. Aphrocallistes Gray 1858
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Aphrocallistes estevoui Termier and Termier 1981
Aphrocallistes lobata Pomel 1872
Aphrocallistes lobatus Schrammen 1912
Aphrocallistes macroporus Lagneau-Herenger 1962
Aphrocallistes mammillaris Hurcewicz 1968
Aphrocallistes verrucosus Lagneau-Herenger 1962
Aphrocallistes vistulae Hurcewicz 1968
Invalid names: Badinskia Pomel 1872 [synonym]
G. †Druidia Finks et al. 2011
+
Druidia wilsoni Finks et al. 2011
Fm. †Aulocalycidae Ijima 1927
+
G. †Polygonatium Schrammen 1937
+
Polygonatium globulus Gerasimov 1960
Polygonatium mosquense Gerasimov 1960
Polygonatium sphaeroides Schrammen 1937
Polygonatium stellatum Gerasimov 1960
G. †Caesaria Quenstedt 1858
G. †Carinthiaspongus Krainer and Mostler 1992
+
Carinthiaspongus ramosus Krainer and Mostler 1992
Fm. Cribrospongiidae Roemer 1864
+
G. †Andreaea Schrammen 1902
+
Andreaea hexagonalis Schrammen 1902
Andreaea micropora Lagneau-Herenger 1962
G. †Cribrospongia d'Orbigny 1849
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Cribrospongia elegans Schrammen 1937
Cribrospongia reticulata Goldfuss 1826
Invalid names: Tremadictyon Zittel 1877 [objective synonym]
G. †Erineum Schrammen 1937
+
Erineum minutum Schrammen 1937
G. †Eubrochus
G. †Feifelia
G. †Gevreya Moret 1927
+
Gevreya synthetica Moret 1927
G. †Guettardiscyphia Fromentel 1860
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Guettardiscyphia alata Pomel 1872
Guettardiscyphia bisalata Schrammen 1912
Guettardiscyphia diptera Wagner 1963
Guettardiscyphia stellata Michelin 1847
Guettardiscyphia striata Schrammen 1912
Guettardiscyphia thiolati Archiac 1846
+
Invalid names: Pseudoguettardia thiolati Moret 1925 [synonym], Scyphia quinquelobata Archia 1850 [synonym]
Invalid names: Guettardia Michelin 1847 [replaced]
G. †Haynespongia Rigby 1981
+
Haynespongia vokesae Rigby 1981
G. †Keuppiella Engeser and Mehl 1993
+
Keuppiella pertusa Goldfuss 1826
Invalid names: Rhopalicus Schrammen 1937 [replaced], Walcottella de Laubenfels 1955 [objective synonym]
G. †Nelumbifolium Wu 1990
+
G. †Petalope
G. †Polyopesia Schrammen 1902
+
Polyopesia angustata Schrammen 1902
Polyopesia laevis Schrammen 1912
G. †Stereochlamis Schrammen 1912
+
Stereochlamis caliculum Schrammen 1912
Stereochlamis pilosa Schrammen 1912
Stereochlamis praecissa Schrammen 1912
G. †Stichmaptyx Schrammen 1912
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Stichmaptyx alatus Schrammen 1912
Stichmaptyx macroporus Lagneau-Herenger 1962
G. †Tesselospongia Rigby et al. 1998
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Tesselospongia fistulosa Rigby et al. 1998
Fm. †Cystispongiidae Finks et al. 2004
+
G. †Cystispongia Roemer 1864
+
Cystispongia bursa Quenstedt 1852
Cystispongia monostoma Schrammen 1912
Cystispongia morchella Pocta 1883
Invalid names: Cyrtobolia Pocta 1883 [synonym]
Fm. †Emplocidae de Laubenfels 1955
+
G. †Emploca
Fm. †Euretidae Zittel 1877
+
G. †Belonisia
Subfm. Chonelasmatinae Schrammen 1912
+
G. †Balantionella Schrammen 1902
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Balantionella elegans Schrammen 1902
G. Chonelasma Schulze 1886
G. †Eubrochis Schrammen 1902
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Eubrochis senonica Schrammen 1902
Invalid names: Callibrochis Schrammen 1912 [objective synonym], Oxyrhizium Schrammen 1912 [synonym]
G. †Habrosium Schrammen 1912
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Habrosium convolutum Schrammen 1912
G. †Megalodictyon Oppliger 1926
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Megalodictyon fretreulensis Oppliger 1926
G. †Ptychorete Reid 1964
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Ptychorete ijimai Reid 1964
G. Tretochone Reid 1959
G. †Typhlopleura Schrammen 1902
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Typhlopleura dichotoma Schrammen 1902
G. †Wollemannia Schrammen 1912
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Wollemannia araneosa Schrammen 1912
Wollemannia cribrosa Reid 1964
G. †Eotretochone Consoli et al. 2009
+
Eotretochone australis Consoli et al. 2009
Subfm. Euretinae Zittel 1877
+
G. †Alosculum
G. †Blondetia Herenger 1944
G. †Dracospongia Rigby et al. 1998
+
Dracospongia undulata Rigby et al. 1998
G. Eurete Semper 1868
+
Subg. †Eurete (Aulodomus) Schrammen 1937
Eurete columnare Reid 1959
Eurete farreoides Reid 1961
Eurete formosum Reid 1959
Eurete fragilis Schrammen 1912
Eurete halli Schrammen 1912
Eurete labyrinthica Schrammen 1912
Eurete lithodendron Reid 1961
Eurete maeandrina Schrammen 1912
Eurete mantelli Reid 1959
Eurete rauffi Schrammen 1912
Eurete setosum Reid 1961
Eurete smithi Reid 1961
Eurete vaceleti Brimaud and Vachard 1986
Invalid names: Botryosella Schrammen 1912 [synonym], Hapalopegma Schrammen 1912 [synonym]
G. Heterochone Ijima 1927
+
Heterochone hindei Schrammen 1912
Heterochone punctata Schrammen 1912
G. †Linonema Laubenfels 1955
+
Linonema calyx Schrammen 1937
Linonema ramosa Lagneau-Herenger 1962
Invalid names: Linosoma Schrammen 1937 [replaced]
G. †Lopanella
G. Myliusia Gray 1859
+
Myliusia cancellata Brimaud and Vachard 1986
G. †Nemarete Reid 1961
+
Nemarete mirabilis Reid 1961
G. †Ordinatus Laubenfels 1955
+
Ordinatus texturatus Goldfuss 1826
G. Periphragella Marshall 1875
+
Periphragella johannae Schrammen 1912
Periphragella plicata Schrammen 1902
Invalid names: Proeurete Schrammen 1902 [synonym]
G. †Plecteurete Herrmann-Degen 1980
G. Pleurochorium Schrammen 1912
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Pleurochorium schulzei Schrammen 1912
G. †Polypyge Schrammen 1937
+
Polypyge pusilla Schrammen 1937
G. †Pseudocavispongia Herenger 1944
+
Pseudocavispongia stellata Herenger 1944
G. †Radioplica Wu 1990
+
G. †Ramispongia Quenstedt 1877
+
Ramispongia micropora Lagneau-Herenger 1962
Ramispongia ramosa Quenstedt 1877
G. †Verrucocoelia Etallon 1859
+
Verrucocoelia alpina Herenger 1944
Verrucocoelia biswasi Rigby and Mohanti 1993
Verrucocoelia patella Gerasimov 1960
Verrucocoelia tubulata Smith 1848
+
Invalid names: Periphragella elongata Moret 1925 [synonym], Periphragella simplex Schrammen 1912 [synonym]
Verrucocoelia verrucosa Goldfuss 1829
G. †Wapkiosa Laubenfels 1955
+
Wapkiosa folium Schrammen 1912
Wapkiosa tortuosa Schrammen 1912
Invalid names: Pleurothyris Schrammen 1912 [replaced]
G. Heterorete Dendy 1916
G. †Paleoramospongia Rigby et al. 2001
+
Paleoramospongia bifurcata Rigby et al. 2001
G. †Paleoregulara Rigby et al. 2001
+
Paleoregulara cupula Rigby et al. 2001
G. Pararete Ijima 1927
Subfm. Polythyridinae Schrammen 1912
+
G. Lefroyella Thomson 1877
+
Lefroyella favoidea Schrammen 1912
Lefroyella montenati Brimaud and Vachard 1986
G. †Polythyris Schrammen 1912
+
Polythyris cuneata Schrammen 1912
Subfm. †Pseudobecksiinae Finks et al. 2004
+
G. †Pseudobecksia Reid 1964
+
G. Verrucocoeloidea Reid 1969
+
Subg. †Verrucocoeloidea (Euretella) Finks et al. 2011
+
Fm. Euryplegmatidae de Laubenfels 1955
+
G. Euryplegma Schulze 1886
Fm. Farreidae Schulze 1885
+
G. Chonodictyon Reid 1959
+
G. Farrea Bowerbank 1862
+
Farrea clarkei Schrammen 1912
Farrea oakleyi Reid 1959
Farrea occa Bowerbank 1862
Farrea rugosa Rigby and Albi 1996
Farrea tatei Reid 1959
G. †Hormathospongia Rigby et al. 1996
+
Hormathospongia dictyota Rigby et al. 1996
G. †Furcicanalis Wu and Xiao 1989
G. †Idiodictyon Laubenfels 1955
+
Invalid names: Eudictyon Bistram 1903 [replaced]
G. †Imbricareola Wu and Xiao 1989
G. †Laocaetis Pomel 1872
G. †Misonia Krautter 1996
+
Misonia baldensis Krautter 1996
G. †Multiloqua Laubenfels 1955
G. †Mysterium
G. †Octobrum Laubenfels 1955
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Octobrum angustatum Schrammen 1937
Invalid names: Rhabdium Schrammen 1937 [replaced]
Superfm. †Pileolitoidea Finks 1960
+
Fm. †Pileolitidae Finks 1960
+
G. †Hexactinoderma Pisera and Bodzioch 1991
+
Hexactinoderma trammeri Pisera and Bodzioch 1991
G. †Pileolites Finks 1960
+
Pileolites baccatus Finks 1960
Fm. †Pileospongiidae Rigby et al. 1979
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G. †Pileospongia Rigby et al. 1979
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Pileospongia lopados Rigby et al. 1979
Fm. †Wareembaiidae Finks et al. 2004
+
G. †Kalimnospongia Rigby and Webby 1988
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Kalimnospongia pertusa Rigby and Webby 1988
G. †Wareembaia Rigby and Webby 1988
+
Wareembaia concentrica Rigby and Webby 1988
Superfm. †Pillaraspongioidea Rigby 1986
+
Fm. †Pillaraspongiidae Rigby 1986
+
G. †Pillaraspongia Rigby 1986
+
G. †Polysyge
G. †Porospongia d'Orbigny 1849
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Porospongia marginata Goldfuss 1829
Porospongia tenuis Herenger 1944
G. †Rhogostomium Schrammen 1937
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Rhogostomium corrugatum Schrammen 1937
G. †Scotospongia Krainer and Mostler 1992
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Scotospongia aculeata Krainer and Mostler 1992
Fm. †Staurodermatidae Zittel 1877
+
G. †Rhodanospongia Moret 1927
+
Rhodanospongia robusta Moret 1927
G. †Saynospongia Moret 1927
+
Saynospongia palmicea Dumortier 1871
G. †Stauroderma Zittel 1877
+
Stauroderma cretacea Ulbrich 1974
G. †Zittellospongia Malfatti 1901
+
Invalid names: Zittelospongia [objective synonym]
G. †Tesselispongia Wu and Xiao 1989
G. †Tremaphorus Schrammen 1937
+
Tremaphorus apertus Oppliger 1915
Tremaphorus tenuis Oppliger 1915
Fm. Tretodictyidae Schulze 1887
+
G. †Anomochone Ijima 1927
Subfm. †Placotrematinae Reid 2004
+
G. †Cincliderma Hinde 1994
G. Fieldingia Kent 1870
G. †Placotrema Hinde 1884
+
Placotrema cretaceum Hinde 1884
Subfm. Tretodictyinae Schulze 1887
+
G. Auloplax Schulze 1904
+
Auloplax spongiosus Schrammen 1912
G. Hexactinella Carter 1885
+
Hexactinella alpina Lagneau-Herenger 1962
Hexactinella calolepis Brimaud and Vachard 1986
Hexactinella clampensis Frisone et al. 2016
Hexactinella nymphaea Defretin-Lefranc 1960
Hexactinella prisca Mehl and Fürsich 1997
G. †Prohexactinella Moret 1926
+
Prohexactinella subconica Lagneau-Herenger 1962
+
Invalid names: Nitidus de Laubenfels 1955 [synonym]
G. †Ramalmerina Brimaud and Vachard 1986
+
Ramalmerina fischeri Brimaud and Vachard 1986
G. Sclerothamnopsis Wilson 1904
+
Sclerothamnopsis collina Brimaud and Vachard 1986
G. Tretodictyum Schulze 1887
+
Tretodictyum loeschmanni Schrammen 1912
Tretodictyum pfaffi Schrammen 1912
G. †Vermifistula Wu and Xiao 1989
G. †Xenoschrammenus de Laubenfels 1955
Invalid names: Auloplacidae Schrammen 1912 [empty], Clavularia Schulze 1885 [empty], Scopularia Schulze 1885 [empty]
Or. †Lychniscosida Schrammen 1903
+
Fm. Aulocystidae Sollas 1887
+
G. Neoaulocystis Zhuravleva 1962
+
Invalid names: Aulocystis Schulze 1886 [replaced]
Fm. †Diapleuridae Ijima 1927
+
G. †Coronispongia Frisone et al. 2016
+
Coronispongia confossa Frisone et al. 2016
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available